The Bahr Aseman volcanic-plutonic complex is located to the southeast of the Kerman magmatic belt. Unlike Kerman magmatic belt which formed and evolved during Cenozoic in a dominantly continental arc and post-collision tectonic setting, Bahr Aseman complex formed during Late Cretaceous in an oceanic island-arc setting. The complex is composed of andesitic and andesitic-basaltic lava flows and subordinate pyroclastic materials and carbonate interlayers, as well as abyssal tonalite to quartz-diorite and quartz- monzodiorite intrusive bodies and shallow dioritic intrusions. Vein- type copper deposits, iron skarn and copper skarn are the main ore deposit types in Bahr Aseman. Chalcopyrite is the main ore mineral in vein-type and skarn-type copper deposits; the mineral is converted to oxide copper ores at surface and shallow depths. Magnetite is the main commodity in skarn type iron deposit. Highly altered porphyritic bodies associated with copper oxide ore were identified that are comparable, in some aspects, with porphyry type copper deposits; subsurface data, however, is required for conclusive remarks.
The various types of deposits are distinguished by distinct fluid inclusion characteristics. In the vein type copper deposits, fluids in association with mineralization represent dominant homogenization temperature (Th) of 150-220 ºC and salinity of 5-10 and 25-30 wt% NaCl. Fluids in the skarn type copper deposits represent 170-250 ºC and ranges of 5-15 and 27-35 wt% NaCl as dominant Th and salinity, respectively.
The δ34S values in the vein-type copper deposits vary between .9 and ‰, suggesting a magmatic origin for sulfur and probably metals (directly derived from magma or leached from magmatic rocks). Sulfur isotope ratios for two samples from Moka are .3 and .1‰, slightly different from typical magmatic δ34S ranges. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios for the vein-type copper deposits, measured on quartz and fluids extracted from inclusions in the mineral, are -6.6 to .9‰ and -79.4 to -51.8‰, respectively. This values suggest mixing of magmatic and meteoric fluids and/or fluid-rock interactions at different ratios. It appears that larger deposits have more shares of fluids with magmatic origin. With regards to the island-arc tectonic setting, recognized deposit types and ore minerals paragenesis, finding new copper and iron and probably gold deposits are possible in the Bahr Aseman area.

About 250,000 hectares of warm dryland regions have moderate to low rainfall, high temperatures and poor soil fertility with low production potential. Wheat cultivars which are currently used by farmers in these harsh environments, have low production in many years or they cannot be harvested due to their short plant's height or shriveled grains. Aseman cultivar with pedigree of KABY/3/TEVEE2/URES//FUN/KAUZ was generated by using the compatible parents at Gachsaran Agricultural Research Station in 2005-2006 cropping season. After a six-year period evaluation of the genetic material in the segregating populations, Aseman along with other selected pure lines were selected for further investigation through preliminary, advanced, and elite regional yield trails for four consecutive cropping seasons. In these experiments, average grain yield of new cultivar in Gachsaran and Behbahan stations, as well as in low-yield farms located in Golestan (Agh Ghala), Bushehr (Deilam) and Khuzestan (Haftakel) provinces was 2894 kgha-1, showing 3% superiority to Karim as the check cultivar. The average grain yield of Aseman in uniform regional trials was 2737 kgha-1 and it had a significant difference (p < /em> < 0.01) with Chamran (21% superiority) in the Gachsaran and Agh Ghala )for two years), as well as Behbahan, Haftkhel and Deilam (for one year) stations. Under severe drought and heat stresses in Deilam, Behbahan and Haftakel stations, the mean grain yield of the new cultivar increased by 37% and 10% compared to the Chamran and Karim cultivars, respectively. Early maturity, taller height and appropriate seed weight, especially under severe heat and drought stresses conditions and also superior baking quality are prominent characteristics of Aseman cultivar. These characteristics justify the importance of introducing this new cultivar for cultivation in the low-yield warm dryland regions of Iran.

