Work accidents and injuries are important issues because it usually happens for the young and active population in the society. Every year, lots of workers in the country loss their productivity and health because of work accident. The aim of this study is to find the main causes of accidents and injuries at work and suggesting the possible prevention solutions. The study was done in Fayyazbakhsh hospital which is the most active hospital in referring work injuries. For one month, 320 patients related to work injury participated in the study. Most injuries were related to the hand and they were severe. The most important factors in work accidents were psychic problems, past illness history, lack of education, budget problem and not using safety tools and helmet during the work. It is necessary to pay attention to problems which target workers, employees, insurance organizations, welfare institutes and finally society.

Because of some reasons local flaps are not suitable in the cases with upper extremity injuries. lattismus dorsi flaps are recommended in these cases. We present a twenty eight years old male with upper extremity trauma with type 3C left homerus fracture and destruction of triceps. Reconstruction made using lattismus dorsi flap and in a two month follow up we find a 30o Extention lag comparing to the right elbow while the patient had cosmetically satisfaction.

All over the world, and particularly in industrialized countries, the transport of hazardous materials has till years a continuously increasing trend. Public concern is focused mainly on road and rail transport, since the routes used for road and rail transportation of hazardous substances necessarily come closer and sometimes also cross densely populated areas. In this study 322 accidents that occurred during the road transport of hazardous materials (hazmat) in Iran from 2008 to 2012 was carried out. In this study, causes of accidents, accident frequency, characteristics of location, type of material involved in the accidents, the distribution of risks of accidents, accidents frequency, population affected by road traffic accidents, social risks of hazardous materials accidents and environmental factors affecting the distribution of the accidents were examined. The results showed, causes of accident were human factors (60.67%), followed by vehicle transport (17.83%), environmental factors (11.44%) and packaging and loading (10.06). Study showed that the frequency of accidents has increased significantly in recent years and the need for improve safety measures revealed. Keywords: Hazmat transportation, Road accidents, Event tree analysis.

Nowadays, with the progress and development, challenge of accidents occurrence is steadily increasing. Prediction, prevention and control of accidents are required of on time investigation, analysis and implementation of necessary control measures. Therefore, this study aimed to analysis of registered accidents in 18 database of a Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center (DEMMC) was conducted This cross sectional study was conducted based on accidents that recorded in during a year (from Sep 2013 to Sep 2014) in 18 database of a DEMMC. According to the objectives of the study, data required were extracted from electronic records and, were entered into forms designed in Access programs, then using the 18 SPSS were analyzed. In the interval a year, a total of 10,440 and average of 870 ± 128 people per month have been experienced an accident, so that, 60.93% men and 31.65% were women. The highest and lowest occurrence of accident related to the age groups 20 to 29 years (25.83%) and less than 10 years (3.23%), respectively. Ratio people that suffered in non-vehicle accidents (59%) to vehicle accidents (41%) was 1.4 fold, while mortality ratio in the non-vehicle accidents to vehicle accidents was 7.4 fold. 66.99% of people after the accident were hospitalized. September (11.17%) had highest accident occurrence in during the year. The greatest accidents involving vehicles, while accidents related to neurological and cardiovascular have the highest frequency among non-vehicle accidents, respectively. Prevention and significantly reduction the life and financial losses resulting from the accidents in the country, because of the great variety of types and causes of them, need to a comprehensive and national program of accident prevention and reducing damage of them. In addition, Creating a comprehensive and specific database of vehicles and non- vehicles accidents of all country can have an important role in prediction, prevention and control of accident.

The appropriate allocation of development budget for the safety upgrading of roads is one of the most specific safety management criteria in the roads. Determining the high risk areas and their prioritization for their accident probability is the fundamental step for planning of the roads safety.The determination of the risk of an area, is usually implemented by the investigating the frequency of accidents, rate of accidents, and the intensity of accidents. In this paper making use of Bayesian Theory, a method for determination of the risk in various points in a road and their prioritization is developed. In this method, on the basis of present information on accidents in one section, (which may be according to the engineering judgment or the statistics of accidents in the past years), the accident risk of the section is estimated and then by observation the real accidents occurred up to the end of the year, the risk rate of that section is estimated. Then these areas (which are similar to each other from traffic and geometrical points of view) are prioritized on the basis of their accident probability.One of the major factors in prediction of accidents in an accident prone section is the number of occurred accidents there. The greater the number of accidents compared to the traffic volume, the higher the number of risky factors. The second factor responsible for the accident probability of a section in the road is the intensity of accidents. The ratio of accidents which are ended to death toll, to the total number of accidents on that section is the intensity rate of accidents. Therefore in this research the accident prone areas are prioritized according to both parameters for their probability of accidents.The behavior of a section in the road for its accident proneness should be specified according to the distribution function of accidents there, to the traffic volume on that section. The higher the accuracy of fitting of a distribution functions on the accidents statistics, the more precise will be the prediction of accidents in the future. In this paper a model has been developed on the basis of Bayesian theory for determination of the risk rate of an area. The accuracy of the developed method comparing to other models is higher, in case of availability if some pert data in the study. By using this method it would be possible to determine the safety criteria for all the similar points through sampling of some points and studying their characteristics. Not to mention that the developed method, although is one of the statistical inference methods, but is sensitive towards its preliminary assumptions which are the former distribution function and the risk function. Due to sampling of similar areas, the Bayesian Method is more accurate for determination of the risk factor compared to classic methods.

