Tehran is the capital and the largest city in north of Iran with 614 square kilometers area, it is located in the south slopes of Alborz and 112 km south of the Caspian Sea, and originally (more than 400 years ago) it was relatively large village. The famous village of that time called Kan village, which was located northwest of current Tehran. The antiquity Of Kan village goes back at least 1200 to 1400 years ago and one of the oldest rivers of Rey county that originate from Imam Zadeh Davoud mountains to the lake of Qom, It goes along the rural texture of Kan and irrigates Kan gardens and it is the witnesses of this claim. In the recent few decades, the growth wave and rapid growth of urbanization has also spread to this area and Kan is now locating in the Tehran. The construction orientation of the programs is directed to destruct the village and gardens and green zones and open area. Following this problem, the present study seeks to change the approach from quantitative growth to qualitative growth. And the main question is, as regards importance of the subject, how to preserve existing natural green resources through green neighborhood revival, can we introduce Kan neighborhood of Tehran city, as urban village? And through this, instead of generating income from the destruction of gardens and construction, protect the last collection of aggregate gardens in Tehran metropolis.

The streams and river valleys of southern hillside of Alborz Mountains have created a special geographical and topographical situation for Tehran city. The rigid and confined approach in confronting river valleys of Tehran in development plans of 1968 has ignored their structural role in providing a city life. It has changed these rivers into a disposal channel for surface water, sewage and a dangerous spot in Tehran city. In master Plan of Tehran (1385), potential river valleys in shaping and defining the spatial organizing of tourism zones Tehran was on the agenda of urban management. Kan River Valley was assigned a tourism element of the city and and an organizing plan for the river was legislated. Javanmardan Park along Kan River valley, located between Hemmat and Hakim highways, within the 5th and 22nd district, was projected and implemented as a product of these policies. Today, after more than 3 years of implementation, the questions on transformation of this significant project into one of the worst parks is still queried. Why a project on this scale with a special emphasis of upstream documents and urban management happen to fail in the end? Why with regeneration aims of river valley, this project is not only successful in attracting audiences, but also changing to a factor in the destruction of the natural and cultural identity of the river valley? This article explains the reasons why Javanmardan Park ignored the primary purposes of organizing and generation based on existing documents and the process of definition, planning, design and implementation. The gap between the objectives and strategies outlined in the organizing plan for Kan River valleys in local and thematic master plan of 2006 and organizing plan of Kan River valley and its surrounding by Armanshahr consulting engineers and major and minor policies of Atak consulting engineers as the major plan of this project are mainly discussed in this paper. Having compared the policies and purposes of upstream plans in organizing of Kan River valley and transforming it into a tourism zone of Tehran city and its obtained results in “Javanmardan Iran”, two main factors are recognized for failure of project definition (Maintaining the natural quality of the valley as one of the most important elements of the city and creating personality, identity and visibility alongside the river). The first factor counts for lack of understanding of consultant designers in recognizing landscape values of the site and landscaping elements of Kan river valley while the second one roots from lack of sufficient technical experience in the design and implementation of landscape architecture in the river bed. While utilizing the river valley potential and generating a tourism zone was primarily planned in the early stages of development and project definition and management. In fact, the designers’ impose landscape and non-landscape identity while changing the valuable natural landscape; a landscape which was aimed for regeneration and conservation.

According to the natural and man-made environment of Tehran and based on government approval, the largest artificial lake located in far northwest of great Tehran and into the new made District-22 of Tehran Municipality is being designed. This region with and area of about 10000 hectares has been planned as a last connatural limitation of Tehran. Overflow of the Kan and the Vardavrd Rivers such as the one in 1969 in the Kan-Sologhan region and some other purposes like providing a recreational place to attract tourists and making the weather fresh and humid specially in dry seasons turn out to be the reasons for proposing the construction of an artificial lake. The lake is planned with an area of about 225 hectares and 11 million cubic meters volume. The Kan and the Vardavard Rivers, the middle part watershed basins runoff, groundwater, municipal runoff and the waste water of Ekbatan treatment plant are the most important water resources in the area. Annual flow of these resources together is about 120 million cubic meters and there is the possibility of taking 40 million cubic meters of this flow to provide the lake water. To indentify the water quality of resources, samples were taken, analyzed and statistics of hydrometric stations in the region have been assessed. Comparison between these results and standards proved that the Kan and the Vardavard Rivers, groundwater’s and the middle part watershed basins runoff have the highest quality. In Ekbatan treatment plant wastewater and municipal runoff total coliformis 1.1×104 MPN/100ml and 2.2×1029 MPN/100ml respectively which is higher than standards and inappropriate to provide the lake water.