The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between job security and competitive advantage with the productivity of female employees employed in the airline company Aseman. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive method of correlation type. The statistical population of this research includes all female employees of Aseman Air Company in Shiraz base, which number is 140 people. According to Morgan's table, the sample size is 103, and the questionnaires are distributed randomly among the people of the community. The data gathering tool was Hirsi and Goldsmith's standard productivity questionnaires, Nissi and colleagues' job security, and Hadjizadeh Mobaraki's competitive advantage. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the data, and for inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used. The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between job satisfaction and job security and occupational safety and competitive advantage of about 6.8 percent of total employee productivity changes.

Housing is one of the most basic human needs. Failure in paying attention to multidimensional demands of human beings reduces the quality of life. Considering the various aspects of human needs, the study of environmental quality for the promotion of life has thus a profound impact on the livability of residential complexes. The livability approach addresses the link between housing and human life and needs by paying attention to the quality of environment in residential complexes. A residential complex with the livability approach can be life-enhancing for human beings. Therefore, the attention to human behaviors and activities in different functional areas and the respect for environmental quality with such an approach in a stressful, difficult, boring and routine daily life multiplies the necessity of livability in residential spaces. Accordingly, when it comes to the place or architectural space, the term “livability” can be used as if it is supposed to encompass the factors for human life. Given the mutual effect of residential environment on the lives of residents, it is essential to determine the environmental quality which affects livability. This study aims to enhance the livability of residential complexes in terms of the effects of environmental quality. Three residential complexes – Aseman Tabriz, Shahid Chamran and Imam – which were constructed in different decades, were selected as case studies. This study is an applied research in terms of its objectives and employs a descriptive-analytical methodology. The data is collected through library and field research (observation, interview and questionnaire). The field data is obtained by distributing a questionnaire. The sample size was determined by the Cochran formula to be 300 people. The data is analyzed using the SPSS software. The SWOT matrix is also used to assess and analyze the samples. The components of livability are categorized into material and perceptual components by analyzing the levels of human life from the Islamic point of view. The results indicate that the environmental quality affects the livability of residential complexes in regard to the needs of human life. The environmental quality includes material (physical and environmental factors) and perceptual components (cultural, mental and social factors). The material components are the basic needs for living in a house and are necessary for human life, while the perceptual components are investigated in relation to meanings and human perception. Finally, it is found that mental factors have a greater impact on the livability of residential complexes. Given the investigations into the case studies (Aseman Tabriz, Shahid Chamran and Imam Residential Complexes) in terms of livability, the results suggest that failure to pay attention to material and perceptual components in residential spaces leads to the deterioration of residential complexes over time. Given the components of livability, Imam Residential Complex is vulnerable because of its failure in addressing some material and perceptual components. The livability of Chamran Complex is vulnerable due to the elimination of the role of perceptual components. Amongst the three case studies, Aseman Tabriz Complex has the components of livability. The livability of a complex can be observed through the presence within the space.

The purpose of the present study was to conduct a content analysis of the grades 2-6 Hedyehayeh Aseman textbooks in order to assess their consistency with core competencies of the national curriculum (reasoning, faith, science, practice, and ethics). The population of the study included grades 2-6 Hedyehayeh Aseman textbooks in academic year 2015-2016. A number of 1381 sentences of all such textbooks were content analyzed and Shannon entropy was used to calculate the frequency, information load, and significance coefficients. The results showed that the components of science, faith, reasoning, practice, and ethics had the frequency of 34.84, 20.2, 22.6, 14.85, and 7.53 percent, respectively. In these books, the highest significance coefficient was obtained for the component of practice (40%), while the lowest index was related to ethics (0.048). The frequency and significance of the ethical component was lower than expected. According to the national curriculum, an integrated approach should be adopted in the selection and organization of the content in the areas of science, practice and ethics so that the grounds for the attainment of knowledge of two basic competencies, i.e., reasoning and faith, are prepared. Due to the imbalanced distribution of some of the aforementioned five components in the content of the analyzed textbooks, it is suggested that more attention be paid to the elements with lowest significance and frequency.

