While critics have recognized research on drug-related legislation in plans Adverse impact on the prevention of crime and drug regulatory review. In the present study was to gather information on the background and theoretical foundations Of books and technical papers, theses, and Internet sites are used. The disparity between sentences for drug crimes together, Despite some flaws and ambiguities in the current drug law against such mismatch of fines set for the perpetrators of drug crimes Considering the profits of crime by drug traffickers, Without considering penalties for dealing and trafficking of seed and seed capsules of the opium poppy and coca leaves and seeds of cannabis with intent to manufacture or drugs Giving back drug carrier vehicle to its owner Low and negligible levels of punishment prescribed for drug retailers in the Act Failure to predict the punishment for drug crimes in cyberspace And many other legal objections, Causing lack of effectiveness in preventing anti-drug law enforcement and drug offenses in the country, Therefore, by removing legal obstacles and problems Police would be a positive step in the prevention of crime and drug withdrawal.

The criminal justice system detects crimes and convicts the defendants by gathering evidence and holding a trial for controlling the crime. It is generally assumed that the convicted persons are factual criminals. However, some convicted persons are innocent. Main causes for wrongful conviction of the innocent are related to numerous and consistent errors and misconducts of police and judicial actors (prosecutors, police, investigators, and judges). Given the prominent features of drug crime's evidences - whether in law or in practice - are more likely to occur error and convict the innocent person than other crimes. In this qualitative study and by using case study method (29 samples) the prevailing factors that lead to miscarriages of justice (wrongful conviction and wrong arrest) in drug crimes were analyzed. According to the research findings, the main evidence of drug crimes for prosecuting and convicting is the detection of drug in possession of suspect; If the drug is discovered in someone's possession, it will be very difficult to prove innocence.The importance of analyzing the wrongful conviction in drug crimes is increasing with a significant number of death penalty in this crimes. Even if the number of wrongful conviction in drug crimes is very low, the legitimacy for the death penalty in these crimes will be more questionable than ever. Determining death penalty in the crimes that don’t even have a religious obligation for punishment and its specific type (execution), more and more undermine the legitimacy of this punishment. One of the main consequences of existing wrongful conviction in the criminal justice system is the abolition of irrecoverable punishments such as death penalty.

Purpose of this study is to identify the centers of crime and their impact on preventing drug crimes within the city of Birjand in 1392.the research is in applied format and the study after an event method is used. In the study the population as a whole including all the cases of drug crimes has been studied from March 1392 to February 1392 within the city of Birjand. Statistical methods, analysis , graphics software packages office and Geographic Information System were used in order to spatial-temporal analysis. The needed Data and information were gathered through library research methods, use of global Internet network and field operations have been conducted. According to the studies most of drug-related crime hotspots in the city of Birjand are located in the central region north of the city. It was found that the physical modification of the historical context is essential to prevent drug crimes in Birjand.

Targeted combat against drugs and organized drug crimes within the country's internal sphere and the domestic security environment requires the identification of a pattern in this area. This identification will not only enhance domestic security in the law enforcement domain but also facilitate appropriate policymaking and implementation. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and employed thematic analysis. The participants consisted of twelve experts from operational, law enforcement, and academic fields (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, National Police Command, professors from National Defense University with years of experience in policy-making and law enforcement). They were selected through snowball sampling. MAXQDA software was used for data analysis. The dimensions influencing domestic security in the field of organized drug crimes are presented in three dimensions: 1) Interagency collaborations in the establishment of domestic security, 2) Interaction and cooperation in law enforcement mission areas, and 3) Exchange of information regarding criminal activities of drug trafficking gangs and organized drug crimes, along with seven identified components. The final results of this research led to the identification and enumeration of factors that affect domestic security, with an emphasis on law enforcement in combating organized drug crimes. Attention to these aspects is effective in formulating counteractive laws and fostering effective cooperation in the realm of law enforcement against organized drug crimes

Drug crimes, regardless of the economic consequences, have threatened public and individual health and determined the international community to combat them effectively. Therefore, in the laws in question, confiscation of property is considered as a punishment for criminals of drug crimes; while from a jurisprudential point of view, this punishment has faced challenges. The findings of the present study performed using descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources show that the legislator has accepted the confiscation of property as a punishment for some drug crimes in article 18 of the Law on Medical and Pharmaceutical and Food and Beverage Regulations. According to jurisprudence, although man has the right of ownership over his property and assets, it does not mean he is absolute owner. According to special circumstances and assuming the existence of public interests, this right can be ignored in the form of confiscation of property provided that other deterrents to committing drug offenses are not applicable.

