The preservation of family entities is indispensable for the well-being of society, and the supportive approach to family entities, considering the minimum rights principle of criminal law, has been explicitly stated in various laws. In the latest draft of the Penal Code, multiple provisions have recently been introduced to criminalize support for family entities, including the protection of health, the establishment and sanctity of the family nucleus, and governing relationships. Examining the latest developments in legal transformations is crucial. Therefore, this article, based on a library-based research method, describes and analyzes the criminalization and legislation process related to the support for family entities in the draft Penal Code. The article identifies serious flaws in terms of the number of criminal titles, the type, and extent of punishments, leading to the necessity of a legal approach based on proposed legislative amendments.

Since children’s rights, as one of the most foundamental human rights, play effective role in securing the prosperity of the society, leading the overall policymaking of the countries, strengthening and maintain of the family entity. This is why the law protects the children rights in the cyberspace. Protection of children rights in the cyberspace inquires for the legislative measures to be taken in order to criminalize the offensive conducts aginst the children via IT technologies as well to compensate the phycial and mental damages may be inflicted on the children and spiritual impacts on the child due to the disrepct of the child personality in this venue.This paper, while investigating the existing rules and regulations of the Country, particularly on the legal protection of the children and teenagers that has been recently legislated by the Islamic Council Assembly of Iran and with the overview on the conventions, treaties, international resolution and protocoless that deal with the legal protection of the children privacy in the cyberspace, investigates the legal measures in comabting with the violations of the children rights and determines under what terms and conditions such measures could be taken under Iranian legislation.

One of the important topics that has taken up a large part of critical studies of translation is the employment of relevant theories with the aim of clarifying the qualitative level of translation and the extent of its quality. Many theories have been proposed in this regard, including the theory of norms, which calls for the necessity of making a decisive decision in the translation process in light of a set of criteria. An effective target text criteria can be taken as a model for evaluation.This is what prompted us to conduct research to study the theory of criteria, to clarify its reality, and to demonstrate the possibility of employing it in the translation of the Holy Qur’an, especially the translation of “Fath al-Rahman Bi Tarjam al-Qur’an” by Waliullah Dahlavi. Some of them are more compatible with the culture of the target text than others.We chose this translation because it followed a specific methodology from the beginning, which in most cases does not go beyond the words of the Holy Qur’an and its grammatical rules, which there is no justification for anyone translating literally to skip, which called for the translator to draw broad lines for his translation inspired by the values ​​prevailing at that time in his cultural and social environment, which did not go beyond. parent text culture framework.This research followed a descriptive analytical approach and concluded with results, the most important of which is the possibility of employing norms theory in the Matricial Norms for translating Fath al-Rahman without its textual norms, and this is what will become clear throughout this article.

The function of family as a social unit has an undeniable role in establishing the social interactions and reactions; thus if constructive and well-functioning, the family will ensure the health and happiness of a society. Under the influence of healthy relationships governing the family, the individuals learn how to constructively communicate and interacte with society. On the contrary, the more the family has a bad and chaotic functioning, the more threatened the health of a society will be. This study which is a descriptive research carried out based on document analysis, is mainly aimed at exploring the obstacles of and solutions for strengthening the family as an institution from the perspective of Razavi teachings and lifestyle. Regarding the subject and method of the research mentioned above, all relevant information and references of the subject were collected and the research findings were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that adhering to religious teachings and following the infallible Imams’ lifestyle and thoughts are significant barriers against the obstacles facing the strengthening of family. To strengthen the ties between family members, an emotional atmosphere should be provided and the legitimate needs and demands of the parties should be understood. Putting the teachings of Islam, especially the lifestyle and teachings of Imam Reza (AS) into practice directly controls the individual behaviors and indirectly strengthens the family ties through improving relationships among family members.

Family is one of the important social groups which are formed due to the human need for social life; but nowadays because of extensive changes that have been made in communities، numerous damages have been entered in the body of this entity which it led to weakening this entity and the increasing expansion of divorce. Increasing the divorce rate in Iran، which is growing in recent years، has created many social concerns. In this regard، this study attempts to investigate factors affecting on divorce request by women residing in Hamadan. This study was performed by using of survey method and self-administered questionnaires. The statistical population consists of 256 people that are selected among divorce requesting women attending the family court in Hamadan. According to the results، the reason about 37% of requested divorces have been violence. Due to the strong role of domestic violence، characteristics of women seeking divorce because of violence، has been investigated in this study. Among these characteristic ages، number of children، their attitude toward violence، residence and their education play an important role in the intolerance of violence and motivating them in requesting a divorce.