There is a high prevalence of occupational injuries due to accidents in construction industries which affect human health. Therefore, the exploration and analysis of contributing factors of such accidents can lead to their prevention and the reduction of their consequences. This study was conducted with the aim to identify factors related to occupational injuries and the severity of their consequences on large construction sites in Iran. This study was an cross-sectional investigation on five-sequential-year accidents on large construction sites. Data includeds the information of 500 human injuries due to accidents. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical software and statistical tests such as linear regression, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The mean accident frequency rate and accident severity rate was 4.71 and 216.28, respectively. The average age and job experience of injured workers were 29.18 ± 7.67 and 4.67 ± 3.9 years respectively, and had significant statistical difference with accident frequency rate and accident severity rate (P < 0.05). The association between accident indices and all factors related to accident type, equipment-related factors, unsafe condition and act and accident nature was found to be significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that accident frequency rate and accident severity rate had a significant association with all factors related to health, safety, and the environment (HSE) training, housekeeping and HSE control measures (P < 0.05). The results indicate that the occurrence and severity of construction accidents were due to the combination of failures in a collection of different contributing factors including demographical and organizational factors, accident type, factors related to work conditions and equipment, unsafe actions and conditions, nature of accidents, HSE training and control measures, and accident time and place. Therefore, to prevent and reduce the rate of such accidents, all these factors should be regarded.

Each year, urban accidents cause thousands of deaths physical and mental and financial losses in the world. Therefore, the study of pattern and conditions of accidents are very important in various aspects. The paper aims to assess the epidemiologic pattern of accidents reported to the Firefighting and Safety Services Organization in Zahedan. In this retrospective and descriptive-analytical study, 373 accidents reported to Firefighting and Safety Services Organization in Zahedan from 2011 to 2013 was assessed and analyzed based on available data using Chi-square, Fisher Exact Tests and SPSS.16. (p=0.05) In this study, 29.2 percent of accident reported in the spring season, 64% were fire accident, 35.4% were happened in house buildings and 52.8% in residential places. Most of the accidents include deliberately and violence (13.1%), traffic accidents (10.17%) and electrical accidents (9.1%). The mortality and injury were reported in 4% and 17% of accidents, respectively. There was not statistically significant relationship between mortality and injury with type of the accident and type of the building that accident happened in it (P>0.5). However, there was statistically a significant relationship between type of the building that accident happened in it and economic burden (P=0.032) and between rapid action and injury occurrence. (P=0.021) According to the result, major accident were fire accident, therefore fire organizations need to equip their fire extinguishing systems and implement staffs education systems more and more in this field. As the number of houses building accident is more than apartments, so reconstruction old buildings and education about safety with priority of old building is too important. It seems that in some cases people who have done primary action may cause some problems to distinguishers. Therefore, they must have trained necessary educations and correct action. It sound that type of accident is not main issue, rather thought and interpose with accident and the rate of facilities must be in priority.

One of the basic measures to prevent accidents is to analyze the accidents that have occurred and investigate the causes of their occurrence to prevent similar accidents. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the occurrence of accidents in AJA (with emphasis on car and workshop accidents). The type of research is applied and the method of implementation is Delphi method. The statistical population of this study was all inspection experts in the affiliated units of AJA Headquarters, AJA Headquarters Inspection and Accident Management AJA Inspector who has more than 20 years of service and has a master's degree and has experience in accidents. They are operational and their number is 6 people. The method of data collection in this research is through interviews with experts and review of documents.The Delphi questionnaire was distributed among experts in three stages and evaluated using the Likert scale. In each stage, we examined each factor using the Kendall coefficient calculation and the results showed that according to the results of the third round Delphi questionnaire, Forward, non-observance of the right of way, sudden change of direction, movement with the rear gear, non-observance of longitudinal distance, inability to control the vehicle, non-observance of transverse distance, movement in the opposite direction, Third round, age, marital status, educational status, work experience in the workshop, work experience in the current job shift work are the main causes of workshop accidents.

This study aimed to prediction of injury severity of pedestrian in rural accident and
evaluation of factors affecting on this. So, the factors affecting the death or injury of
pedestrian accidents in Tehran province rural roads during 1388 to 1390 were analyzed
by using ordered logit model. Explanatory variables that turned out to be significant in
the final models are driver characteristics; time of accident; the vehicle involved in the
accident; pedestrian guilty; distance from the nearest station; the cause of the accident
scene; andthe number of vehicles involved in the accident.The results indicated that
the type of vehicle involved in the accident, location of accident, time of accident and
pedestrian guilty have a significant role inthe severity of pedestrian accidents. Finally,
with respect to the studied variables can be allowed by policy, recommendations was
improved to the safety of pedestrians crossing the road in Tehran province rural road.