The purpose of this study is identifying the influential factors in creating query suggestions. The query suggestion has become one of the most fundamental features of web search engines that help to user formulate the query and meet the information needs by providing possible keywords. In this research, in order to identify the effective factors in creating the query suggestions had used a systematic review. For this purpose, keywords of English and Persian language related to query suggestions have been searched in foreign scientific databases such as Science Direct, Emerald, Scopus, Online Willy, IEEE and internal databases of Magiran, Scientific Information Database of Jihad, and Cilivica to were found articles related with the effective contextual factors in creating query suggestions. In order to systematic review, method of Wright et al. (2007) was used that include seven steps: determination of  research question, determination of protocol, literature search, data extraction, quality appraisal, data analysis  and result. After search for Persian and English keywords and matching them with entry and exit criteria, 36 articles were selected to extract effective factors The findings of the systematic review in the field of the query suggestion show that five factors of location, time, user search sessions (including the user's current search session and user search history), hybrid factors, and other contexts were effective in creating query suggestions.Identification the influential factors in creating query suggestions helps researchers and those who interested in this domain to use appropriate contexts in accordance with the characteristics and conditions of the search tools and help the user to retrieve more relevant information.

Query suggestions are a supporting tool in information search tools that help users query formulation. The purpose of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the use of query suggestions through the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP).

This study is an applied quantitative research that used a researcher-made questionnaire as instrument to collect the data. Five experts in data retrieval were asked to consider its items and comment on their relevance to the topic under study to ensure the validity of the questionnaire. The inconsistency rate was also used to verify the reliability of the questionnaire items. The questionnaire was distributed to 12 experts to gather the data for this study. To analyze the data, the FAHP was used in which the experts compared the pair of the main criteria, the sub-criteria of each criterion, and the final priority of the sub-criteria.

In this study, the criteria were classified into two categories: criteria related to the query suggestions system and criteria related to the user. Among the criteria related to the user criteria of domain knowledge and expertise, level of linguistic knowledge, and user’s query and among the criteria related to the query suggestions system the criteria of "source of creation of query suggestions (main and contextual), semantic features of query suggestions, and ease of use of query suggestions were the first to third priorities. Moreover, based on the final weight of each sub-criterion, the sub-criterion ‘the level of user’s expertise in the field of search’ was placed in the first priority; while ‘the difference between the user’s original language and the search information’ received the second priority; ’source of creation of query suggestions’ was in the third place; ‘providing semantic correlation between user’s queries and the query suggestions including broad, specific, related, and synonyms’ was placed in the fourth priority, and Providing a list of query suggestions in order of relevance placed in the fifth priority,  respectively.

The results of this study showed that ‘source of creation query suggestions’ and ‘domain knowledge and expertise’ was ranked first in prioritizing the main criteria. This finding suggests that the designers of the query suggestions should make a good choice of sources. Besides, prioritizing the factors affecting the use of query suggestions provides valuable information to designers and researchers in query suggestions. They can identify essential factors by prioritizing the factors affecting query suggestions and applying them in practice. Though the factors influencing the use of question suggestions are prioritized in this study, all factors are, in turn, important and should be considered when creating a question proposal to make high-quality suggestions.

To identify factors affecting the use of query suggestions in information search tools and proposing a model.

The factors were identified through the review of the literature, based on which a self-interaction questionnaire was designed and circulated among 10 experts to determine relationships between the factors.

Among the 13 factors identified through the review of the literature, demographic characteristics, search experience, domain knowledge and expertise, linguistic features, user's query, creativity, psychological and cognitional, the source of creation of query suggestions, contextual factors, semantic features of query suggestions, and structural characteristics of the query suggestions could increase the ease of use and improve the userperformance. The model presented “the source of generation of the query suggestion" was identified as the most influential factor.

Findings of this study could use when examining the performance, as well as in the design of query suggestion systems.

