To dwell means belonging to a real place, with dwelling and its qualitative concepts being among prerequisites of humanity. One of the impasses of contemporary cities, however, is the influx of people incapable of acquiring proper, quality dwellings, and thereby altering existing spaces to suit their needs with their own dwelling styles prevailing. Because of the importance of the concept of dwelling and the increasing growth of self-grown dwellings, and in order to establish clear scientific bases for the realistic planning of such dwellings, it is necessary to study how dwellings are realised. The present text, therefore, is after identifying the characteristics and aspects of dwelling concepts and methods in self-grown dwellings based on research experiences in this field.
The paper is based on a fresh qualitative recognition of the aspects and styles of the lived experience of people living in these dwellings, using a descriptive-analytical method based on logico-scientific reasoning. It starts with a study of the concept of dwelling, its relation with culture, self-growing dwelling and its characteristics. It then continues with a thorough study of relevant researches in Costaricca, Indonesia, the Occupied Palestine, Spain, Egypt, Brazil, Mexico, and Pakistan, through which the concept of self-grown dwelling is introduced. The results show a consistency in dwelling-related behaviours and public spaces of these cases, which is based on their unique characteristics and limits, yielding social assets and collective identities, holding dwellers together like a big family with strong social solidarity, stimulating a sense of support, and helping individuals achieving their goals against the burdens imposed by the greater society.  The analyses of the research finds the following as implicating the concept of dwelling: the spatially oriented collective identity, spatial identification, collective wisdom based on consensus, domestic security, spatial isolationism, the collective social asset, the security of occupation, cultural fusion, higher dwelling satisfaction, social power, introvert collective space, the transparency of inter-group relations, social trust, cultural dynamism, and spatial association.

development of countryside dwelling always was one of the important disturbance of the politicians & programmers of countryside area and in that direction different schemes in the form of the development programs have been run, that special scheme of the upgrading and updating of country side dwelling is last and important of those are in the country; a scheme with a goal of preparing relative, stable countryside dwelling was created and with updating minimum 200 thousand countryside dwelling a year is changed to the most effective contemporary countryside development programs in Iran and the process of the changes that happened in frame and shape of the countries is accelerated. According to outlook of the scheme that updates should be meantime preparing dwelling of country men, causing increase the quality of the every dwelling and circulation of the “local patterns of countryside dwelling “, the goals that in point of the specialists completing all of this after six years of being executive the scheme is not come into conclusion. This paperwork meantime introducing briefly the goals of the special scheme of updating and upgrading of countryside dwelling, it considers of importance of this scheme in development contemporary countryside dwelling after that with consideration the direction of constructing countryside dwelling in form of this scheme analyzes the position of local patterns of countryside dwelling so with introducing effective zones at running patterns understand the cause of not performing completely of scheme in using local patterns of countryside dwelling and suggest for using the values, which are important and in present day are not using anymore and sometimes present this values that is similar at architecture constructing of contemporary countryside dwelling.

The settlement pattern and dwelling sys tem reflect the socio-economic condition and culturalbehaviour of the community people. The riverine fishing community is one of the ancient and special communities of Bangladesh that has a unique lifes tyle and some special features characterize their dwellings. This paper aims at explaining the exis ting dwelling sys tem of one of the eighth oldes t fishing village of Chittagong with relevant problems and identifying the factors that affect the dwelling sys tem of that fishing community. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are used here and the data were collected from the community people through PRA methods and ques tionnaire surveys. A number of problems and some special features of the exis ting dwelling s tructures inthe s tudy area are identified in this research. A relation between the socio- economic condition of the people and their dwellings is also es tablished here by explaining the influence of various factors on their dwelling. Finally, some recommendations are mentioned for improving their dwellings without adversely affecting their livelihood, culture and tradition.