The Iron Age in the Central Zagros is contemporaneous by Assyrians, Kassite’s states, and other tribes and their presence in this area.  Archaeological studies of this period, almost regardless of the presence of these States or groups, have only studied graveyards and burial methods and other findings from them. However, archaeological evidence and reliefs obtained from this area along with Assyrian cuneiform tablets show the strong presence of Assyrians and Kassites. However, this issue has received less attention in Iron Age studies, The Aseman-Abad intermountain plain is no exception. Despite being difficult to cross and its small area, this area is significant in terms of archaeological data of this period, because it is the link between the northern regions to southern regions of Central Zagros. In the survey of this area, several graveyards’ belonging to the Iron Age I-III were identified and surveyed. The study of the findings and works of these graveyard’s shows that they belong to semi-nomadic or nomadic groups that have been created near or along the banks of Aseman-Abad Rivers. The study, analysis, and comparison of the architecture of the tombs as well as the surface pottery of these graveyard’s, in addition to clarifying the situation of this region in the Iron Age, shows this era with other areas of the Central Zagros have a relationship and homogeneity. On the other hand, some pottery evidence indicates the presence of Kassite in this area after returning from Mesopotamia.

Cultural sustainability is based on improving the quality of life, preserving and transmitting lasting values. Cultural sustainability requires the identification of the cultural values of a nation and the impact and influence of global cultures; so that in addition to protecting its cultural identity, Coordinate with the conditions and needs of the time and improve the quality of life. Today''s housing has lost its cultural identity with the emergence of global cultures and ignoring local values, and by ignoring the concept of cultural sustainability, it has lacked the required quality of new housing. This research has tried to obtain a picture of the quality of residential complexes in Tabriz and to promote the cultural sustainability of residential spaces by considering the needs of the current generation in its cultural context.The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and its strategy is descriptive-analytical in the theoretical part and case study in the field part. In the theoretical part, after reaching the dimensions of cultural sustainability including cultural identity and cultural development, the indicators of cultural sustainability in architecture were explained with the influence of development components - exchange, evolution and change- on cultural values in architecture. In the field section, the evaluation of Aseman and Sattarkhan residential complexes was done in three residential scales, including the environment, building and residential unit, by observation and questionnaire. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed with Chi-Square and Fisher''s Exact tests. The analysis of the findings was done by comparing the average of the data by applying the coefficient, and their interpretation was done by the Prescott-Ellen method.The results of the comparison of the components of cultural sustainability between the two residential complexes show that the Aseman complex has an equal or higher score than the Sattar Khan complex in all components, except for the component of exchanging respect for the people. In the dimension of cultural development, the exchange of cultural values in residential complexes has been considered more than their evolution or change. In the dimension of cultural identity, the components of security and comfort, justice and equality, purity and honesty and unity and order have good sustainability and other components have moderate sustainability, which was suggested solutions to improve the sustainability of these components in residential complexes.

