The purpose of this research is the typology of tendency to marry among girls. The research, using qualitative methods, data-driven approach to theorizing (grounded theory) and semi-structured interview technique was interactive. The study population was female students of Shiraz University. Using purposeful and theoretical sampling, with 53 single students were interviewed. The results showed that in the study population, there are seven types of tendencies to marriage, including embedded tendency, hierarchical tendency, intellectual autonomy tendency, emotional autonomy tendency, egalitarian tendency, liquid tendency and anti-marriage tendency. Accordingly, two types of embedded tendency and hierarchical tendency surrounded by pre-modern discourse, and have features such as accepting the authority of patriarchal subordination of women and the acceptance of cultural and religious obligation to marriage. Also, emotional autonomy tendency and egalitarian tendency are influenced by modern discourse, with features such as central relationship, axial love and hedonism. Eventually, intellectual autonomy tendency, liquid tendency and anti-marriage tendency are influenced by postmodern discourse, with features such as individualism, liquid rationality, fragile, freedom and pluralism are non-alignment.

The realities of society show that the desire of young people to marry is reduced, and delayed marriage is beginning to become a social practice and privilege. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on marriage values and the marriage tendency in single girls living in Tehran.

The present study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design. Using non-random sampling, 46 female students studying at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of Tehran University of Science and Researchin the academic year 2017-218 were selected as the particpants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The participants in the experimental group underwent schema therapy training for 8 sessions. The participants in the two groups completed marriage values and marriage tendency questionnaires before and after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).

The results showed that schema therapy training  could increase egalitarianism, rational self-obedience values, and marriage tendency, and decrease emotional self-obedience, and hierarchical values ​​ (p<0.01).

The results of the study suggested that schema therapy training is a good way to improve marriage values ​​ and marriage tendency.

The current study was conducted in order to investigate the Role of Islamic hope, life meaning and irrational beliefs in predicting marriage tendency in university students. The method of this study was descriptive and correlation. Statistical population involved all students of university of Mohaghegh Ardabili at 2013-2014 educational years. One hundred and twenty single students are selected by multistage cluster sampling method. They were asked to respond questionnaire of Ahvaz irrational beliefs, life meaning, and tendency to marriage and hope scale. Data collection was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression and independent t tests. The results of this research indicate that there are relationship between tendency to marriage with hope (r=0/58, p<0/001), life meaning (r=0/47, p<0/001), and irrational beliefs (r=0/45, p<0/001). The results of regression analyze also indicate that these three variables predict about 43 percent of variance of tendency to marriage in university students. The author of the article concludes the results of this research supported the role of, life meaning and irrational beliefs in prediction of tendency to marriage of university students.