The houses of the modern and postmodern era have failed to provide a "friendly haven" for their dwellers. Some evidence shows that they even promote a sense of alienation and detachment among the dwellers. Available studies show that this problem could be related to a variety of factors such as the lack of harmony between the dwelling and the existential aspects of human being, the lack of meanings associated with such aspects and, the passivity of the dwellers.
Accordingly, the main question of this paper is how the dweller and dwelling are associated. To this end, this research aims at characterizing the house that encourages human to discover its hidden dimensions. Such a house promotes a reciprocal interaction with its dweller and it is like a mirror through which the dwellers can see themselves and reflect on what has been talked about.
This article argues that "the legibility of dwelling" and "the dweller’s interpretation of meanings" are helpful to establish the relationship between the dweller and the dwelling. The relevant studies and theories on the topic were collected and analyzed to explore "the exchange of meaning between the dweller/dwelling". This study is an attempt to identify the factors contributing the relationship between the dweller and the dwelling. In this regard, based on the degree of legibility and meaning exchange, we proposed several levels of relationship between the dweller/dwelling:"Signification", "Meaning made by the dwellers" and "Meaning generated by the dwelling’". Finally, the characteristics of a dwelling which interacts with the dweller are introduced and categorized as "readable and familiar dwelling", "thought-provoking and imaginative dwelling" and "transcendental dwelling".

Like most of the societies specially the ones in which the growth of urbanism has been considerable in the past two decades, the issue of dwelling is very important in Iran. Problems of dwelling in Iran can be observed by looking at the rapid increase in the cost dwelling units and rent fees. But because economical and political different factors affect the cost of the dwelling units, the increase cannot be taken as the mere cause for dwelling issues. Because Qeshm has suitable economical and touristic conditions, cost of dwelling and field there is very high. Given the growth rate of 1.4 for economical development in dwelling business in this city, this was menat to investigate factors affecting the use of land use in residential areas using statistical techniqus of AHP and TOPSIS. The result show that among these factors (economical, social, environmental and cultural) economical factor have the maximum influence on land use in the residential that among these factors in Qeshm; occupation and income had the highest influence.

Bus transportation system is one of the most important systems in urban areas. Increasing user’s satisfaction and optimal usage of existent facilities without planning is impossible. Dwell time in bus stops is one of the parameters that affect the quality of plans in this system. By identifying the factors that affect on dwell time and forecasting this parameter, we can develop proper strategies to reduce dwell time and increase both in vehicle and waited passenger’s satisfaction. In this paper, Tehran bus transportation system was studied and factors that can affect dwell time parameters were identified and alternatively some data about dwell time in this system were collected. The regression analysis to estimate the effects of some these factors such as number of alighted and boarded passengers in stops on dwell time parameter was used. Based on the collected data, the ability of some functions in previous studies was evaluated to forecast dwell time parameters and a new nonlinear function to forecast it was developed. By microscopic analyzing of stop process, a new discrete event simulation model based on Enterprise Dynamics software was designed. This model was used to evaluate the strategies that can improve dwell time and estimate the effects of other factors that were not found in the collected data in this case study. The results show the dwell time of buses in stops can be reduced about 23 percent by changing in payment fare system to electronic payment system. Also the authors found out that the place of stops in this system has not any effect on dwell time parameter or gender of passengers is not important to estimate duration of stopping in stations.

The general concept of 'Dwell' or the existence of human on earth accompanying a suitable environment has various architectural responses in the traditional and modern thought. However, the recognition of quiddity of dwell and its specific meaning 'calmnes's is still a theoretical challenge in human relation and environment. In this essay, nature and dwell of self with regard to the world of sense and its belonging to the imagination world will be rethought from Islamic wisdom perspective. This rethinking or preliminary discourse plan about dwelling follows two main First, discovering the nature of what is called dwelling and settlement. The second is the recognition and retrieval of forgotten world of imagination in architecture and the grounds of human imaginary dwelling on earth. By applying an analytical approach and morphophonemic, this research attempts to demonstrate that self with the interstitial or imaginary nature-a place between two separated things which has the characteristics of both sides-dwell in a world of self (imaginary world). In fact, this world like self and imagination is an internal and social world of couples for periodic reminders of the Adam and Eve primary dwelling in celestial world of self. Despite of some commonalities, this environment does not correspond with symbolic construction of heaven on earth. In other words, the main purpose of constructing this environment is the representation of world of self for care and protection of the quadripartite of couple, word, imagination and dwell of humanbeing. From this perspective, the dwell of self will be achieved with a balance and unity of concepts and opposed but similar dual phenomena in the human world, nature, and architecture.