Due to the environmental and energy crises, sustainable and green architecture is one of the most popular topics today. In order to achieve sustainable construction, evaluation of buildings and construction standards are of particular importance. In Iran, in recent years, the nineteenth topic National regulations of Iran as a standard for optimizing energy consumption in buildings has received special attention. In this article, it has been tried to compare and adapt the criteria of this system with the criteria and topics of interest in the mentioned topic by choosing the German Building Evaluation System (DGNB) and identify the common and different areas in order to help in the development of national regulations and To reach the native system of evaluation of buildings.After them together, the mandatory criteria of topic 19 and the technical quality criteria of the DGNB system were examined in one of the prominent residential complexes of Tabriz (Aseman residential complex). Aseman residential complex was chosen due to the high level of satisfaction of the residents and its reputation in terms of quality in Tabriz and the design of one of the leading complexes in the country and especially in the province. In this investigation, according to the field observations and the available maps and executive documents, as well as interviews with the residents and the technical manager of the project facilities, it was found that despite the proper quality of the structure and facilities and the use of cooling and heating facilities with acceptable efficiency, important things such as smart , recycling and recovery, transportation infrastructure has been neglected. . This issue has caused this complex, in addition to not getting enough points in the technical quality of the DGNB system, many of the primary criteria of topic 19 have not been observed in it.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is considered one of the most important food sources of the people of the world, so that about 18 percent of the calories and 19 percent of the protein needed by humans are supplied from this grain. The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum is one of the most important pests of wheat in many parts of the world, including Iran, which causes a significant damage to this crop annually. Pest pre-infestation and measuring demographic parameters is one of the most common methods to find out induced resistance in host plants. Due to the environmental and health consequences of excessive spraying of pesticides in wheat fields, use of "induced resistance" as a biorational method, has received a lot of attention in wheat integrated pest management in recent years. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the induced responses of three wheat varieties to S. graminum and also to find the most suitable pre-infestation period to activate this reaction in host varieties.

The seeds of three wheat varieties (Kohdasht, Morvarid and Aseman) were planted in growth chamber conditions (temperature of 25±2 Cº, relative humidity of 60±5% and a photoperiod of 14:10 L: D). After the plants reached the two-leaf stage, 5 one-day old female apterus aphids were placed on them and they were allowed to feed for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days (the pre-infestation duration was considered as experimental treatment). After the desired pre-infestation duration, aphids were removed from the wheat plants and the plants were kept free of aphids for 48 hours. Then, the age-specific two-sex life table of aphid was made separately on the wheat plants corresponding to each variety and pre-infestation duration. 30 one-day-old first instar nymphs were used as a cohort and biological and demographic parameters of aphid were measured and compared using the paired bootstrap test.

Aseman variety had higher resistance to S. graminum compared to Morvarid and Kohdasht varieties, based on the values of demographic parameters. Due to aphid’s longer nymphal developmental time and mean generation time (T), shorter longevity and lower fecundity on Aseman variety, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) on this variety (0.245 1/day) was significantly lower than Morvarid and Kohdasht varieties (0.348 and 0.358 1/day, respectively). In all varieties, pre-infestation to aphid reduced the values of biological and demographic parameters, but the effective pre-infestation duration was different according to the variety and studied parameter. With increasing pre-infestation duration from 0 to 8 days, the nymphal developmental time increased, while fecundity and the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) decreased significantly. In Aseman, Morvarid and Kohdasht varieties, the rm decreased from 0.245 to 0.187, from 0.348 to 0.275 and from 0.385 to 0.335 1/day, respectively, while pre-infestation duration increased from 0 to 8 days. In Aseman variety, which was relatively more resistant to S. graminum, the nymphal developmental time and the intrinsic rate increase (rm) changed significantly after a 2-days pre-infestation period, while aphid’s fecundity changed significantly after a 6-days pre-infestation duration. In Morvarid variety, nymphal developmental time, female fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase changed significantly after 6, 4 and 2-days pre-infestation durations, respectively. In all three varieties, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), as the most important demographic parameter, was changed significantly after a 2-days pre-infestation time.

The demographic response of S. graminum on the studied varieties was different and Aseman variety had higher relative resistance to wheat green aphid. In all three varieties, the pre-infestation of wheat plants with aphids led to induced resistance in them and reduced the biological and demographic potential of green aphid. Because of showing the appropriate induction reaction to S. graminum, planting Kohdasht (is recommended as a resistant variety to pathogenic fungi and suitable for cultivation in dry and semi-arid drylands) and Morvarid (a variety resistant to pathogenic fungi for planting in humid and plain areas) varieties can help to reduce the population of this aphid and increase wheat production in these areas. The results of this research can be useful in identifying resistance sources and mechanisms and implementation of integrated management of aphid in wheat fields of Iran.

