It is believed that preformed antibodies are responsible for blood transfusion reactions and transplant rejections. In order to remove a tumor, the tissue must be rejected. On the basis of transfusion reaction and transplantation immunology, we hypothesized that allogeneic serum can inhibit tumor growth when injected intra-tumor. Initially, an in vitro cytotoxicity test was conducted using the C57BL/6 serum (intact or decomplemented) in combination with the BALB/c-originating CT26 cell line.  The CT26 cell line was used to establish a mouse model of colon cancer. When the tumor was palpable, C57BL/6 serum was injected intra-tumor. In addition to tumor size, hypoxia, metastatic capacity, angiogenesis, and metabolic and inflammatory status, we evaluated matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP)-2 and 9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, Cluster of Designation (CD) 31, CD38 and interleukine (IL)-10. An in vitro experiment showed that heat-inactivated C57BL/6 serum had significantly lower cytotoxic effects on BALB/c-derived CT26 cells than intact C57BL/6 serum or BALB/c serum. In vivo experiments revealed that tumor size, HIF-1α, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. In contrast to control animals, allogeneic serum treatment led to marked reductions in CD31, VEGF-1, CD38, and IL-10 levels. A new approach to serum or plasma therapy and allogeneic vaccines for cancer is intra-tumor injection of allogeneic serum. In light of the ease and availability of allogeneic immunotherapies, allogeneic serum and plasma therapy could potentially be used as an alternative monotherapy or in combination with other therapies.

The importance of designation (anecdote, description, implication) in Epistemology and acquired knowledge is clear. In the field of designation, there are various viewpoints and some of them can be combined with each other and some of them are contradictory and cannot be combined. One of the famous opinions of philosophers is that the relationship between the concept and the described object is intrinsic to the concept.Some believe that the intrinsic description view has indefensible flaws. For example, in the article "Intrinsic Designation under Scrutiny",  the view of famous philosophers about "Intrinsic Designation" (Hekait-e dhātī) has been criticized, and more or less the view of the Allameh Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yazdi has been confirmed and strengthened under the title "Potentially Designation" (Hekait-e Shaani; Contingent Designation). In the mentioned article, the authors have made seven objections to the "Intrinsic Designation". In our opinion, all the mentioned objections towards the view of "Intrinsic Designation" have several problems; And on the contrary, "Potentially Designation", as presented in this article, is both wrong in itself and inconsistent with principles of Allameh Mesbah. A detailed treatment of all the objections raised around the "Intrinsic Designation" and all the problems of the, "Potentially Designation", as presented in the mentioned article, requires the writing of a book in the field of the designation. Therefore, inevitably, in this article, we have evaluated the first two objections briefly and left the criticism of other objections to a wider field.
It is necessary to mention:First of all, rejecting the objections raised about "Intrinsic Designation" does not logically require the truth of "Intrinsic Designation" and in order to establish this point of view, we should have a positive discussion about its ontological, anthropological and epistemological foundations, and about its consequences.
Secondly, in this article, our defenses of the "Intrinsic Designation" and our objections to the "Potentially Designation" are based on this common basis between the famous philosophers and Allameh Mesbah that on the one hand, the knowledge of ordinary people about the material world is exclusive to the acquired knowledge, and on the other hand, the mental image has two aspects: from one aspect, it exists in the human soul and itself is known, and it is a presentational knowledge, and from the second aspect, it presents something else and it is acquired knowledge.
Thirdly, our main discussion in this article is, first of all, the defense of the "Intrinsic Designation", not the criticism of the "Potentially Designation".
Our method in this article is analytical and descriptive.
In our opinion, objections made to the theory of "Intrinsic Designation" and affirmations raised in the field of establishing the "Potentially Designation" are debatable. Some of the disputes are as follows:(1) Involving the characteristics of Arabic words in semantic and philosophical analyses; (2) Not paying attention to the difference between conventional understanding and conventional analysis; (3) Confusion between the role of the knower and the specific role of knowledge in the designation process; (4) Inserting the concepts of existence and non-existence into whatness; (5) Confiscation and self-explanatory nature of some claims and arguments; (6) Ignoring the differences between mental images and external forms, or ignoring the differences between what is reasonable in itself and what is reasonable through an intermediary; (7) non-distinction between of designation (hekait, description, implication) and transmission.
At least some of the problems that have entered the theory of "Intrinsic Designation" are due to the lack of correct understanding of this theory, and this theory is more accurate than the theory of "Potentially Designation".