Web search is integrated into the modern online life, which is partly represented in users’ queries[p1] [F.2] . Search engines receive users' queries and then retrieve a limited number of relevant documents from a pool of billion web pages. Therefore, they can reveal users’ behavior patterns using their search logs in long periods of time. Behavior patterns can be identified in query expansion, query suggestion and spelling correction. In the present study, query logs of Parsijoo Persian search engine were examined to reveal users’ interaction pattern(s), and specifically, lexical and temporal properties of the query logs, as well as reformulation patterns. Query term distribution, temporal query length variation in different hours of the day and patterns of users’ query reformulation(s) were analyzed. The results of analyzes were employed to investigate users' web search behaviors in contrasts to behaviors reported for human users in studies which used search logs of the international search engines. The results of the present study demonstrated that the Persian native users show similar behavior patterns

This research aims to systematically review the studies conducted on the issue of search query formulation behavior in children and adolescents in order to identify the obstacles and search formulation solutions. This research was conducted with a systematic review method based on the list presented in the research of Xu, Kang & Song (2015). For this purpose, studies in the field of query formulation in children and adolescents were identified in Persian databases and reliable English databases. Finally, 2 Persian and 45 English studies were selected to do the final review and answer the research questions. The results showed that in the process of formulating the search query of children and teenagers, poor spelling, lack of typing skills, low domain knowledge, limited vocabulary, low cognitive ability, lack of skill in evaluating and selecting the retrieved results, relying on overview search, using natural language keywords, inability to use logical operators, weakness in re-formulating queries, low ability in complex tasks are the most important obstacles and problems faced by children and teenagers in formulating search queries. Designing a suitable user interface for children and teenagers by using visual and audio interfaces, spelling control tools, and query suggestions and teaching children and teenagers how to use the user interface and formulating search queries are presented as solutions to remove the obstacles in formulating search queries. Considering the extensive studies that have been conducted in the field of search query formulation in children and adolescents worldwide, and considering the linguistic, cultural, and media literacy differences of Iranian children and adolescents, it is necessary to conduct these studies in Iran as well. It seems that before teaching the use of user interfaces and digital media literacy to this group, it is essential to know the query formulation behavior of Iranian children.

The basic aim of the present study is to investigate users’ query reformulation behavior with regard to wholistic-analytic cognitive styles, search task type, and experience variables in using the Web. This study is an applied research using survey method. A total of 321 search queries were submitted by 44 users. Data collection tools were Riding’s Cognitive Style Analysis test, Web experience questionnaire, and three search tasks. Results indicated that analytic formulated more queries and longer than wholistic to complete search taks and hi-experienced users formulated more queries and shorter than low-experienced users in completing their tasks. We identified five methods of query reformulation types: New, Add, Replace, Remove, Repeat. Strong correlations were observed between Add and Replace. Results indicated that there were significant different between query reformulation behavior of wholist and analytic and analytic users seemed to be better than their wholist peers in query reformulations. Also findings showed that the more complex tasks, the more number of search quries to complete tasks. The New and Add dominated amongst the query formulations while performing Web searching. Future HCI researchers and IS developers can utilize the study results to develop interactive and user-cantered search model, and to provide context-based query suggestions for users.

The main goal of Simon’s Algorithm is to find the period of periodic functions. However, if the target function does not satisfy Simon's promise completely or if the number of superposition queries of the adversary is limited, Simon's algorithm cannot compute the actual period, unambiguously. These problems may lead to the failure of period-finding-based (PFB) quantum attacks. We focus in this paper on relaxing Simon's algorithm so that quantum adversaries can still carry out the mentioned attacks without any assumptions on the target function. To that end, we use two different methods, which are suitable for some of PFB quantum attacks. In the first method, as a complement to Kaplan's suggestion, we show that using Simon's algorithm one can find proper partial periods of Boolean vector functions, so that the probability of their establishment, independent of the target function, is directly related to the number of the attacker's quantum queries. Next, we examine how one can use partial period instead of the actual one. The advantage of this method is twofold: It enables the attackers to perform the quantum PFB distinguishers, with smaller number of quantum queries than those of the previous relaxation method. On the other hand, it generalizes the previous forgery attacks on modes of operation for message authentication codes. In the second method, we use Grover's algorithm, as a complement to Simon's algorithm in quantum key recovery attacks. This ensures that the time complexity of the mentioned attacks is less than that of a quantum brute-force attack.

