Desalination process of seawater by reverse osmosis method, has attracted more attention in recent years, due to its high efficiency, and about 62 percent of seawater is treated by this method. In this process energy recovery devices play an important role in reducing energy consumption and process costs, because on the one hand the energy consumption of high pressure pumps for feeding reverse osmosis membrane is high, and on the other hand 40 percent of feed water is treated with membrane and 60 percent is discharged as a high-pressure waste, which releases a lot of energy. The energy recovery device converts this hydraulic energy of the effluent into mechanical energy and transfers it to the feed pump as a shaft aid or uses it independently to transfer a part of the feed. The purpose of this research is to study energy recovery devices and compare them with each other to select a suitable energy recovery system.

Technology seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants water desalination in recent decades due to the use of energy recovery devices (ERDs)، modern technology in manufacturing membrane of growth enjoys. Several systems for energy recovery in SWRO happen that each has its own advantages and disadvantages are. This article reviews and evaluates the use of devices، energy recovery in the basin، an important catchment area in the north (Gulf of Gorgan) and south (Persian Gulf) in order to provide drinking water in urban areas of the law of the subsidies in the energy sector in 90 years is. For this purpose، each of the devices recovered as described، then the software Rosa parameters necessary to produce 20،000 cubic meters per day set، and energy in particular (SEC) in four-wheel Pelton، Turbocharger، pressure exchanger / work to help the software calculated based on energy prices and 90 years of annual energy costs (total power) in both basins has been calculated. With detailed analysis and comparison of energy consumption in both basin and 41% wheel Pelton of pressure / work close to 50% of energy consumption are reduced. Pressure exchanger with high performance and price pressure due to the high price of energy and is recommended for both catchment Pelton turbines.

Municipal solid wastes (MSWs) vary in terms of quality and quantity, especially their toxic content. The efficient and sound disposal of MSWs not only needs implementing an integrated management procedure, but also performing a conservative way to reduce the impacts on resources. In the present research, after characterization of MSW streams and consideration of disposal methods practiced in Siri Island, Iran, the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and the energy consumption through three following scenarios are calculated using life cycle assessment (LCA) 1) incineration with energy recovery and landfilling of ashes, 2) landfilling and collecting landfill gases (LFGs) with energy recovery, and 3) landfilling without LFG collection. Results show that the incineration scenario is superior to landfilling without LFG collection. However, by LFG collection and energy recovery, the related GHG emissions and energy consumption for landfilling scenario will decrease remarkably. Due to physical limitations in the studied area and considering the compulsions related to international and regional environmental conventions, the incineration scenario is recommended as a sound disposal method at Siri Island. Applying source reduction strategies for this scenario will result in 4.25% reduction in GHG emissions per 1% diverted plastics from the waste stream.

This study attempts to provide a model for prioritizing energy recovery equipment according to environmental regulations and economic factors considered by investors. One of the important outcomes of this research is to create a model for investment management in energy recovery equipment in line with economic goals, and reduction in environmental pollution and global warming, leading to best investment decisions based on current country specific laws and regulations. In fact, using the above method can guide investments toward more environmentally compatible methods and equipment, which itself will result in further development of environmentally compatible equipment.

Drying of agricultural products is a sophisticated process with high energy consumption. Energy needed for sustainable development, is one of the biggest challenges facing humanity. The performance of a heat recovery assisted solar dryer was evaluated in this study. Drying time, collector efficiency, energy consumption, solar fraction and energy recovery fraction were investigated at different drying air temperatures (45, 55 and 65 oC) and three levels of air flow rate (0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 kg/s). The results showed that collector efficiency decreased at higher drying temperatures and lower air flow rates. Increasing the air temperature from 45 to 65 oC reduced energy consumption by 25%. Meanwhile, the air temperature rise decreased solar fraction by 24% while improved energy recovery fraction by 20%.

Drying is a very sophisticated process which consumes a large amount of energy. Solar energy can be used as an alternative or supplementary energy source to fossil fuels. Solar dryers are common ways for saving fossil fuel consumption during agricultural products drying. In this study, the performance of an active solar dryer equipped with an energy recovery system was investigated at three levels of drying air temperature. The results showed that the energy recovery system was able to increase inlet air temperature by 16.8, 18.5 and 18.9 ° C at drying temperatures of 55, 65 and 75 oC, respectively. Meanwhile 47.8, 42.9 and 40.9 percents of the dryer exhaust air energy were recovered respectively at these conditions which subsequently led to a reduction of 30.7, 19.2 and 14.7 percents in electrical heater energy consumption.