Relationships with the opposite sex before marriage lead to greater family vulnerability and persistence of marriage and family collapse and other social harms. It creates serious challenges to the social system and especially to girls, and raises many questions about the continued health of the Iranian family. Expansion of this phenomenon can threaten the standards of marriage and the values and norms of the family and the family of Iranians. The present paper seeks to examine the impact of premarital sexual relations before marriage on attitude, the rate of students' tendency towards marriage, and the degree of mutual trust between boys and girls, and answers the question that: what is the effect of marriage on the type of attitudes and relationships of couples and their degree of trust and the degree of students' tendency towards marriage and family planning?  In this article, the relationship with the opposite sex includes any relationship between a girl and a boy at all levels of emotion and sexuality with the intention of marriage or without the intention of marriage, and includes relationships in the cyberspace. Sex also means any contact and physical or sexual relationship with a friend of the opposite sex who has committed any kind of bondage and marriage
In this paper, in theoretical understanding of premarital sexuality or a fusion of ideas, there is great reliance on Inglehart's theory and fluid love and Giddens modernism. The subject of Inglehart's cultural transformation theory is capable of explaining some of the variables that are effective, and both Giddens and William Goud's theory of modernization, as well as Bowman's fluid love theory, can explain other aspects of this phenomenon. Hence, in the theoretical framework of this issue, we use Inglehart's Value Transformation Theory, Bowman Fluid Love Theory and Anthony Giddens Sexuality Theory.
The method of this research is survey. The statistical population of this research is all male and female students of the University of Isfahan in the academic year of 2016-17 at all educational levels. Sample size, 430 individuals, was selected using Cochran's formula. The required data were collected using a questionnaire, a randomized sampling method, and simple random sampling. Also, for analyzing the data, both descriptive and inferential statistics, and for measuring the validity and reliability of the Cronbach's coefficients, formal credentials and the Bartlett test were utilized.  According to the results of this paper, 84% of the respondents stated that they were not willing to marry a person who had sex before marriage and 88% of the sample also stated that having a premarital sex destroys a real love between couples. Moreover, 87% believed that those who had sex before marriage are not reliable, and 82% said that those who had sex before marriage would not be loyal to marriage. The results showed that 12% of boys and 5% of girls stated that they had sex before marriage.
According to research data, the close and progressive sexual intercourse with the opposite sex before marriage does not reduce the tendency of single girls and boys to marry. Premarital sexual relations, which are either intended to be married or less likely to respond to the emotional and sexual needs of individuals, are more related to the decline in marriage. Therefore, the main hypothesis of the research on the effect of premarital sexual relationships on the reduction of the tendency towards marriage was rejected by using Pearson correlation test at a significant level of 99%. Other factors, other than trust, have a positive effect on marriage tendency. Premarital sexual intercourse has only a negative impact on the level of trust in the opposite sex.
The findings indicate that premarital sex relations reduces the desire to marry female students, and creates a negative attitude towards marriage and family formation and mistrust of gender. The result of this study shows that the decline in the desire to marry is to raise the groundwork for increasing the average age of marriage as well as celibacy, the outcome of such a long term is a threat to the natural population growth. On the other hand, the structural transformation of relations between the sexes will develop in both genders, and this is not the view of the cultural transcendence of Iranian-Islamic society. Hence, studying this social issue with regard to the youth of the Iranian population is functional.
According to the study community, it is recommended that the university takes more serious policies and planning about young people's marriage. The research has two suggestions for the university: first, by informing young people about marital training, they should be aware of the harm and the issues without knowing it, through the organization of workshops on the training of life and sexual skills and the training of joys and pleasures. On the one hand, the teaching of communication skills with the opposite sex is felt to young people and students who want to form a family. It can be admitted that attitudinal and value changes in relation to marriage and friendship of a girl and a boy are one of the signs of the vast cultural change that is taking place in our transitional society. The phenomenon of relationship between a boy and a girl is a social reality that indicates a cultural change in the macro-social system of Iran. Although, this issue has been studied and researched as a social phenomenon, it is possible to expect that in other theoretical, social, political and economic spheres. Theoretically speaking, and due to the interaction among different social variables, we are also facing some kind of modernization, especially value-added modernization, and sometimes behavioral modernization.

The phenomenon of female-headed households is a social reality, that it can be seen today in most countries due to the various reasons. Female-headed households are the most vulnerable members of society. Therefore, the aim of current study was to compare the personality traits and hope among female-headed households with and without trend towards remarriage.
This study is a descriptive comparative research. The 140 female-headed households (25-50 ages) with tendency towards marriage (n=70) and without tendency towards marriage (n=70) were chosen through cluster simple in Tehran in 2015. The measuring instruments are State Hope Scale Snyder (1991) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (FFI-NEO). Data was analyzed utilizing t independent.
The results showed that there was significant difference between neuroticism (P=0.047), extraversion (P=0.006), openness (P=0.001) female-headed households with and without tendency towards marriage. Additionally, the significant difference was not observed between agreeableness (P= 0.88), conscientiousness (P= 0.149) and hope (P= 0.65) among female-headed households with and without tendency towards marriage.
These findings indicated there was a more tendency towards marriage in femaleheaded households with extraversion and openness and female-headed households with the neuroticism has less tendency towards marriage. Hence, it should be considered the educational program to enhance the extraversion and openness remarriage among female-headed households in order to change the attitude towards and finally to reduce social and individual problems.