The question brought up in this research is: what are the shortcomings of Philosophy in academic and Hawzeh environments? The main shortcoming of the western philosophy is domination of imitation and translation in scientific centers. The shortcoming of Islamic philosophy is its ineffectiveness in social areas and inability to influence humanities. The question is how the Islamic philosophy can be applied and come down from heaven to earth. The answer proposes four suggestions. First: establishment of Philosophy of Islamic Philosophy. Philosophy of Islamic Philosophy is a second grade and posteriori approach to Islamic philosophy which answers the external Islamic philosophy queries by historical and logical methods. Finding answers to external questions by historical and logical approaches makes the compatibility of the Islamic Philosophy with contemporary needs and the applicability of this philosophy possible. Second suggestion: establishment of a new insider wisdom by establishing newly devised philosophies such as philosophy of society, philosophy of media, philosophy of art, philosophy of cinema, philosophy of technology, philosophy of health, philosophy of nursing and so on, along with the philosophy of existence, knowledge, soul and religion. This happens when the subject of the philosophy is changed from existence in itself to concrete existence of mankind. The third suggestion: completion of methodology of philosophy from pure theoretical reason to practical reason. Fourth suggestion: benefiting of Islamic philosophy from Islamic teachings. Prior to making these suggestions this paper ponders the main obstacle of applicability of the Islamic philosophy, namely the definition of philosophy.

The main reason of data warehouse systems failure is lack of justification proof. Analysis is an important task for decision about data warehouse creation. In this paper, we present the framework to justify data warehouse based on the input query types. We classify query types and execute them on the databases and data warehouses with different sizes. The query response time and the number of I/O are evaluation parameters. In the experiments, different types of queries have been processed on databases and data warehouses and the results based on time and memory have been compared. These results are presented below:• For answering multidimensional queries and aggregated queries data warehouse systems will be required, • For answering nested queries and join queries, data warehouse system will be useful, • Database systems will be proper for answering simple queries and computational queries. In this work, the tools which can process the above ideas have been produced. The software will take user query and evaluate its process to decide having or not having data warehouses.

Despite the novelty in methodologies, User behavior study based on brain activity during information-seeking stages has become popular among information science researchers. This paper reviews scientific publications in which information-seeking behavior has been studied along with recorded brain activity to shed light on research status, challenges, and suggestions for future studies. Based on Kitchenham & Charters (2007) framework, a complete web search was performed in English and Persian scientific databases, and 22 publications in English were found as the final result, from 2007 to 2020. Review results demonstrate that exploring the user status (10 papers) and brain wave activity during information-seeking episodes (12 papers) were the most dominant subjective approaches in the field of user behavior studies. Cognitive load was found as an effective cognitive component on user status. With eye movement measurement and brain waves frequency study, 3 factors were found effective on cognitive load level generated during information searching and processing: searching media type, information representation, and text reading style. Brain wave activity and pupil dilation analysis were the most important measures in user status during search stages, and alpha and theta band waves were demonstrated as an index for cognitive load measurement during the information searching process. A correlation among eye data, search behavior, task complexity based on user experience, and cognitive style – as another effective factor on user status- led to results in different information searching behavior demonstrations. Also, 3 main stages were analyzed in the information-seeking process, based on brain wave activity: information exploring and query formulation, query reformulation and selection, relevance judgment, and decision making. Results showed a difference between brain activity areas, and differences in pupil dilation change level and alpha/beta frequency level during different search episodes. For future research, some suggestions were offered based on reviews. Finding relations between correlations among cognitive styles, task features, and domain knowledge during information searching process, personalized information retrieval improvement, more collaboration between information science and neurocognitive specialists, research in more user affective status like aggression and fatigue during the search process, using more economic methods and portable devices aiming to reduce research costs and expenses, facilitating larger sample studies and designing standard tasks were considered as a suggestion. Finally, some challenges were found based on reviewed studies. Some concepts like relevance feedback in information retrieval need more investigation. Also, it is necessary to investigate and explore user affections during the search process with multiple approaches.