Geographical environment is the context of interaction among economic, social and natural structures. Environmental justice is the junction point of interaction and balance among geographical environment, justice and security. Environmental justice as a pervasive approach toward inequalities assumes that units of society (individuals) aside from their biological and ideological differences should be protected against environmental impacts of unequal economic and social arrangements. Since justice is the backbone of security, Existing data shows that spatial inequalities which are derived from inefficiency of distribution system in forming equal opportunities are important factors in social crisis and environmental insecurity. During recent decades, forming appropriate situation to fulfill individual’s demands has been inevitable because of positive approach toward security. So that environmental justice who has geographical, social and political aspects, beside positive approach toward security can improve public opportunity equalities, securing civil rights and sustainable security.

Environmental linguistics is one of the new approaches in linguistic research and a branch of social linguistics that studies the relationship between language and the natural-social environment of its speakers from a new perspective. According to environmental linguists, geographical environment and climatic conditions cause linguistic variations; as a result of which intellectual and cultural differences in an environment emerge. Tarjumān al-Ashwāq (The Interpreter of Longings) is a poem by Mohi al-Din Ibn Arabi, one of the prominent thinkers and mystics of Islamic mysticism who depicts Ibn Arabi's romantic feelings towards Nazam, the daughter of Sheikh Makin al-Din, during the poet's years of residence in Mecca. In this work, Ibn Arabi employs a language that has semantic correlates appropriate to the geographical environment of Mecca and the socio-cultural conditions of the residents of that environment to express his moods and describe the characteristics of his beloved. From the linguistic viewpoint, this work depicts a linguistic community representing the particular discourse of the geographical environment the lover and the beloved were residing in.  In the present study, with the aim of evaluating and recognizing the specific discourse of the poet's biosphere, the linguistic community and the lexical network of Tarjumān al-Ashwāq were categorized based on the biological, intellectual, and cultural components and indicators of Ibn Arabi's life environment; using a descriptive-analytical method and from the perspective of environmental linguistics. The findings of the study reveal the correlation between the natural environment and language, which has in turn affected the culture, vision, and worldview of Ibn Arabi as one of the users of that environment

The present paper studies the mutual effects of politics and power on the geographical environment, that is to say, the effects of the political decisions on geographical environment. To do so, after explaining the procedure of the formation and the vicissitudes of the history of political geography in the world, the paper concentrates on conditions of political geography in Iran. Geography, especially military geography, in Iran first came into focus in 1931 with a book called The Comprehensive Geography of Iran written by Mas’ood Keihan. But, the founder of political geography and geopolitics as a discipline is Dr. Mir-Heidar who wrote The Principles of Political Geography in 1968. Tarbiat Modarres University’s measure to initiate a Ph.D. program in political geography in 1987 is a turning point in the history of the discipline in Iran. This encouraged other universities to set up the program at different levels. Since the 90s the discipline ascended to its peak in Iran. The paper also focuses on the conditions of political geography departments in the Iranian universities and on the future perspective, the capabilities, and the predicaments of political geography.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of geographical environment factors in the formation of human behavior. The research has been done with a qualitative, interpretive approach and grounded theory method; the data collection technique was performed using in-depth interviews with 30 men and women living in Tehran whose method of selection was purposive theoretical sampling. Due to the fact that the research has been done in an interpretive way from the inductive method, the dialectical aspects of the consonant based on the main question of the research have been done in order to achieve the desired results. The findings of this research have been done after documenting in a scientific process and using data coding in three phases. In this research, a typology of human behavior is presented that can be considered in the form of a paradigm model. Findings show that the factors of geographical environment in the formation of human behavior (love, violence, hatred) in Tehran have greatly prevailed. The obtained typology also shows that the negative effects of adverse components of the geographical environment on human behavior in the form of physical violence, verbal violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, media violence, hatred in the face of self-love, wise love, divine love, He has shown his selfless love.

The tectonic activities that have led to the creation of closed lakes in Iran, the important fact that Iran is located at subtropical high pressure region, the country’s distance from the sea and its being enclosed by heights are the reasons that caused the abundance of deserts in Iran. The question here is that how can we use this geographical position in the development of tourism industry in Iran? Simultaneous planning for utilization of original geographical environment, Iran's deserts and its closed lakes, camel trips, visiting historic regions and tribes settled in these areas (such as the nomads), buying souvenirs and ... can all be remarkable in this regard.