Muslim epistemologists have suggested three theories about the problem of “designation”. Most of them think of designation as being in actu and “intrinsic” (pertaining to demonstration) to mental forms. But professor Fayyāḍi believes that designation is “essential” (pertaining to Isagogue) to knowledge by representation. He thinks of the nafs of the knowing subject as the real designator, and of mental forms as the mental existence of the ones which are designated. On the other hand, professor Mesbah believes that the process of designation is an innate process in which human mind relates mental forms to their designated entities. He considers the act of designation in potentia, the actuality of which depends on true affirmation.In this article, the authors argue that the difference between the three ideas stems from their different analysis of “designation”. So they try to put forward an analysis of designation to criticize the common view as well as that of professor Fayyāḍi. They also refer to the negligence of these views of the role of the knowing subject’s intention in the process of designation.

The essence of designation is conventional (Etebari) and promulgative (Jali), but the outcome of promulgation (Jal) is genetic relation between utterance and meaning, either in symbolical form like who study another language and aware of using utterance and meaning simultaneously on the usage and being one of them sign of the other, or in substitutional (tanzil) form like designation (Wad') and usage. This article discusses about the quality of emergence of language and designation (Wad') in naturalistic manner and based on that it is explored the emergence of kinds of designation (Wad'). I think designation (Wad') of prepositions is a special kind of manner that "both of designation (Wad') and designated-for are special". I have named it "designation (Wad') is special and designated-for (Modu' Lah) is similar meaning for the special.

If pastures become exploited correctly and also with reforestation and reformation, it would provide expected needs of agriculture section and also primary needs of raw materials in some part of industry. On the other hand, it becomes one of the safe bases of economy. So this study is about economic analyze of pastures assignment in framework of Lander grass projects in khorasan razavi province. In this order, by using two stage cluster sampling, at first amours 221 projects of pastures holding, 38 of them were selected from eleven cities of khorasan razavi province. Then randomized production function was estimated for these pastures. Basically, amounts of technical efficiency were calculated and also in this manner and rand cost function and its economic efficiency was earned. Results show that pasture holding projects in khorasan razavi cause to increasing in his production about twice (or duplicating his production in comparison with period before assignment). Also average amounts of technical efficiency of selected projects became 80 percent and for economic efficiency 35 percent, and finally about 44 percent in designation efficiency. Studying valid factors on inefficiency of pasture projects show that variables such as loan, pasture expanse, instructions and period of project performance have positive influence and variables such as; exploiter numbers have negative influence on technical efficiency of pastures.

The prevalent view among epistemologists about “mental forms” is that they designate things by essence and in actuality. Ayatollah Fayyaḍi accepts this idea, but renders such a designation an instance of knowledge by presence and has a different view about the designator.The authors in this article try to compare the two theories and analyze their commonalities as well as their differences. Fayyaḍi believes that the designator is not the mental form, but the soul of the perceiving agent. He thinks that the designator of the objective things shows subjective designator, objective designator, and all its instances at the same time, and this is the implication of designation by essence. He introduces knowledge be presence as the source by which one can understand the mode of such a designation and all its attributes, and suggests that by esoteric analysis one can find out about such matters. Although he renders the designation of simple concepts, propositions, and judgments essential to them, he thinks that there are differences in the way of their designation.

