The realization of the public service land uses –such aseducational, park and green space, cultural, therapeutic and sports venues—guarantees the quality of life of citizens. However, the evaluation of land use planning in urban development plans reveals a consistent failure to realize these uses.This research aimed to identify the fundamental obstacles to the realization of these public service land uses and propose a framework to address these challenges .  A significant issue in the southwest planning area of Mashhad has been the non-realization of a considerable portion of public service land uses, even though the area was predominantly empty and undeveloped at the time of preparing the detailed plans. This issue arises when planning is prioritized over actual development.The detailed plans among the urban development plans were selected for this study becuase they are the most precise in terms ofland use planning at the  parcel level. Therefore, first of all, the achievement level of proposed public service uses in the detailed plans in the southwest of Mashhad planning area wasmeasured quantitatively by comparing  the pre-proposed plan with the current situation. This comparison was conducted using both overlapping and non-overlapping methods. The findings indicate an average achievement rate of 38% of the proposed area, a figure that is far from satisfactory.Following this, the reasons for the non-realization of these uses were identified using qualitative research method, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 urban planning experts and data were analyzed using open and axial coding techniques. From this analysis, 11 central issues were identified, withtwo fundamental issues emerging as root causes“planning regardless of ownership issue” and “weakness and ambiguity in existing laws and lack of attention to rectifying it”. This identification was done based on the frequency of open codes and their classification in axial codes.The first fundamental issue highlights the need for planners to consider land ownership types and registered ownership boundaries when designating public service uses. The second fundamental issue although outside the immediate scope of planning, pertains to urban laws and significantly impacts the realization of public service uses. Both issues demand special attention to improve the realization of public service land uses.  Addressing land ownership in land use planning and resolving legal ambiguities are crucial steps in enhancing the feasibility of these uses. Using the qualitative content analysis method and based on the results of the interviews and theoretical foundations, the inadequacy of related laws was further examined. The findings indicate the necessity of planning the public service land uses based on the ownership considerations and the clarification and amendment of related laws to form a viable framework. Keywords: Land use planning in detailed plan, non-realization of public service land uses, major damages and obstacles, ownership issue, ambiguity in laws, proposed framework

Public services is one of the most important and basic theories of Iranian administrative law and despite some developments in this field, it still retains its important and fundamental position in the Iranian administrative system. Now, about three decades have passed since the pursuit of market-oriented policies and the transformation of the Iranian public sector based on the principles of "new public management". Given that administrative law is inextricably linked to the history of government-market relations, and that the emergence of the concept of public services was essentially the product of an attitude toward the need for government intervention in the market and economic and social affairs, the question arises as to whether Will not the rule of market-oriented policies undermine public services, and in particular the universality of these services? To answer this question, while reviewing the concepts of market-oriented governance and public services, we have used two well-known frameworks to qualitatively assess the publicness of public services using the analytical-descriptive method. Accordingly, it has been proposed to re-engineer public services and the role of government in providing them, in line with newer theories such as new public services or the neo-webberian state, and compensatory policies should be adopted by then.

Today, with the expansion of cities and the increase in the city's population, we always see the distribution of the population in different areas of the city. From services and as a result injustice in social welfare. Therefore, the present research was conducted using descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of analyzing social justice and population distribution in the distribution of urban public services, using GIS software in the city of Torbat Heydarieh. The statistical population of this research consists of 13 districts in the city of Torbat Heydarieh, which are zoned in the Arc GIS environment. Also, this research calculated population distribution and dispersion by using Gini model and Shannon entropy model, and finally by using ArcMap environment to draw maps of distribution pattern and spatial dispersion of the closest neighborhood distance of uses and public services and ranking of areas in 13 districts of this city. Paid. The results show that areas (2-7-8-4) are very favorable areas, areas (1-5-10) are favorable, areas (11-12-3) are relatively favorable, areas (5-6) are Deprived and district (13) are ranked as the most deprived district of urban public services in this city. Therefore, in different areas of Torbat Heydarieh city, the distribution of public services is not fair and proportional to the distribution and number of the population; So that some areas have desirable public services and some others, especially the outskirts of the city, lack services or are distributed in an unfavorable manner, which requires basic planning and budgeting.

Spatial and environmental justice means the fair distribution of resources to achieve a balanced society, and one of the approaches is social justice. The measurement of spatial justice in the distribution of urban public services is Superior goal and important for urban planners, and is the of needs urban management. This paper tries to analyze the distribution of urban public services Using 14 indicators of public services in the 22 areas of the city Sanandaj. For objective of this research is in the category applied research and is using of method descriptive- analytical . For collecting the essential data, field research and library- based methods have been used, with the existing data in last approved Detailed plan 1390 city Sanandaj and In the end, considering the purpose of the research, the collected data has been analyzed using VIKOR technique and GIS. The results have shown that the benefits of urban public services in area city Sanandaj is not fair And is then distributed in area city. 3 Area (Area 6, Area 11, Area 17) on the eve of the crisis and the crisis in the enjoyment of urban service, 7 Area (Area 1, Area 2, Area 3, Area 5, Area 14, Area 20, Area 21) in the low to moderate in Enjoyment. 6 Area (Area 4, Area 8, Area 9, Area 10, Area 18, Area 19) has a favorable trend and half received , 6 Area (Area 7, Area 12, Area 13, Area 15, Area 16, Area 22) has a favorable situation to be in.