Different communities have been involved with the dangers of drugs from long ago, and the variety of the drugs is increasing day by day; especially when the drugs became industrial, and new drug called “psychedelic drug” was created with the various effects on the individuals’ mind and will. Hence, different legal systems deal with different types of crimes   related to these drugs with different approaches. The criminal policy governing drug crimes primarily focuses on the government's responses, both criminal and non- criminal, but the role of organs and NGOs is significant in the field of prevention and treatment of non-drug responses. The relative decimation of addiction, the participation of NGOs in the treatment of drug addicts and the drug rehabilitation, the perpetrator of industrial psychotropic drugs, and the reduction of the confiscation of the perpetrator’s entire property to the property derived from crime, cooperation with the other countries in the prosecution of drug crimes, the guarantee for the implementation of the cancellation of the passport for perpetrators and the intensification of the punishment of the heads and perpetrators of drug crimes from the cases of the 2010 Amendment of the Counter Narcotics Law, have the influenced of the general anti-narcotics policies adopted in 2006, as well as international documents. Contrary to Iran pathology approach, it is possible to use social and non-repressive punishments for some minor drug crimes in the UK's legal system.

The main field of this research is the use of scientific achievements with a specific structure in the detection of crimes, and the final goal is to design a strategic model for the scientific detection of drug crimes in order to answer the question, what is the strategic model for the scientific detection of drug crimes? This is an applied and developmental research that was carried out using a mixed approach in both quantitative and qualitative stages. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative phase is 10 experts in the fight against drugs and in the quantitative phase 100 experts, commanders, university professors and judges. The participants were randomly selected in the qualitative phase of the purposive sampling approach and in the quantitative phase. The tool for collecting research data in the qualitative phase was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire. Friedman's test was used to determine priority. The findings of the research show that the design of a model for the scientific discovery of drug crimes is a necessity and the significant relationship between the specified dimensions and components was proven with a high coefficient. The final result of determining the pattern of scientific detection of drug crimes based on the research findings and the necessity of equipping and coordinating the activists fighting against drugs is the use of scientific methods that confirm the alignment of the dimensions, components and indicators used in the pattern with high significance.

Nowadays, drug crimes have been recognized as one of the criminal acts whose effects generally affect the community, so in order to have a fair trial, the principle of innocence was considered in the process of investigating drug crimes. Given the rule of ethics over the law and their two-way relationship, it is necessary to have special requirements governing the institution of crime detection in drug crimes. The purpose of this study is to determine the ethical-legal requirements of the principle of innocence of the institutions of the criminal justice system in the process of investigating drug crimes. The present research is a part of applied research in terms of purpose and has been studied in terms of data collection method through documentary and library methods.

Regarding the crimes under discussion, we have witnessed the precedence of criminality over the principle of innocence in cases such as poppy and coca cultivation, confiscation of means of transportation, confiscation and confiscation of drug traffickers' property. From the perspective of criminal psychology, the individual factors influencing the occurrence of the crime are important, which supervises the accused and includes the police force. From the point of view of criminal psychology, the personality of the accused of drug crimes and his personal characteristics in the occurrence of the crime are considered.

Recent studies show that the sites and networks in cyberspace have become a safe haven for propagandists, promoters and distributors of various drugs and have faced many problems for the police and responsible agencies. The present research method was mixed and exploratory. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the study included the experts of the Anti-Narcotics Police and the Alborz Fatwa Police, 11 of whom had reached theoretical saturation, and in a small part included all the anti-narcotics staff and the Fatwa Police working in the provincial police command. Alborz and 81 people who were selected as members of the statistical sample using full sampling method. In the present study, MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative data and SPSS software was used for descriptive and inferential analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire. The findings showed that important effective dimensions regarding the prevention of drug crimes in cyberspace can be presented in the form of 3 dimensions: 1- Empowering the police, 2- Positive preventive measures and 3- Negative preventive measures. Also, 8 components and 40 indicators that are involved in the prevention of drug crimes in cyberspace were identified and determined. The results showed that all the identified dimensions are effective in preventing drug crimes in cyberspace and have a positive and significant role. Finally, the findings of the present study led to the drawing of a pattern of drug crime prevention in cyberspace.

Determining the nature of crimes in substantive law will always be a criterion for how to apply formal regulations to certain crimes and by determining the nature of the crimes, the legal prohibitions on the application of compassionate institutions to the perpetrators are correctly identified and the dispersal of votes in the judiciary regarding some criminals is prevented in this regard, drug crimes are a clear example of crimes due to the unclear nature of them how to apply formal regulations and sometimes the application of benevolent institutions to them is problematic and changing the nature of these crimes in the legislative process before and after the revolution and especially the reformed laws after the revolution doubled this problem. Changing the nature of drug crimes from deterrent to ta'zir and the imposition of a limited punishment on some of these crimes that this crime took on a multiple nature and according to the research conducted in the laws of Iran and Afghanistan was determined this crime has followed a single path in Afghan law and by knowing it as ta'zir, it has eliminated such problems whereas in Iranian law, the mentioned offense has both the nature of an unspecified religious ta'zir and a limit