First discovered in the 19th century, bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses and the most widespread entities on earth. Phages have multiple important roles in maintaining the bacterial population, carbon cycling, bacterial pathogenicity, and bacterial evolution. They can be used to develop DNA and protein vaccines, novel antibiotics and antiviral drugs, and phage therapy. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses categorizes phages in two major orders of Caudovirales and Ligamenvirales, including five families, nine subfamilies, 145 genera, and 684 species. The most widespread families in nature are Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, Podoviridae, and Inoviridae. Phages are morphologically categorized in two major categories of tailed and polyhedral, filamentous, or pleomorphic phages. They can have either a single- or double-strand DNA or RNA genome. Phages are important for transferring mobile genetic elements, such as virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance determinants to bacteria by transduction, and have been used to treat bacterial infections. In conclusion, phages are important entities because of their roles in bacterial metabolism and surveillance in nature. Further studies can help usobtain a better understanding of the phage mechanism in bacterial evolution.

Family firms are a special kind of firms that special features have resulted in shaping particular field of research. Because of the importance of family firms and existing significant number of family firms in TSE, recently several research have been doing about family firms based accounting context. The aim of this research is the answer to this question that why the family firm is different from non-family firms with using of presented theories. The result of this research is useful for understanding family firms’ entity and construction a conceptual framework about family firms. In this research initially, we review the definition of family firms and different approaches of family firms ‘definition, then we explain proposed theories about family firms with using resource-based view, social capital theory and agency theory stewardship

The sexual robots are modern masturbation tools with maximum physical similarity with human samples that have saturated the market of sex products. The aim of producing these products is to satisfy individuals' sexual desires (ranging from ordinary citizens and persons with disabilities) and to eliminate emotional gaps.

In this review study, relevant and published articles were purposely searched and retrieved, and then ethical arguments for and against sex with sexbots were discussed and criticized from a principlist approach.

From the perspective of pros and cons, the robots firstly are in respect of human autonomy; secondly have positive functions such as protecting women and family entities, proper marriage substitutes for people who lack the ability to form family, preventing sexual crimes and treating some patients; thirdly they never result in harm; and finally using sex robots help in sex justice in society. On the other hand, according to opposition, the popularity of such robots is against human nature and more than probable benefits have disadvantages like increase in loneliness of individuals and destroying the family. Furthermore they will never satisfy the full satisfaction of the individual. Legally, some jurists consider the sex relationship with robots as criminal under the title of “Outraging Public Chastity” (Art 638) but it seems doubtful. Ethical Considerations: Authenticity of the texts, honesty and confidentiality has been observed in this study.

Although, sexual robots have some positive functions, but because of the more negative effects they pursue, alongside the legal moralism and religious considerations, they are considered an immoral option. In the Iranian criminal law, it is not easy to recognize of special title to punish sex with sexual robots.

Drawing upon a descriptive-analytical method, this article explores the role of the governing authority in the Islamic society within the family legal system. It aims to explain certain Islamic principles regarding governance and family. In the Islamic legislative system, the ruler or, broadly speaking, the governing authority is the one that clearly directs governmental laws, coordinates institutions, and organizations. Moreover, the ruler is responsible for supervising social and political institutions. In Islamic jurisprudence and law, one of the entities that the Muslim ruler is permitted to enter is the private sphere of the family. The governing authority is permitted to enter the family's privacy only when the legal and ethical standards are overlooked. The question then arises: “What is the basis for the governing authority to enter the family’s privacy based on juridical-legal standards?” This study initially documents the rule “Al-Hākim walī al-mumtaniʿ” [sovereign is the substitute for the person who refrains to perform his obligations] indicating the judicial entry of the governing body into the family sphere before examining and analyzing the supportive dimensions of the governing authority in the family legal system.

One of the different and surprising phenomena of the 21st century is the emergence of the cyberspace. The destructive consequences of its have made the criminal legislators to criminalize certain behaviors in this space. One of the targets of this type of crime is family, which as the smallest and most important social institution of the society has always protected by law. However, crimes against the spiritual dignity and integrity of the family in the cyber media space, which is one of the most important and affected topics in today's society, is less considered. This research is a descriptive-analytical  by using available library method. This research  identified cyber crimes against the spiritual dignity of the family and its context. The results of the research indicate that  criminal laws of Iran have criminalized behaviors such as pornography, publishing computer lies, and revealing family secrets. However, since the family is not considered as an independent legal entity, the criminal responses provided are only in line with the protection of individuals, and these criminal measures, considering the harmful consequences of these crimes against the family.