The aim of this study was to model suitable habitats and suggest conservation implications for Dice snake (Natrix tessellata) in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. In this research, the maximum entropy algorithm was used to predict distribution of suitable habitats of the species across the province. The AUC value for modeling of distribution of suitable habitats obtained 0.90. Based on the results, less than three percent of the province (about 400 km2) was estimated as the highly suitable habitat (<0.6). While it seems that most of the distribution range of the species was located in the central regions of the province, but its desirable habitats can be seen in all of the counties of province. Also, about 7.60% (30.33 km2) of highly suitable habitats (<0.6) of this species is covered by the conservation network (including protected areas and no-hunting areas). The variables of distance to river (38.8%), altitude (17.1%), distance to agricultural lands (14.2%), and distance to forest areas (8.9%) had the highest contribution (79%) in the modeling of distribution of suitable habitats of Dice snake. Finally, conservation implications for management and conservation of Dice snake was presented.

The dice snake, Natrix tessellata belongs to the family Colubridae is a semiaquatic and diurnal snake lives in most zones of Iran . This study was conducted in order to the study of the female reproductive biology of this species from early April to November, 2012 in Mazandaran Province. Sixty three samples were collected diurnally by hand and net from four stations: Ab-Bandansar Fish Farming Pond, Shahid Zare Forest Park, Sari’s rice farms and Tajan River. The samples were anaesthetized by chloroform and after morphological and biometrical studies, were sectioned and their stomach, ovaries and oviducts were studied. The results shows that females start their activity and reproduction from early April after hibernation. The ovogenesis starts at early April, increased from mid May to late June. The oogenesis decreased from late July and ended in August. The oviposition occurs in late spring and early summer and juveniles are observed abundantly, from early August to September.

Natrix tessellata is a water-dependent species, many of which live near rivers rich in fish. This research has accomplished about N.tessellata population of Sari city in Mazandaran province, from 4th April till 6th November (2012) collected 57 male specimens from 4 sites (Abbandankash the fishpond, Tajan river, rice paddies of Sari city environs, National forest of Zaare), also they gathered by hand for the study about them reproduction, dietary conditions, metric and meristic traid as diurnal patrols. It occurs the dice snakes in the altitude of 30 meters (upper sea level) till 700 meters in the rice paddies around of Zaare national forest ranges. So the recently results shown that their length is between 34-68 cm, and tail length is 11-16 cm, and in the meristic traits researching the ventral scales were 169-183 and sub caudal scales were 60-78 and dorsal scales were 19 in the all of specimens. Vernal activity occurs in the spring season that weather would become warm and would rise during 9 am till 19 pm, but in the summer their morning activity is from 8 am till 13 pm, and evening from 17 pm till 20 pm also never seen nocturnal activities during this research. The sperm numbers beginning of spermatogenesis middle of June (almost 5th) and reach the maximum gradually middle of August and September.

Kangavar County is located in the eastern regions of Kermanshah Province. Since the herpetofauna of Kangavar County is rich, and no biosystematics studies have already been done in this region, the aim of the present study is to investigate the faunistic of snakes in this area. The study area is located in the western margin of the Iranian Plateau between 34°30' N and 47°58' E. All specimens were collected from different regions of Kangavar County during the survey from 2014 to 2015 by a snake Tongs stick grabber 120 cm, and sometimes, by Hook stick. Specimens were identified according to Latifi (2000) and Leviton et al. (1992). The collected specimens represented seven species, six genera and four families including the family Colubridae: Collared Dwarf Racer Eirenis collaris, Dotted Dwarf Racer, Eirenis punctatolineatus; Dice snake, Natrix tessellata; Zebra Snake, Spalerosophis microlepis; the family Typhlopidae:Greek Blind snake, Typhlops vermicularis;thefamily Lamprophiidae: Eastern Montpellier Snake, Malpolon insignitus; and the familyViperidae:Levantine Viper, Macrovipera lebetina. Among the identified species, Malpolon insignitus is semi-venomous and Macrovipera lebetina is venomous. The current study recorded seven species belonging to six genera and four families (Colubridae, Viperidae, Typhlopidae and Lamprophiidae) in Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province. The Colubridae with four species showed the highest diversity among the families represented.

Adolescent is a unique period during the life cycle. Knowing about the suitable nutrition in this period would prevent from a lot of diseases related to the nutrition during the adulthood. But unfortunately in recent decades we have observed having unsuitable snaking in adolescents. This study aimed to determine the quality of snaking in adolescents 12-18 years old in one of district of Tehran, Iran. Methods & Materials: This study is a descriptive cross sectional research with the purpose of determining the quality of snaking in adolescents 12-18years old at 17 districts in Tehran city. The samples were 907 students that including the Iranian girls and boys who were 12-18 years old and educating in one of the guidance school or high schools of the district 17 in Tehran city. The instrument was a questionnaire and interview the data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that majority of students 35.1% were 14-16 years old, 52.8% were boys, 26.1% were educating in the first year of high school. 71/5% had 1-3 sisters or brothers and also the majority of students had natural BMI, 28% were having fried potato and cheese puff over than moderate level as snaking 46% were having snaking daily. Less than half of the studied cases 46.7% believe that having snaking is necessary 56.9% had sometimes snaking. Chi2 test and p<0.05 showed a significant relationship between some of demographic variables with snaking in adolescents. The result showed that type, time and number of snaking were not suitable and it is necessary to teach the students and their parents more about matter.