Although housing as a human resort and shelter has provided a proper physical and spatial context for improving human relations at family and neighborhood levels since long ago, today, the role of housing has declined due to the large number of residential complexes and the development of life style in apartments. Recently, the changes led by social developments and the changes of social institutions such as families, have transformed many vivid and latent functions of social phenomena, one of which occurs in the elderly period (Khashei, 2006: 2). According to the latest records of the Statistical Center of Iran in 2016, 7 million and 450 thousand elderly people live in the country, and in 2050, the elderly will comprise about 30% of our country's population (Mojnews, 2018). The feeling of loneliness is a widespread and pervasive phenomenon, affecting 25 to 50 percent of the total population over the age of 65 in terms of age and gender (Heravi Karimavi et al., 2008: 3). The elderly people over the age of 65 have a special need to socialize. Apart from the physical and psychological limitations, this group of people fail to communicate with the surrounding community to meet their needs due to the social inefficiencies. Therefore, they suffer from being separated from their families and the society, and any attempt made to abolish their feeling of loneliness is a barrier against the complicated problems of the elderly people. In fact, increasing their social contacts helps promoting their mental and social health (Mohammadzadeh, 2015: 2). Reducing sociability also creates many problems in people’s relationships, reduces their sense of belonging to the place and decreases security. It also creates other problems that are resulted from ignoring the declining quality of collective life in housing, especially for the elderly group. At the same time, meeting and talking to each other is pleasant for the elderly people. They can contact or encounter each other by having a conversation, a greeting, or just smiling at each other. Consequently, socializing can make a big change in people’s lives, especially for those introverted people who communicate more with the outside world. These social interactions are necessary for inducing public happiness, and are the central part of people's quality of life (Zabetian & Taghvaee, 2009: 4). Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the social needs of the elderly and to promote the sociability of the space for this group. The present research aims at explaining the sociability of residential complexes in Tabriz and evaluating the indicators of sociability in four case studies. It seeks to answer the following two basic questions: What are the most important indicators of sociability for the elderly in residential complexes in Tabriz? And what is the level of sociability for the elderly in the four cases studied? Having explained the housing sociability indicators for the elderly, obtained by combining the sociability indicators of regular housing and the elderly housing, the authors evaluated the indicators of sociability in people over the age of 65 in Sattarkhan, Aseman, Allame Amini and Sepidar residential complexes. After comparing the sociability of the elderly in these complexes, the most important dependent indicators affecting the independent indicator of sociability in each complex were explained. Today, the sociability of residential complexes is very important for the elderly who need to have social relationships and spend most of their time at home. The present research is conducted with the aim of explaining the physical sociability of residential complexes for the elderly group in Tabriz, and the indicators are evaluated by causal-comparative method. In this research, 4 residential complex from 4 districts of Tabriz were selected to be studied. Field research was also conducted on the elderly over the age of 65 in the four selected complexes to measure the indicators obtained from the previous step. In this regard, a simple random sampling by Cochran's formula in the statistical population of 313 people limited the size of the group to 172 people. Thereafter, a closed questionnaire and non-participatory observation were used. The questionnaires were analyzed by variance, regression methods and by calculating the average scores in the observations. According to the variance analysis, Sattarkhan, Aseman, Sepidar and Allame Amini complexes had higher scores of sociability for the elderly, respectively. According to the regression analysis of the questionnaires, various hangouts in Sattarkhan complex; the landscape in Aseman complex; disposition opportunities in Allame Amini complex; and various activities in Sepidar complex were of higher priority. Based on the results obtained from the observations, sitting space, welfare facilities, natural elements, appropriate furniture and access in the area in Sattarkhan complex; nature, and decorative elements in Aseman complex; safety and pedestrian pavement, and proper access in Sepidar complex; and welfare facilities in Allame Amini complex were of higher priority. Eventually, solutions were offered to improve the sociability of residential complexes for the elderly based on the overall summary in the four selected complexes.