Reconstruction of nasal dorsum following excisional rhinoplasty has been a challenging problem. The nasal dorsum has special characteristics that could not be easily restored by lateral osteotomies. The present article introduces a new surgical technique for reconstruction of nasal dorsum after excisional rhinoplasty named underlay grafting for reconstruction of nasal dorsum. Fifteen patients underwent the new surgical technique and followed for 18 months. The new surgical technique could effectively restore the natural characteristics of nasal dorsum. None of the patients showed any evidence of postoperative decreased competency of internal valves. The new surgical technique seems to be reliable to reconstruct the nasal dorsum following excision of a large hump.

In order to evaluate the effects of planting density of bean cultivars on competitive ability with weeds, this field experiment was arranged as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Tobacco Research Institute of Rasht, Iran, in 2017. Treatments included five cultivars of bean (Akhtar, Derakhshan, Yaghout, Dorsa and Shokoufa) and three planting densities (15, 25 and 35 plant.m-2 in weedy conditions). The results showed that all evaluated characteristics were affected by cultivar, density or interaction of two factors except for plant height. Dorsa and Shokofa cultivars resulted in the highest and lowest secondary branch number per plant and pod number per plant respectively. The highest nod number per plant was showed at densities of 25 and 35 for Yaghout cultivar, and at 25 plants.m-2 for Dorsa cultivar. Also these cultivars showed the highest grain number per pod. Derakhshan among other varieties, produced the highest pod length and plant dry weight. Derakhshan and Dorsa cultivars had the highest plant fresh weight at densities of 15 and 25 plants.m-2. Maximum 100-grain weight observed in the Derakhshan cultivar. Among all cultivars, Yaghout cultivar (averaged on three densities) produced the highest grain yields. Secondary branch number per plant and Grain number per pod of bean cultivars were higher in densities of 25 and 35 than 15 plants.m-2. In general, it seems that suitable red and white bean cultivars for planting in this region based on yield, are Yaghout and Dorsa.

Wart is a common skin disease, and 8% of patients referred to dermatologists suffer from warts. To compare the efficacy of intralesional injections of bleomycin with normal saline in treatment of common resistant warts on palms and dorsum of hands. Patients & This study was a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial on 34 patients with common warts on palms and dorsum of their hands. These patients were randomly divided into two groups: 18 patients were treated with intralesional injections of bleomycin and 16 patients were treated with intralesional injections of normal saline. After 3 weeks of treatment, patients were evaluated and in case of unresponsiveness the second injection with the same medication was attempted. This group was visited again 3 weeks later and finally response to treatment ad possible complications were evaluated. In bleomycin group 88.9% and in normal saline group 56.3% remitted (Fisher’s exact test, P<0.05). Intralesional bleomycin is an effective and low risk treatment of common resistant warts on palms and dorsum of hands.

Irregularity of the dorsum is one of the common complications in rhinoplasty. Today, various methods are used to correct the irregularity of dorsum. This study was conducted to determine the effects of using Buccal Fat pad on dorsum changes.

In a randomized clinical trial, 20 patients undergoing primary rhinoplasty with open technique were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. In intervention groups, after the end of the osteotomy and before the skin is sutured, A layer of buccal fat was placed on the dorsum and fixed. In the control group dorsum region without the use of buccal fat was sutured. Both groups followed for six months and were assessed regarding, dorsum changes and satisfaction of dorsum aesthetic.

In the intervention and control groups, the mean age of patients was 26.60 ±3.92 and 25.90 ±4.38 years, respectively (P = 0.711). In terms of gender, 70% of patients in the intervention group and 80% in the control group were women. The frequency of nasal asymmetry, nasal depression, dorsum narrowing, step and nasal width in the intervention and control groups were 20% and 50% (P = 0.350). The mean score of patient satisfaction and surgeon satisfaction with the beauty of the bridge of the nose in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05).

Using Buccal Fat pad on dorsum during primary rhinoplasty, in addition to reducing changes in dorsum, increases the satisfaction of dorsum beauty.

In order to investigate the impact of foliar Zn application in reducing the negative effects of water stress on bean growth and yield, a field experiment was carried out in the Research Field of Ilam University in 2011. The experiment was arranged in split factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors were water stress including water withholding at flowering, water withholding at pod formation and control (full irrigation) as main plot, and the factorial of Zn application levels including; 0, 2000 and 4000 ppm and two bean cultivars including; Akhtar and Dorsa as sub-plots. Results showed that water stress significantly reduced grain yield and the lowest grain yield obtained from water stress at flowering stage. The highest(3163.6 kg/ha) grain yield achieved by Zn application with 4000 ppm concentration. There was a significant difference between cultivars in different treatments and in overall Dorsa with 3846.4 kg/ha produced the highest grain yield. According to the results the most sensitive stage of bean plants to water stress is flowering stage and Zn application with a concentration of at least 4000 ppm can improve plant tolerance to water deficit.

Marketers and researchers have attracted to luxury bands in recent years. This paper is discussing the factors that affect purchase intention of luxury brands by applying the generalized theory of planned behavior. This research is in the field of applied research and is a descriptive one. Statistical population of this research, are consumers of Dorsa Leather brand in Tehran. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires among 390 Dorsa Leather consumers by cluster sampling method.The Data was analyzed by structural equations with partial least squares approach. Furthermore, SPSS and Smart PLS software were utilized for analyzing process. The result indicates that attitude, perceived behavioral control and group conformity are the main factors that tend to influence purchase intention of luxury brands. Meanwhile, according to the result, subjective norms and face-saving have no significant effect on purchase intention. The variables of face-saving and group conformity had positive and significant impact on attitude and they also have positive and significant impact on purchase intention through attitude.

Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant trait, leading to midface deficiency, undeveloped orbits, short nasal dorsum, and exophthalmos as the typical clinical features. Early correction of craniofacial problems can improve patients’ quality of life, but many of these patients with Crouzon syndrome are seeking treatment in older ages when they are missed for multidisciplinary management and distraction technique in proper timing. Modified LeFort III osteotomy is one of the treatment options that can be used for proper resolution in adult patients. The present case report study aims to describe a patient with midface deficiency due to the Crouzon syndrome who has undergone a combination of modified LeFort III osteotomy with the periocular approach and LeFort I osteotomy, nasal dorsum augmentation accompanied by genioplasty, wholly as a single surgical procedure which has been shown that can result in highly satisfactory outcomes for both patient and surgeon.

We used the irradiated homograft rib cartilage as an augmentation tip support and Medpore alloplast for reconstruction of the dorsum in patients with saddle nose deformities. Thereafter, the safety and efficiency of this method was evaluated to determine if this can be a safe and efficient technique for patients with saddle nose deformities. A total of 32 patients who suffered from saddle nose deformities due to past trauma or aggressive rhinoplasty underwent reconstruction using the Medpor prosthesis for dorsum reconstruction and irradiated rib cartilage as acolumellar strut during the same technique. After at least one year follow up, patients’ satisfaction and their aesthetic indexes were evaluated and compared with preoperative results. More than 84% of patients were satisfied from the results of the surgery and only one patient had a complication of the infection which resulted in removal of the prosthesis. There were statistically significant differences between most of the pre- and postoperative aesthetic indexes. Despite the superiority of autogenous material in nose reconstruction, lack of such materials in revision rhinoplasty cases present challenges to surgeons. This study proposes the safety and efficiency of the Medpor alloplast for reconstruction of the dorsum and irradiated rib cartilage for the tip, at least for a short period of time.

In orthodontic science, diagnosis of facial skeletal type (class I, II, and III) is essential to make the correct treatment plan that is usually expensive and complicated. Sometimes results from analysis of lateral cephalometry radiographies are not enough to discriminate facial skeletal types. In this situation, knowledge about the relationship between the shape and size of the sella turcica and the type of facial skeletal class can help to make a more definitive decision for treatment plan.. The present study was designed to investigate this relationship in patients referred to a dental school in Iran..Patients and In this descriptive-analytical study, cephalometric radiographies of 90 candidates for orthodontic treatment (44 females and 46 males) with an age range of 14 - 26 years and equal distribution in terms of class I, class II, and class III facial skeletal classification were selected. The shape, length, diameter, and depth of the sella turcica were determined on the radiographs. Linear dimensions were assessed by one-way analysis of variance while the correlation between the dimensions and age was investigated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.. Sella turcica had normal morphology in 24.4% of the patients while irregularity (notching) in the posterior part of the dorsum sella was observed in 15.6%, double contour of sellar floor in 5.6%, sella turcica bridge in 23.3%, oblique anterior wall in 20% and pyramidal shape of the dorsum sella in 11.1% of the subjects. In total, 46.7% of class I patients had a normal shape of sella turcica, 23.3% of class II patients had an oblique anterior wall and a pyramidal shape of the dorsum sella, and 43.3% of class III individuals had sella turcica bridge (the greatest values). Sella turcica length was significantly greater in class III patients compared to class II and class I (P < 0.0001). However, depth and diameter of sella turcica were similar in class I, class II, and class III patients. Furthermore, age was significantly correlated to the diameter of sella turcica as greater diameters were observed in older ages (P < 0.04).. A significant relationship exists between the type of facial skeletal classification and the shape of the sella turcica; as in class III patients, sella turcica bridge was reported with a higher frequency. Also, sella turcica had a significantly higher length in these patients than in those with class I and class II facial skeletal types..

Bean anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most important bean diseases in Iran. In this study, the presence of disease resistance genes was investigated using SCAR primers in 12 Iranian bean cultivars. Also, disease symptoms were evaluated based on the disease severity index in the greenhouse condition. Amplification of SCAR markers SAS13, SY20, SZ04 and SB12 indicated the presence of Co-42, Co-4, Co-6 and Co-9 resistant genes respectively. Cultivars Akhtar, Derakhshan, Almas, Talash and Koosha contained Co-42, Co-4 and Co-6 resistance gene revealed by amplification of SBB14, SC08 and SZ20 markers accordingly. Co-42 gene was detected in Goli and Naz cultivars and Co-4 and Co-42 genes were present in Pak, Sadri and Khomein cultivars. Co-42 gene that is linked to SH18 marker was observed in Dorsa and Shokofa cultivars. The presence of Co-2 resistance gene was observed only in Almas cultivar. Co-5 gene linked to SAB3 marker was only observed in the related differential cultivars. Phenotypic evaluation for disease symptoms showed that out of 12 cultivars studied, four (Naz, Almas, Dorsa and Shokofa) showed resistance reaction and two (Akhtar and Goli) were moderately resistant. Based on the disease severity index, these cultivars were considered relatively resistant. Simultaneous analysis of molecular and phenotypic data showed that only the two markers of SQ4 and SH18 succeeded in band amplification in resistant cultivars Diamond, Shokofa and Dorsa. The results of this study will be of help in producing resistant bean cultivars to anthracnose disease by resistance gene pyramiding.