The current study aimed to comparison the causes of celibacy and delay in marriage among male and female students, with emphasis on their attachment styles. The research design was descriptive with correlational and also ex post facto type. During the 2016-2017 academic years, 300 single students (150 Male- 150 Female) from state and Islamic Azad Universities were selected by cluster sampling and inclusion- exclusion criteria. The research tools were Marriage Interest questionnaire (Student Edition, Persaud), Adult Attachment Scale (AAC) and a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and stepwise multiple regression procedures. The results showed that legal factors in in female students and cultural factors in male students are the significant factors for delayed marriage and celibacy in students. Moreover, attachment styles can determine 5.1 % variance of students’ interest in marriage. Altogether, the results of this research indicate that students with secure attachment style have more tendency to marriage. Hence, training children with secure attachment style, improving the attachment style of young people, and remove the legal and cultural barriers of youth marriage could be increase the tendency to marriage.

The Orientalists usually suggested the causes of Shii emergence and existence of this thought in the contemporary period as well as t he causes of Iranian tendency toward Shiism. One of the Orientalist's ideas is the role of Imam Sajjad's (peace be upon him) mother and her relation to Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) in this tendency. On the basis of some tendencies, some of these Orientalists deny such a marriage, but accept the effect of the marriage reports on Iranian acceptance of Shiism, although some of them mention this marriage as the only cause of Iranian acceptance of Shiism.This writing does not have the intention to confirm the statements about the relation between Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) and Shahrabanoo, nor to deny it; because it requires another chance, rather it wants to state and critically examine the thoughts of the Orientalists about Shiism and the role of Imam Sajjad's (peace be upon him) mother in the Iranian approval tendency towards this thought school.