One of the main factors for human gathering equivalence and stability is dwelling place. So the dwelling is a fundament requirement for family which is necessary provide human demands and all social life system is forming in a one dwelling place will be obstacle for forming, safe growth and become a place for pleasing family and these element has been causing the dwelling place converting to one of the main human requirements. The main object of the main human requirement of urban dwelling an approach to access social democracy in the urban region of razavi khorasan. In this research dwelling place index in the points including congestion, facilities percapita, microlitihic, endurance and materials. The required data has been obtained from 1385 demographic censuses and residence place which is the required data are un scaleby fuzzy model and then components weights related to each domain extracted by hierarchy model and applied for ranking urban points from TOPSIS model. Ultimately only %22/05 from all points in this index including desirable quality and %11/4 from area including mean quality but total 19 urban situated 8 urban in the unsuitable position.

Boosting users’ attendance of open urban spaces depends on those qualitative features that enhance their feelings of security. According to theoreticians, the dwelling is happened somewhere to achieve an individual’s calmness. However, it is often the case that our dwellings and urban spaces do not provide this level of calmness. In this paper, the authors try to define the role of securing privacy on achieving the aforementioned qualities. Based on the theoretical foundations of the dwelling (according to Schultz), these qualities define the practical, theoretical and poetical aspects of the dwelling with the aim of providing comfort, calmness and imagination thus enhancing the overall quality of the dwelling. This research aims at determining the rate of enhancing the qualities of the dwelling by the effectiveness of “achieved privacy”. This is achieved by extracting data which indicate the rate of achieved privacy as well as data which present qualitative levels of presence. The research then aims to define the relationship between these two main factors. Users organize the environment and follow privacy mechanisms consciously or unconsciously to provide a desirable level of privacy depending on many personal and environmental factors. As a result, psychological security is accomplished. Discovering and utilizing environmental potentials (including elements as a refuge from undesirable vectors such as a shelter or a friend, desirable covering voices, or imaginative and memorable elements, …) and privacy mechanisms (such as selecting the direction or geometry of position, …) can help designers in achieving more efficient designed environments. This research is descriptive and analytical. It’s a correlational research and it draws on surveys. The data has been extracted from non-participant observation and structured interviews; (multiple choice questions - the questionnaire with closed questions). Participants who have taken part in interviews and the people who have been observed were seated around the big pools and fountains of Naqshe Jahan square. The correlation between two main statistical concepts; “achieved privacy” and “upgrading levels of dwelling quality” are analysed employing statistical analysis software; SPSS. It shows that achieved privacy has an impact on upgrading the level of a dwelling with 0/406 ratio which indicates that providing privacy is one of the most effective factors to upgrade the quality of the dwelling. Also, the results state that proactive behaviours of defending the territory, which one has been lately claimed to, to define and protect the spatial territory from the outer world, may cause and be effective on achieving privacy and also dwelling upgrade. The proactive defending behaviours are done to expand the borders and have an authentic scope. These behaviours include identification, defence and invasion. also, the rich environment of senses and meanings can help to provide the context for achieving privacy and upgrading the level of the dwelling; Desirable senses help to achieve concentration whilst getting rid of unwanted senses. And as the final result, Meditation and connecting to the imaginary world as a result of isolation from an ordinary life can occur. Which is what Schultz calls the poetic aspect of the dwelling.

The concept of dwelling is one of the most complicated and historical issues for the human kind. The questions of whom and what are always considerable for the concept of dwelling and philosophy. In fact, the concept of dwelling is one of the main principles for nations and religions. Although there is no solid definition between thinkers and philosophers for the concept of dwelling, almost all of them have an agreement on its essence. Transitions have been occurred recently in human›s life, changed the approach toward dwelling and came up with new ideas about it. The most part of these changes can be reachable in postmodern era. So, for knowing this concept precisely, we should analyze its transition from different viewpoints and periods. Then we will be able to release appropriate definition. Comprehending this concept and explaining all of its aspects precisely, is the first step to achieve this goal.