Achieving social justice in the distribution of urban services is one of the important goals of urban planners in order to fairly allocate social costs and equalize the use of local capacities for the welfare and social development of citizens. The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the spatial distribution of urban public services using health-treatment, cultural-religious services index and urban facilities and equipment in the four districts of Ardabil with the approach of social justice. Data and information collection has been done using documentary, library and field methods. To analyze the data and information, Shannon's entropy technique was used to determine the coefficient of importance and in order to determine the extent of having a 6-ARAS model, Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between population and status. . According to the assessment made with the ARAS model, it was determined that in the health and medical services of region one, the privileged regions are deprived of regions two and three and the fourth region is deprived, in the cultural-religious services of region one, the regions are deprived. And three semi-privileged regions of region two are deprived, in the services of urban facilities and equipment of region one have privileges, regions three and two have semi-privileged and "region four deprived" and in total the service indicators of region one

The doctrine of public function has fundamentally changed the classic concept of public services. Because this doctrine has denied the monopoly of personal and organizational criteria in recognizing public service and by resorting to some other criteria, some private sector activities are also considered public services in addition to the services provided by the public sector. The public function doctrine, by presenting a new concept of public service, also changes the criteria for recognizing administrative contract. Accordingly, any contract subject to public service, regardless of the personality of the contract parties, is considered an administrative contract. Thus, in such contracts, with legal supporting, it is possible to anticipate prerogative powers. In fact, a contract in which the parties are private, based on the existence of the subject of public services and the components of public interest, is considered an administrative contract and the public service provider can have prerogative powers. By this conceptual and substantive change, the jurisdiction of the administrative courts in judicial proceeding to claims arising from administrative contracts will also be expanded and these authorities can hear the contractual claims of both private parties, provided that there is a public service issue in that contract.

After the privatization of public services and handing over public services to private sector, the issue of whether or not necessary to apply the rule of the government on privatized firms providing public services was raised. On one hand, according to theoretical foundations of privatization, the private management of public services is more efficient than public management, and on the other hand, the profit-seeking logic of private sector conflicts with public interest as foundation of public service theory. The present article by using the analytical and descriptive method, prove this hypothesis that government is not only permitted, but is obliged to govern in public services market in order to protect the classic principles of public service, manage market failures, promote and preserve competition and protect the rights of consumers, and therefore reconcile benefits of private management of public services and public interest.

Since the beginning of its theory, the public services faced with conceptual ambiguity and its substantive diagnostic criteria, at least in practice, has not been clear. The privatization of public services and undermining the criterion of "government intervention" and "public interest purpose" added to the existing ambiguity. In these circumstances, the public function doctrine, aimed at protecting the fundamental rights of citizens and their legitimate expectations and consolidation of state responsibility and prescription of regulatory in the market of public services was outlined and welcomed. According to this doctrine, apart from public services that are offered directly by the government, services that were previously provided by the government, but are now provided by the private sector, are also consideredaspublic services. This paper usingdescriptive and analyticalmethod, at first, analyzesverbalandsubstantiveconceptof public service, then reviews thecontentof public function doctrine and evolution of concept of public service and finally studiespurposes and effects ofadoption of public function doctrine.

Relativity in needs besides flexibility in citizens expectations, quality and amount of serving public services lead to emergence of a control mechanism on serving system. complying public services with requirements, known as "public service serving principles" is a prerequisite to managing them. Moreover, the importance of the continuity principle, requires a ceaseless reach to public services which guarantees both public order and public interest’s realization in society. Accordingly, establishing a court of justice to orientate of public service principles to external serving forms seems necessary. Because of particular nature of public services in administrative law, the scope this paper has been focused on is the quality of judicial review of Iranian supreme administrative court. Consequently, Invoking serving public service principles (namely Principle of Equality, Neutrality, Principle of Continuity of Public Service) in Iranian supreme administrative court jurisdiction indicates accordance of this court jurisprudence and approach with above-mentioned principles

In recent years, performance gap between private and public sector has affected researchers of public administration to pay attention to the concept of public service motivation. Present research has been accomplished aiming at improving public service motivation among employees of public sector and is intended to identify effective factors on public service motivation. For this reason, 196 people of employees at Qom central municipality have been studied in a descriptive survey method. Results show that family socialization, religious socialization, professional identity, job characteristics, member/leader exchange and role situation are effective on public service motivation. On the other hand, results showed that demographic characteristics dont affect on public service motivation. Based on research results, absorbing people who have strong and related family background and also stronger religious beliefs will lead in improving public service motivation in municipality. Furthermore, improving group and professional identity, redesigning jobs in a flexible way and based on freedom of action, trust creation between leader and member and disclosure of organization's roles expand public service motivation in municipalities.