The effects of greenhouse gases (GHG) on the growth of global warming, and increase of GHG and air pollutant emissions for energy production have forced the need of energy recovery which is normally wasted in industrial plant. The present research work focused on the GHG and air pollutant emissions reduction employing pressure waste energy recovery. Pressure break-down via Joule-Thomson valve is a neat potential for waste energy recovery in gas refineries, which may also be provide by using a turbo-expander instead of commercial valves. Based on this ground, an exergy analysis is carried out for Joule-Thomson valve. The results showed that the exergy loss is higher than 6.5 MW and it is possible to recover about 1.9 MW of exergy loss. On the other hand, it was found that about 16900MWh of electrical energy can be produced by recovering the energy of waste pressure, which may leads to less consumption of the load and gas in refinery power unit. Consequently, equal the gas consumption reduction, 12056 ton CO2e of GHG and 54.6 ton of air pollutant emissions is reduced annually. Economical evaluation of utilizing a turbo-expander instead of a valve proved that this altering scenario is deducible and practical. Economical indexes, namely, IRR and NPV are found to be equal to 25.51% and 929571 US$, respectively. Moreover, sensitivity analysis conducted on each specific state certified the obtained results.

Energy efficiency and process integration play a vital role in minimizing fossil fuel consumption and electricity demand within industrial processes. Therefore, experts have prioritized research on enhancing and promoting the thermal energy efficiency of this sector, with a specific emphasis on energy recovery and sustainability goals. Pinch analysis (PA) and exergy analysis (ExA) have been employed separately or in conjunction to optimize energy recovery and minimize the work potential losses (exergy loss). This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of a developed algorithm that handle the impact of ∆Tmin on energy and exergy targets in an automatic manner through a set of scripts. The scripts manipulate input data and intermediate data through loops in order to quantify and determine different energetic and exergetic quantities. The developed algorithm is testified using a literature case study in order to prove its validity. For δTmin in range [0,10] and step s =2, the algorithm performs the calculations for each δTmin in range ∆Tmin. The obtained results include the pinch analysis parameters such as the global pinch point temperature [Tpinch] as well as the minimum heating and cooling requirements ([Uhot] and [Ucool]). For the scripts devoted to the exergy concept, the algorithm determines all the exergy targets (rejection, requirement and avoidable losses). As a result for δTmin in ∆Tmin, the process external utilities Uhot and Ucool increased simultaneously from 6.85 and 4.39 MW to 12.2 and 9.75 MW with increment of δTmin, which means that the energy recovery and avoidable exergy losses reduced with respect to δTmin. For the exergy requirement and rejection targets, they increased simultaneously from 2.6602 and 1.3231 MW to 6.711 and 2.88 MW with δTmin increment, indicating the opportunity to design a system to recover work through turbine expansion. In addition to the originality of the interconnected scripts, the obtained results are in accordance with those in the literature, indicating the applicability of the developed algorithm

The objective of developing kinetic energy recovery systems for vehicles is to repurpose energy otherwise dissipated during braking. Brake energy recovery and storage are achieved through two broad methods electrical and mechanical, contingent on the energy storage type and the traction system's operational approach. Utilizing a rotating flywheel emerges as a practical, cost-effective, safe, and environmentally friendly means of storing energy, offering an extended service life. This study, synthesizing insights from various theories, aims to devise a prototype brake energy recovery system compatible with Samand car, employing the flywheel tank. Additionally, considerations for the power transmission system and clutch involve designing their type and dimensions, taking many factors into account for the selection. The initial design undergoes simulation and evaluation using MATLAB_SIMULINK and the ADVISOR plugin. The investigation delves into the influence of various design parameters on the efficiency of the system. Subsequently, attempts are undertaken to clarify the factors contributing to varied outcomes. The simulation results indicate a notable decrease in fuel consumption and emissions for a Samand car during urban driving cycles characterized by frequent braking. This improvement is realized through the utilization of a steel flywheel with an incomplete cone geometry and a specified radius. Suggestions are put forth for refining the controller to potentially enhance reductions in fuel consumption and pollution.

In the present study, the main focus was on plasma pyrolysis and gasification of organic waste, specifically polyethylene and cotton waste and exploring the energy recovery possibilities from the gases obtained after the plasma pyrolysis and gasification. In pyrolysis the gases formed are Syn gas (H2 + CO), CH4, higher hydrocarbons along with soot particles. The waste is disintegrated using thermal plasma (which is generated using graphite plasma torch) in oxygen starved environment (pyrolysis) and also in partial oxidation condition (gasification). Experiments have been carried out by varying pyrolysis chamber temperature from 5000C to 7000C and polyethylene and cotton are fed into the pyrolysis chamber. It has been observed that plasma pyrolysis of polyethylene in the temperature range of 500 to 700 0C yields H2 as main component around 30-40% volume basis along with CO, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 and soot particles whereas pyrolysis of cotton, on the other hand provides less H2 around 15-20 %. However, it has also been observed that in plasma gasification H2, CO, CH4 content in the exhaust gases reduces to some extent (2-5%). The theoretical and experimental energy recovery comparisons have also been carried out.