The principal problems of healthcare services in China are “difficulty in seeing a doctor”and “high expense of getting medical service” (commonly known in Chinese as “kan bing nan, kan bing gui”). The central Chinese government has already launched the bottom-up cascading medical system and two-way referral system recently in order to solve these problems (1). Only when patients go to medical institutions in an orderly fashion, can we see the hope of breaking the kan bing nan, kan bing gui (2). However, we face a number of obstacles when implementing the referral policies. The biggest obstacle is the lack of Human Resource (HR) for primary care both in capacity and volume (3). The central Chinese government has launched a series of policies to deal with the shortage of HRs in rural areas. Profound measurements involve postgraduate training for General Practitioner (GP) (a three-year plan beginning in 2010 for producing health professionals for rural areas and improving rural retention), “3+2” medical education model (3-year diploma education and 2-year postgraduate GP training), and in-service training for physicians in rural areas (4). It is not the time to assess their effectiveness, however, these measurements are certain to improve the capacity of Community Health Service (CHS) institutions.

Yeki Boud Yeki Nabud and Kan Ma Kan are two short story collections written by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh and Mikhaeil Noaima that procced to the social issues of Iran and Lebanon. In these two collections, the culmination of literary democracy and the author's clever and critical look of social issues are revealed. The coexistence of two authors in two more or less close societies, the social themes of both collections and the style and look at those themes, as well as the names of the two stories, strengthen the assumption of stylistic and thematic closeness of both collections. Jamalzadeh's life coincided with the Constitutional Revolution and he was considered a supporter of the Constitutional Government, Iran, like Lebanon, was lagging behind in various cultural and economic fields due to the tyranny and oppression of kings. In Lebanon also, national liberation movements, such as the constitutional movement in Iran, flared up, and the cry for freedom and independence from the Ottoman Empire rose. These movements had intensified as a result of cultural and intellectual awareness in some Arab societies. Under these circumstances, the two story collections of Jamalzadeh and Mikhail Naima were written so that they were the two initiatives in a new style in Persian and Arabic short stories on the one hand and provided a basis for criticizing the critical situation of the Iranian and Lebanese societies on the other hand. Based on the foregoing, we seek through the paper to study the manifestations of social realism and the methods of expressing it in a collection Yaki Boud Yaki Naboud`s Muhammad Ali Jamal Zadeh and Kan Ma Kan`s Mikhail Naima in the framework of the American School of Comparative Literature and based on the theory of similarities and differences in this school. Note that the main topic in the American School of Comparative Literature is the study of the similarities and differences between literary genres in order to better understand and examine the common cultural and literary separation through the fictional works of these two great writers in Persian and Arabic as these works are a product of human thought through the ages and times. In other words, the research aims to study these two collections of stories in the field of criticism of social issues and express their similarities and differences in this field, and then create a bridge between contemporary Iranian and Lebanese literature in the short story and finally answer the following questions:  What are the methods used in Yaki Boud Yaki Naboud  by Muhammad Ali Jamalzadeh, and Kan Ya Makan`s Mikhail Naima's criticism of society?  What are the similarities and differences between the authors' methods of critiquing society?  How did Muhammad Ali Jamalzadeh and Mikhail Naima use humor in their criticism of social issues?  According to what was said in the above, The descriptive and analytical method was used in this research, where it compared critical realism between a collection of  Yaki Boud Yaki Naboud  Muhammad Ali Jamal Ghazadeh and a collection`s Kan Ma Kan by Mikhail Naima in the framework of similarity theories in the American School of Comparative Literature. Their anecdotal texts discussed the similarities and differences between them, and finally we brought the results of the research. About the theoretical framework of the research, it can be said that, it is one of the most similar features between what was, Yki Boud Yaki Naboud , by Muhammad Ali Jamalzadeh, and Kan Ma Kan`s Mikhail Naima, their critical view of social and cultural issues, and on this basis they can be considered within the framework of the school of critical realism in literature, because Mikhail Naima clearly depicts this characteristic and we can see its features in his stories Short,  On the other hand, most critics and investigators considered the publication of Yaki Boud Yaki Naboud a literary event and the beginning of realist literature in Iran. As critical realism was a new form in the realist school, in which the writer deals with the issues and problems of society with criticism and analysis, refusing to accept reality and seeks through it to reach the direction in which he expresses his opinion, This critical vision appeared in literature with Maxim Gorky, the Russian writer and activist who founded the school of socialist realism embodied in the Marxist view of literature. Based on the aforementioned, the short stories of Muhammad Ali Jamalzadeh and Mikhail Naima were studied in this research based on the theories of the school of critical realism and its components, which indicate that realism is that which is concerned only with the problems of society, the life of the people, and the issues and problems of society in a critical form.  The results of the research showed that both writers strongly criticized social problems in their stories, and there are great similarities in their criticism of social issues, There are also differences between them in the way they deal with these issues. Both of them criticized the social problems prevalent at the time, such as suicide, betrayal, poverty, social stratification, the miserable status of women and other problems that spread in society, however, her criticism was taken more seriously by Naima than Jamal Ghazadeh's stories, while the ironic side of Jamal Ghazadeh's stories outperformed Na’meh's stories in this matter. One of the authors' main concerns in their two collections of stories was a severe and realistic criticism of the social situation, which came by relying on various expressive styles such as simple and colloquial prose, the use of proverbs and the Grotesque language. The two authors pursue their critical stories in the direction of realism, influenced by European writers to achieve their society-centered goals that can improve the status of society.

