The process of modernization expanded so much that it covered the whole world and modern culture excelled in the realm of art and thought through the globalization trends. But on the other hand, as the modern identity continues to expand, it is divided into a large number of scattered parts, and this fragmentation of the prism leads to the formation of various forms of social subjectivity and cultural identity. The central question of the article is: through what developments has the phenomenon of globalization and technology led to the strengthening of subjectivity and the weakening of traditional structures of meaning production? The following article shows how Iran has been affected by the growth of new ideas and thoughts since the day of the constitutional revolution. Those are the ideas that have become widespread in the light of globalization and the expansion of social network technology and have challenged the hegemony of power structures and ideological institutions by creating new actors. The emergence of new actors has been associated with the emergence of a new way of social action, and the present research tries to identify and explain these new forms of action by using the framework of discourse analysis

The majority of literature in studying the impact of advanced communication and information technology on the concept of sovereignty have concerned the challenges facing the sovereignty. The main focus of this study is to survey how new technologies have developed and brought changes into the concept of sovereignty. The concept has had different definitions: sometimes has been extended to include any subject, but at another time under the influence of certain phenomena viewed as limited.This study , explaining the concept of sovereignty, extends to information era and makes a hypothesis that the advanced communication and information technology , providing people with free access to information and increased awareness and reducing the cost of process and transmission of information, Has paved the way for the emergence of new actors in International Relations. With the empowerment of these new actors, the sovereignty lost its traditional sense (absolute, indivisible and permanent) and developed into responsibility. In regard to the impact of technologies on the concept of sovereignty, we can distinguish between two types of sovereignty: legal and operational sovereignty. The paper concluded that the constitutional sovereignty has been challenged by the information revolution while the operational sovereignty has faced enormous technical and cost challenges.

This study examines the hydropolitical developments in the Euphrates basin over the past two decades utilizing the hydropolitical security complex framework. The primary research question is: "How have power dynamics in the last two decades influenced the hydropolitical security complex of the Euphrates?" The research hypothesis posits that the dynamics of vertical and horizontal relationships have transformed shared water resources from a factor for sustainable development into a variable for power acquisition. Furthermore, it suggests that the emergence of new actors has increased the complexity of water interactions within the Euphrates hydropolitical security complex. This investigation employs a qualitative methodology and analysis of credible documents to examine vertical and horizontal relationships within the basin. The findings indicate that, in addition to changes in the regional power structure and the emergence of new actors, climate change has also altered the basin's hydropolitical dynamics. This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of recent developments, offering a deeper understanding of the intertwining of water relations and broader security issues in the Euphrates basin.

This article tries to explain effects of cyber threats on national security. Authors claim that cyber threats has raised phenomenon of power dispersion which enables small states toexercise their authority, and enables new actors like corporations, organized groups and individuals, to participate in globalised power equations. So they argue that, cyber threat has influences on national security in aspects of: concept of security, state-centrism in security, geographical aspect of threats, diffusion of vulenerabilities, diversity of actors in security field and way of confronting threats.

The State has for centuries been the only actor of the international system. After the end of the Second World War II, theoretical foundations and some practical facts led to the erosion of statehood and the emergence and diversification of new actors in the international arena. New actors recognized in the anti-realist views of international relations including liberalism and its branches and theories such as postmodern and by designing concepts such as global civil society, transnationalism, globalization and soft power, make the changes in the form and nature of international relations. In addition to, some practical realities such as the permeability of state sovereignty and the development of new subjects such as human rights and the environment have accelerated this change. It has been made to highlight the role of sub-state actors in foreign policy. The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is also influenced by some actors in different ways. How did these influences occur? After studying the sub-states actors, identify their ways of influence on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran through Participation in public diplomacy of the country, The promotion of Iranian-Islamic culture, Humanitarian measures, Normalization, Signing Agreements, and technical-commercial exchanges.

Inspired by Theodore Becker's 1991 paper, and also because of the ineffectiveness of traditional and state-oriented international relations theories in explaining new issues such as the emergence of network policy, the increasing engagement of international actors in the global arena and the growth of phenomena such as terrorism, it is necessary to develop a new model of analysis to international politics, which seems the idea of ​​quantum theory of international politics has a high degree of applicability in this area.This paper seeks to answer the question of what ontological and epistemological features of quantum policy exist and how it can be used to explain the phenomena of International Politics? Accordingly, it is claimed that due to the emergence of new actors in international politics that are distinct from the nature of traditional actors of international relations (Nation- States), we need a new model of analysis methodology to justify the logic of action of these categories of actors. Therefore, the particle and non-derivative of some of the new phenomena of international politics may lead to a kind of inaccuracy in the analysis of this type of international politics.