In the book Faḍā‘iḥ al-Bāṭiniyya, Ghazālī, in rejecting the ideas of Bāṭiniyya (Ismaʿilites), criticized the infallibility of the Imam and attributed some ideas to them that are doubtful. In this research, this book is introduced and Ghazali’s method, literature, and the content of the book are reviewed. The main criticisms of Ghazālī over Bāṭiniyya are denying the rational method, the belief in the infallibility of the Imam, and the belief in the Imam is designated by nass (divine designation). The last two are common between Bāṭiniyya and the Imāmiyya, and their main difference is in determining who is Imam. The most important argument of Ghazālī is that Bāṭiniyya deny the rational method, therefore they only acknowledge the teachings of the infallible Imam who is determined by divine designation, while the Imam is neither infallible nor chosen by divine designation because the Imam’s infallibility leads to the belief that the revelation is revealed to him and leads to the rejection of khātamiyya (finality of prophethood), and the massivereport of the divine designation of the Imam necessitates that the knowledge of the existence and clarity of nass is evident and the person will indisputably become Imam. The answer to this argument is that Bāṭiniyya do not deny the rational method, rather, they consider it insufficient. Also, in his second and third criticisms, Ghazali bases his arguments on the denial of reason by Bāṭiniyya which is a false premise. Other concerns over Ghazālī’s criticisms are as follows: he himself admits that the Imams have a kind of infallible knowledge; the Imams claim Imamate, not prophethoodmassive report and clarity of divine designation does not require the same understanding by all people; that something is evident does not lead to its occurrence.

Kripke in his famous book, Naming and Necessity, introduces the concept of “rigidity” for designation of singular terms; and by using it, he refutes the Descriptive Theory of Meaning. If a term is rigid it means that it designates the same thing in all possible worlds in which it exists. Kripke, in third lecture, extends the concept of “rigidity” to all natural kind terms. This extension has had several interpretations which can be put into two categories: the sameness in designation, and the essentialist approaches. The sameness in designation approach, however, confronts “the trivialization problem”,i.e. not only natural kind terms, but also all general terms are rigid designators since each of them designates a property which remains the same across all possible worlds. An argumentative way has been proposed to refute trivialization problem. This approach is based on considering abundant objects as the designatum of singular terms and parallelism between these words and general terms. In this paper we will criticize this approach and show that it conflicts with some semantic roles of general terms and also our intuition concerning the truth value of sentences containing them.

The doctrine of the Divine designation of the Imam which is an outstanding doctrine of the Twelver Shiism has undergone various stages over time. Of them, references must be made to its noteworthy stages, its initial and basic idea of the mere Divine designation, its developed interpretation, and its institutionalization and public dissemination amongst the Twelver Shiites. This study proves that although the Infallible Imams who preceded the fifth Infallible Imam Muhammad al-Baqir had made references to the Divine nature of the appointment of the Infallible Imam, it was the Infallible Imam Muhammad al-Baqir who institutionalized the doctrine of the Divine designation. This trend led to notable increase in the conviction of the believers to the nature and mechanism of such appointment, hence their steadfastness in admitting the Infallible Imam who succeeded Imam Muhammad al-Baqir.

It seems the teaching positive thinking skills for children and adolescents in other to reinforcement and improvement positive Relationship with self , positive relationship with others , existence and amplification self – esteem and achievement very useful . According of importance positive thinking and features immense for example designation in adolescents adjustment , this study is about the effect of teaching positive thinking skills on high school female student adjustment ( social , emotional and academic ). The pre - test and post - test control group is applied as an experimental method . The statistical population is all female students in Sari high school. The sample is 30 people that selected in cluster randomly by some process. The test and control group were 15 people. The research tools was Sing and Sinha adjustment questionnairs that conducted before and after teaching positive thinking skills for test group , then both the control group and the test were done. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation and covariance analysis was used. The result showed that teaching positive thinking skills have significant effect on adjustment (social, emotional , academic) students.