Introduction & In recent years the use of diced cartilage grafts in rhinoplasty have been considered by most plastic surgeons. For preventing dispersion of diced cartilages، many authors recommend the use of various wrapping such as temporalis fascia، surgicel or alloderm to cover diced cartilage grafts. The aim of this study is to compare the absorption rate and viability of cartilage autograft between two groups of unwrapped and fascia wrapped diced cartilage graft. In this study، 15 rabbits، of age between 12 to 16 weeks of age were used. One ear of each rabbit was excised and denuded of skin and perichondrium، then it was divided into two equal pieces and were diced. One group of the grafts were covered by rabbit fascia Lata and the other group left was without coverage. Two subcutaneous pockets were created on each side of lumbar vertebrae. After precise weighing of specimens، wrapped and unwrapped diced cartilages were implanted into separate pockets on the each side rabbit vertebra coloumn. After 12 weeks، the grafts were removed and weighed precisely and samples were stained with H&E and were examined histologically by pathologit. The absorption rate of fascia wrapped diced cartilage grafts was significantly more than the case of unwrapped diced cartilage grafts (P-value < 0. 001). Unwrapped diced cartilage graft had some growth، but it wasn’t statistically significant (P-value = 0. 09). New cartilage formation in the unwrapped group was significantly more than the case of fascia wrapped group (P-value = 0. 001). But in terms of cartilage integrity، cartilage viability، fibrosis and ossification no significant difference was found between two groups. Our study objectively proves that wrapping around implanted diced cartilage graft may act as a barrier and impedes nutrients to reach to the chondrocytes. Since there was no resorption in the unwrapped diced cartilage group، we recommend it as a good method for restoring profile in rhinoplasty surgery.

Diced rib cartilage is an acceptable option in severe nasal deformities. We present our preliminary experience in KAMC in nasal septoplasties using the autologous diced costal cartilage. This is a retrospective study of the 22 cases who needed the autologous diced costal cartilage in our centre in 4 years. All our patients needed autologous diced rib cartilages. Twelve were wrapped with temporalis fascia, eight needed rectus fascia and perichondrium was used in only 2 cases. The naso-frontal angle for the whole series decreased by a mean of 4.41° (p=0.008) for the group using the rectus fascia diced cartilage graft. From the aesthetic point of view, all cases were satisfied except 3 (13.6%); two in the group of diced cartilage temporalis fascia; group 1. From the functional breathing view, only 1 case was not satisfied. He was in group 1. Autologous rib cartilage was shown to be a good graft in nasal septoplasty especially if wrapped with rectus fascia.

Play is often episodic and mission-centric, with a series of challenges culminating in a final puzzle or enemy that must be overcome. Multiple missions played with the same characters may be related to each other in a plot arc of escalating challenges. The exact tone, structure, pace and end (if any) vary from game to game depending on the needs and preferences of the players, as in [9]. «THE CHANCE ELEMENT in thousands of indoor games is introduced by a variety of simple random-number generators. The most popular of such devices, ever since the time of ancient Egypt, have been cubical Dice. Cubical, Because of their symmetry, any of the five regular solids can be and have been used as gaming dice, but the cube has certain obvious advantages over the other four solids. It is the easiest to make, its six sides accommodate a set of numbers neither too large nor too small, and it rolls easily enough but not too easily», as in [1], [2]. In our proposed Dice Finder game problem, user can see the different dice number''s on screen from 1 to 6. Using the property of Dice that “Opposite sides of a dice add up to seven”, user has to find that correct number of dice out all of that, for which one condition is true.

The epic poem "The Dice Player” by Mahmoud Darwish, a poet of Palestinian resistance movement, has been published in his last poetical work entitled "I don’t want this poem goes to the end". The Dice Player reveals the poet's perspective toward fundamental concepts of existence. The components of contextual structure can be achieved through stylistic analysis of this poetry at linguistic literary and philosophical levels.The style of Mahmoud Darwish has gone through a number of creative periods, from very catchy texts to highly complex word constructs charged with myth and symbolism. The epic poem "The Dice Player" combines the best of both periods and styles. The current paper, first, gives a brief description about style and follows with the stylistic analysis of "the Dice Player" which in stark contrast to its simplicity and clearness, is overshadowed in vagueness especially in its philosophical level. The most sophisticated feature of its style markers are symbolization and intertextuality of religious texts and myths.

A morphological study of the short sea snake, Lapemis curtus was carried out. Two specimens of L. curtus were collected during fieldwork in vast area of west of the Chabahar Bay Mouth (Gulf of Oman) in 2011 A list of new important identification morphological characteristics of this species is also provided. The sea snakes are comprised of at least two groups: (1) Laticauda, which spend much of their life at sea but come on land to lay their eggs, and like terrestrial snakes have fully developed ventral scales, and (2) hydrophiid, the viviparous and fully aquatic “true” sea snakes, which have many morphological adaptations to a fully marine life (Keogh, 1998). While Rasmussen et al. 2011) has stated that the taxonomic status of the sea snakes is still under review and no general agreement exists at the moment. Traditionally, sea snakes have been regarded as one family, Hydrophiidae, with Laticauda as the most primitive genus. Sea snakes occur in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans from the east coast of Africa to the Gulf of Panama. Most species are found in the China Sea, Indonesia, and the Australian region. They have also been found in lakes in Thailand, Cambodia, the Philippines, and the Rennell Island (Rasmussen, 2001). Many species of sea snakes are recorded from different regions of Persian Gulf. Studies on sea snakes tend to be poor because of logistic difficulties inherent in sampling them (Palot and Radhakrishnan, 2010). Lapemis curtus (Shaw, 1802) is a moderate sized (up to 900mm) venomous sea snake distributed from the Southwest Pacific to the Persian Gulf (De Silva, 2011). As the identification of sea snakes to the species level is very difficult, morphological characters are very important for identification of this sea snake in the area.