Through the convergence of satellite and internet networks, new communication technologies have opened the platform for the emergence of new actors, including governments, organizations, companies, groups, and new personalities to enter the field of foreign policy and openly compete with traditional powers in the field of international relations. Investigating the impact of new technologies on the emergence of new actors in the international field is the main goal of this research. In the theoretical framework of the research, the approach of liberalism and power and technology theorists (Nye and Toffler) have been used. The statistical population of the research includes all university professors and students of post-graduate courses in political science and communication sciences, experts and media experts across the country in 2019 and the sample size was estimated to be 384 according to Cochran's formula. This research was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way using the survey method and researcher-made questionnaire tools, and descriptive statistics and factor analysis statistics were used to analyze the research findings. The findings of the research showed that new communication technologies, including five factors of web and mobile social networks, cyber journalism, virtual space, satellite networks and the Internet (search engines), in the emergence of global actors (transnational and international organizations, multinational companies, new governments and terrorist groups) are influential. But these influences are not the same and the biggest impact is attributed to the two factors of the Internet and virtual space.

The paper aims at illustrating the nature of the cyber revolution and its impacts on the character as well as contents of espionage. It seems that the cyber space has led to go beyond of time and place constraints with regard to espionage and therefore, variety of espionage and new actors in this field as well as introduction of different field of espionage have caused profound impacts on the nature and contents of espionage. With this development, the cyber espionage heralds a turning point in the field of espionage, so one can argue that by the revolution in cyber technology, a revolution in espionage will be inevitable.

Today, theory of control provides a rich methodology and a set of supporting principles and tools for analysis of regional orders and its strategies and actors. Today, anti- systemic groups is a key concept in modern management of regional orders and interconnection between control system and new actors. Despite significant changes in international relations in recent decades the study of regional orders and their control are not at core of theories of international relation. Anti-systemic groups, as one of control variables in the regional orders, particularly in West Asia regional order, as an important strategic region, has been highlighted. Therefore, the core object of current research is to make a response to this question that what is the role and function of anti-systemic groups in order control system of West Asia region? In reply to this question, it can be said that anti-systemic groups will help to operation of control systems, including balance of power, deterrence and compellence, in asymmetrical condition of power and complexity of regional order. So, explaining the problem of offensive and resistant anti-systemic groups, as a mechanism for balancing, deterring and compelling, in West Asia region, is the main aim of this article. This survey concludes by considering the functions of these new actors for attempts to explain the management of new regional order.

Bruno Latour, the contemporary Philosopher and Anthropologist in the era of science and technology based on the actant-network theory with network-based approach looks at the creatures of the world and the existent relationships among them. In a way that world regardless of any prevalent categorizations and distinctions as real-unreal and natural-artificial is full of human and non-human activists and actant s that they are making new nexuses and networks in order to reach to their goals. All of the creatures either human or small and large creatures, technological artifacts and tools function as an actor in this world and in the networks they entered. In this way, the nature of each actant in within network and in relation and proportion with the other actors is changed and made. The concern of this theory is the study of the way of uniting different actors in within network. The theory of actant -network is one of the most important contemporary thought circles in studies of science (technologies, religion, anthropology, law) and technologies that is generalizable to art field especially, photography. Accordingly the photography production can be considered as a network actor and the product of uniting three factors of camera, photographer and the world that the way of uniting this factor with each other led to creating multifarious photos. Therefore, the aim of this study is examination and analyzing photography action based on the actant network theory, Bruno Latour. Consequently this essay is focused on the descriptive-analytic and adaptive method to answer this question that what the place and role of each of the main actants is in photographic practice means camera, photographer and the world in the process of photography production? The results demonstrated that in photography action, three factors as camera (as technological medium with multiple facilities), photographer (in position of human action with especial goals) and the world (as non-human action) are to synthesize and regardless of dominant look, each of them links with the other factors with different ways in the network and influences on the other actors and finally by interaction of them, one photo with especial and distinct features can be made. When each photo exposes to attention after production and supply in photography society can start role playing in within photography network as a new actor and led to create new nexuses and actions. From the beginning, that camera and its components have developed over time until now which digital technology have had a significant effect on photography; definition, nature, role and place of photographer and the world have changed in photography network. The shift from analog and green photography to digital and pixel element had not been merely a change in photography technologies and tools. But it made a revolution in the whole of network and the involved actors in photography field and paved the way for appearance of different orientations within photography network. Photography network is still changing as it affected by new actors arrival. Actant-network theory can be used for photo critique.