Address equitable and optimal enjoyment of this right is one of the inalienable rights of its citizens and the international instruments and national constitutions of most countries is emphasized and taken into consideration . One of the most important documents related to human rights, " the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights " is a material 14 and 15 is dedicated to the discussion of a fair trial .the committee is dedicated. This has two important international document under the Optional Protocol is a protocol number ( 1 ) Citizens of countries that have signed and ratified the protocol document could be used in the framework of the Covenant rights contained in document ( document ) his complaints especially Material rights violations , the Human Rights Committee has submitted to the committee to review . This committee is one of the duties and functions and other functions were cited in the introduction .
Iran ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is attending . According to Article 9 of the Civil Code , which shall have the force of regulations in accordance with the constitution of the state and other states have signed the law.it is ....

One of the most effective ways to implement human rights documents and protect basic human freedoms is to provide executive and monitoring mechanisms for them. The international human rights system has established mechanisms to support victims of human rights violations; One of these mechanisms is "individual litigation" which is provided in many human rights documents.The issue raised in this article is the process of "individual litigation" in two important international human rights documents, i.e. the Covenant of Civil and Political Rights and the Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (henceforth Covenants). In order to explain this issue and in a descriptive and analytical way, we will see that in the treaty system of human rights covenants, a protection mechanism for the victims of human rights violations has been established under the title of "Individual Litigation Ritual". In this way of litigation, the victims of human rights violations are allowed to act independently of the government and government institutions to claim their rights after failing to appeal to internal mechanisms. Studies show that although this method of litigation is effective, the proceedings are sometimes long and face the resistance of the accused government.

The principle of publicness of proceedings is a composite concept that can be divided into different elements. For this reason, to understand and explain the true and precise concept of the said principle, all those elements and requirements should be taken into consideration. In fact, the main concern of this research is the answer to the question, what are the corresponding and complementary principles of the principle of public criminal trials? This research was done with descriptive-analytical method and with available library and internet resources. The findings of the research emphasize the hypothesis that principles such as the principle of innocence, legality, etc. correspond to the principle of openness in the direction of a fair trial. If one of the important requirements of public proceedings is the publication of judgments, which is emphasized in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights. Iran's law regarding the publication of court decisions, contrary to human rights documents, mentions cases as exceptions. has done, which is in conflict with Iran's human rights obligations, especially Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.