Nowadays dual – media and multi – media filters have been focused attention due to population increase, reduction in water resources, water born diseases and improper function of single medium filters. Unfortunately in Iran only single – medium filters are recommended for water treatment plants.Although the advantages of dual and multi – media filters have been proved but they are still rarely used in water treatment plants throughout the country.In this research, replacement of single – medium filters by dual and multi – media filters has been discussed and the best choice with regard the existing facilities in treatment palnts or in under construction plants has been chosen.For this purpose a comparison between single – medium sand filters, dual – media (sand plus anthracite) and multi – media (sand plus anthracite plus garnet) filters in pilot plant scale with filter No. 22 in Kan water treatment plant (Tehran # 2 water treatment plant) in real scale has been done in November, December 1999 and January 2000. In this research, the turbidity and head loss have been measured every 2 hours day and night in three different surface loads of 6,11 [3], and dual and multimedia filters are predominant over single – medium sand filter and filtrer No. 22 in Kan water treatment plant in all done experiments.

To answer the drawbacks put forward by skeptics and idealists, Kant suggested that a Copernican revolution be launched in the world of philosophy to seek to know the reality made according to our mind and perceptive faculties, instead of some knowledge in accordance with the real world. He claimed that the only way out of skepticism and idealism is to seek to know a reality formed in the mind. In other words, we must be satisfied with knowing the self-made world (mental entity) and consider the mental image of a thing as the thing itself (the reality itself). He thought that if one seeks to know, instead of ‘a reality independent of oneself’, ‘a reality made by his own perceptive faculties’, the certainty of his perceptions are ensured and the objections made by Berkeley and Hume are properly answered. In the present article, we have shown, by investigating Kan’s Copernican revolution and its logical implications, that Kan’s philosophy, in spite of his ample and admirable efforts, has not been successful in removing the doubts and is, indeed, another version of skepticism which would lead, logically, to pure idealism.

The present study identified macrobenthos in the proximal part of the Kan River in the summer and autumn of 2015. Five stations in the study area are selected including top area of Shrine Davood, Shrine Davood, Rendane, Holy Noorbakhsh and Sooleghan. The geographic location of each site was recorded using GPS system. Sampling was done by quadrat seasonally. The highest prevalence of macrobenthos was in the summer. Maximum frequency in summer was observed in Noorbakhsh station with 142 samples of macrobenthos, but Sooleghan station with 12 samples of macrobenthos has minimum frequency. Among the identified species, class Insecta has the most frequency (99.2%) and class oligochaeta has the less frequency (0.8 %). Also, Culex sp. has the most abundant per square meter (213 sample per square meter) and Lumbricus terrestris and Tipula sp. has the less abundant (2 sample per square meter). According to a bio-indicator values of HFBI, water quality of Kan River is medium in top area of Shrine Davood and relatively poor in other stations.

Prioritization of different regions at watersheds based on the erosion rate and sediment yield with approach of its economic effects can lead to the production of valuable information for projects of soil conservatism. The present study aim was sub-watersheds prioritization of Kan watershed based on erosion condition with the approach of economic losses from erosion and sediment. Therefore, the RUSLE model used to calculate amount of erosion and sediment of the Kan watershed at Tehran province. The average amount of erosion and sediment was 9 t ha-1 and 3.2 t ha-1, respectively, that the damage rate from direct and indirect cost estimated 220 1840.56 billion Rials, respectively. This rate calculated with amount of 10320 billion Rials for time period of 5 year. Also the results showed that the maximum and minimum costs of soil erosion is in the  C-1-2-1 and C2 sub-watersheds with rates of 79.23 and 0.50 billion Rials per year, respectively. Given that the damages caused by the non-performance of operation of watershed management will exponentially and significantly increase, therefore, the prioritization reason of work units for operation of watershed management can play the important role at reducing the damages amount at watersheds.

Punica granatum L. is one of Iran’s native medical plants which represents many nutritional compounds and pharmaceutical properties. The amount of biochemical composite of the fruit depends on the cultivar, environment, climate, ripeness stage, cultivating operations, and method of storage. The point of this research focuses on describing, assessing, and comparing 24 genotypes of the Iranian pomegranate using some noticeable nutritional features belonging to different provinces. In October 2017 pomegranate fruits from the collection of Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center were harvested in three repetitions. The results revealed significant differences between genotypes of the pomegranates in terms of nutritious characteristics at 1%. Our finding showed that the most amount of anthocyanin was seen in genotype Tabestani Shirin Saveh (S783) while the maximum level of polyphenols and total soluble solids were in genotype Gell mamouli Taft (Y491). The highest amount of antioxidant capacity was obtained in genotype Malas Daneh Ghermez Kan (T191) when the maximum level of total acidity was observed in Malas Zoodras Kan (T411). (T191) Malas Daneh Ghermez Kan and (Y976) Malas Poost Nazok Yazd which have good appearance quality and red-colored juice. The grouping of all the existing genotypes in the mentioned collection, due to biochemical and nutritional properties, should be considered a research priority.