The family is a vital and initial basic social institution that is essential for both personal and public health. Individuals are affected by the families not only biologically and physically but also in terms of emotional, psychological and personality needs. In sociological and demographic terms, the legal, religious and customary dissolution of marriage is called divorce. In a specific meaning, divorce include dissolution of the relationship between husband and wife in a permanent marriage, followed by an absence of responsibility for couples in terms of rights and duties of marriage (Hoseini Beheshti, 1358-322). Divorce is a social problem that affects peoples’ lives severely. A look at the position of divorce in Iran shows that its rate has been upwardly increased in recent years. And this alone shows that divorce is an important problem. According to official statistics published by the Registry Office in 1380, 60559 cases of divorce have been registered. This number has increased to 98756 in 1385 and to 125747 in 1388. Kohgiloyeh and BoyerAhmad province has a high rate of divorce. In the city of Yasouj, for example, 1537 cases of marriage were registered in the year 1388, while 136 cases of divorce occurred. In other words, from each 11 marriages, one divorce occurred. But this statistics become worse in 1389 so that out of each 7 marriages one divorce occurred. One theory is that modern social changes instead of protecting the family, has lead to its collapse. This has a deep influence on health of the divorced or divorcing couples, their children and the health of society at large. So study and research about divorce from different dimensions seems to be essential. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate social factors that are influencing tendency to divorce in Yasouj city. The theoretical framework used in this study is a composition of exchange theory, social relationships within community, spouse similarity theory and theory of Randall Collins for explaining the tendency towards divorce. Based on the above theories, we developed 9 hypotheses including: 1-there is a significant relationship between educational difference of spouses and their tendency towards divorce. 2- There is a significant relationship between age differences and tendency towards divorce. 3- There is a significant relationship between levels of interaction with kinship groups and tendency towards divorce. 4- There is a significant relationship between sexual and emotional satisfaction with partner and tendency towards divorce. 5- There is a significant relationship between understanding the partner before marriage and tendency towards divorce. 6- There is a significant relationship between sense of loyalty and tendency towards divorce. 7- There is a significant relationship between level of emotional energy and tendency towards divorce. 8- There is a significant relationship between the main criteria for choosing a spouse at the time of marriage and tendency towards divorce. 9- There is a significant relationship between class difference and tendency towards divorce. The method of research is survey and research population include families of Yasouj city in 1390. Sample size included 384 individuals who were selected by using Cochran formula. Sampling method was multi-stage clustering method. A research-made questionnaire was used for data collection, whose face validity was confirmed and whose reliability was guaranteed by using Cronbach alpha coefficient.Discussion of Results & According to the findings of this research, %54.7 of respondents had little tendency, %23.7 had medium tendency and %21/6 had strong tendency towards divorce. 8 hypotheses out of all research hypotheses were accepted and only one was rejected, that is, the relationship between spouse age differences and tendency towards divorce. The results of correlation coefficient tests show that there is a significant relationship between educational difference and tendency towards divorce. Also, communication with relatives and tendency towards divorce are in a reverse and significant correlation with each other. The fourth hypnosis was sexual and emotional satisfaction from wife and its relationship with tendency towards divorce. This correlation coefficient was significantly confirmed, showing that there is reverse relationship between the two variables. Results obtained from Pearson correlation test between understanding of spouses before marriage from each other and their tendency towards divorce is significant in a reverse direction. Also correlation coefficient test between loyalty to spouse and tendency towards divorce is significant and at a negative direction. There is also a significant and reverse relationship between the level of emotional energy and tendency towards divorce. Class differences of the families and tendency towards divorce is also in a significant relationship. According to the theories that were considered in this research, it can be concluded that exchange theory, with an emphasis on attractiveness as a principle, suggests that correspondence of opponent with criterion is important for mate selection. Also, violation from rules and norms of marital relationship can lead to divorce.

This article is the outcome of the study with the purpose of considering the relationship between the criteria of marriage including the romantic love and proportionate marriage with marital satisfaction. In this article, it has been taken advantage of the theory of universal language of love by Hendrix and triangular theory of Sternberg, Yung’s unconscious ideal sample, as well as the theory of proportionate marriage and dealing. The data has been collected via the survey method among the couples resident in Tehran. The result of independent-T test indicated that the amount of tendency of romantic love among the couples with no marital satisfaction is more than that of couples with marital satisfaction; moreover, the amount of tendency towards the proportionate marriage is more among satisfied couples compared with dissatisfied ones. The marital values were mostly observed among satisfied couples. Furthermore, the results of Pearson Correlation test proved the mere existence of relationship between romantic love and marital satisfaction among the satisfied people. In the satisfied group, the proportionate marriage variable is of positive relationship with marital satisfaction while in the other group, it was not observed such a relationship.

According to social science researchers, the family is the smallest and most important social institution, and marriage is the basis of the family and a desirable and Islamic obligation. There are theories that indicate the desire to marry among young people is influenced by economic, social and political factors. The tendency ot marry in the country is considered as one of the important issues and changes in tendency to marry in Hamadan province as one of the provinces of the country were investigated. This research was conducted among the 18-35-year-old youth of Hamadan province in year 2023, and 388 of them were selected for the study using Cochran formula. The collected data were analyzed using Spss software. Results of the research for the tendency to marry indicate that there is a significant relationship between variables such as attachment to parents, individuality in choosing a spouse, idealistic expectations from marriage, having financial resources, believing in the cost- benefit of marriage, socializing with the opposite sex. and there is no connection with the acceptance of gender equality. Finally, the regression results show that the five variables of attachment to parents, idealistic expectation of marriage, having financial resources, belief in the cost-opportunity of marriage, socializing with the opposite sex can account for 60.6% of the variance of the dependent variable (tendency to marriage).