Village is rather a geographical than a social or economic unit and this geographical unit is a container that contains community and economy. Therefore, the village should be the core of any rural research. Humans and their related socio-economic affairs should not be separated from their geographical environment which affects them. More than 50% of rural people’s income is earned from agricultural activities. In addition, other types of activities are also carried out to provide for the livelihood of rural people such as mining, exploition of mineral water, services and handicrafts. The main argument in this paper is to examine the connection between village formation and mine establishment from two perspectives: a) the time of village and mine establishment, b) socio-economic prosperity. Besides this, delicate points will be addressed such as similarity between village and mine names. This paper is the result of an interdisciplinary work between social science and mine engineering fields.

Many of accidents that have taken place in one geographical environment don’t have abstraction source. With the base on distribution theory, historical incident of beside one geographical spatial have effective output on this spatial. With the base on this theory if historical incidents of beside one geographical spatial were in direction of cultural and historical background of one society has evident effect on cultural and political incidents of that society. Islamic revolution is one the important events in the Middle East. This event had been important effects on political incident of this region. In this research have been struggled, with analysis - descriptive approach, were conformed to distribution theory with incidents of after Islamic revolutions in the Middle East. Finding research reveals that impacts Islamic revolution of Iran accord with transmitted distribution theory.

Tuberculosis is the most common cause of death among single-factor infectious diseases and is the tenth cause of death among all diseases in the world. The disease is spread mainly from an infected person through close contact with other people living in one place. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the spatial correlation structure and the recovery time of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Iran.
In this applied study, the data of 20554 patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Iran from 1389 to 1393 were used. A parametric accelerated failure time model with spatial frailty and batesian approach was used to analyze the data. The OpenBUGS 1.4 was used for programming and the ArcGIS 9.2 was used for mapping the environmental impact on tuberculosis.
The mean age of the patients was 50.35 years with a standard deviation of 21.6 years. The results showed that the geographical environment, gender, prison condition, degree of smear positivity at diagnosis and location (urban-rural) had a significant impact on the recovery time of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The recovery time of patients with smear grade 1-9 bacilli, 1 and 2 who were treated was significantly shorter than the others.
According to the study, geographical environment and the location have a significant impact on smear positive patients’ recovery time. This impact depends on the degree of smear positivity in some provinces and is independent of it in some other provinces.

Regarding the serve of general policies of the sixth development plan and codifying the so-called plan in the next 5 years (2017-2021) with the experience of ten constructive programs and the development before and after the Islamic Revolution, it is necessary to emphasize the regional and intraregional sustainable development based on "Space Geographic Engineering Strategy (SGES)". That is relying on the natural and human capacity and talents, can lead into a sustainable development by the priority of the endogenous development and noticing the exogenous development in the next stage. Using SGES regarding all the aspects of sustainable development including ecologic-environmental, socio-cultural, economic, institutional-management, physical-spatial, we may observe the proper distribution of population and activities in natural, local and regional levels by achieving the development and its goals in regions. By emphasizing natural and human capabilities in different levels from natural to local, following spatial justice principles, SGES brings regional planning rather than spot planning, decentralization rather than centralization. SGES also guarantees endogenous development by making use of exogenous development as a complementary in light of sustainable development. In SGES the emphasize is on desirable and optimum use of geographical environment for the welfare of the current generation in such a way that regarding of keeping all of its aspects, the usage of it would be guaranteed for all of the future generations. In addition, complete and precise recognition of geographical environment in all its aspects ad development planning based on this recognition using qualitative and quantitative methods and models, emphasizing on the latter, is taking into consideration. Thus, the proposed model of SGES in regional planning strives for optimum geographic distribution in spatial organization of population. The activities are carried out by sustainable development approach. On the other hand, ecologic, social, cultural, economic, institutional management and physical in the national, regional, zonal and local levels for desirable future is based on sustainable development. To this end, long-term and mid-term and long-term and in different levels, should be carried out along with spatial planning to decrease and eliminate the spatial imbalance and inequality. To sum up, using SGES in spatial planning leads in to a complementary fir regional planning.

Cities by the sea have a special position. They are located on the coastline, ie the line of collision and the place of divorce of two different geographical environments (land and water) and therefore are affected by the environmental conditions of these two geographical spaces from any point. Coastal cities are in some ways similar to mountain towns and narrow plain towns. Among the longitudinal or linear distribution of these cities and its consequences, are one of these similarities. And includes mountains. The second group is cities located on low and beach beaches (sandy and sandy beaches). In general, the development direction of coastal cities follows the topographic and geomorphic conditions of the coastline and the hinterland. Evaluation and analysis of measures of roughness is urban planning using AHP hierarchical analysis process, but in addition to the main purpose, sub-objectives are also considered by the researcher, the results of which lead to environmental damage and urban development.