Today, crisis management is an essential part of urban issues. Before pursuing any lofty goals, the role of social participation is essential to ensure the continued stability and success of crisis management. Effective crisis management requires a systematic approach based on social participation, managerial sensitivity, and a good understanding of the importance of crisis management by residents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of social participation in improving the performance of urban crisis management in the city of Robat Karim. In this regard, after reviewing the theoretical issues in the field of social participation and relying on crisis management issues, the indicators affecting social participation were identified. The research method is survey and the statistical population is the citizens of Robat Karim. 383 people were randomly selected by Cochran's method as a statistical sample. Findings showed that the correlation coefficient of social participation and crisis management with a coefficient of 0.783 is significant and using linear regression test, the role of social participation with 0.765% in improving crisis management performance has been evaluated positively. In fact, it can be said that by upgrading one unit of each independent variable (social participation), the dependent variable will be upgraded to the written coefficient. Therefore, in the crisis management system of Robat Karim city, the most basic component is increasing social participation Today, crisis management is an essential part of urban issues. Before pursuing any lofty goals, the role of social participation is essential to ensure the continued stability and success of crisis management. Effective crisis management requires a systematic approach based on social participation, managerial sensitivity, and a good understanding of the importance of crisis management by residents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of social participation in improving the performance of urban crisis management in the city of Robat Karim. In this regard, after reviewing the theoretical issues in the field of social participation and relying on crisis management issues, the indicators affecting social participation were identified. The research method is survey and the statistical population is the citizens of Robat Karim. 383 people were randomly selected by Cochran's method as a statistical sample. Findings showed that the correlation coefficient of social participation and crisis management with a coefficient of 0.783 is significant and using linear regression test, the role of social participation with 0.765% in improving crisis management performance has been evaluated positively. In fact, it can be said that by upgrading one unit of each independent variable (social participation), the dependent variable will be upgraded to the written coefficient. Therefore, in the crisis management system of Robat Karim city, the most basic component is increasing social participation Today, crisis management is an essential part of urban issues. Before pursuing any lofty goals, the role of social participation is essential to ensure the continued stability and success of crisis management. Effective crisis management requires a systematic approach based on social participation, managerial sensitivity, and a good understanding of the importance of crisis management by residents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of social participation in improving the performance of urban crisis management in the city of Robat Karim. In this regard, after reviewing the theoretical issues in the field of social participation and relying on crisis management issues, the indicators affecting social participation were identified. The research method is survey and the statistical population is the citizens of Robat Karim. 383 people were randomly selected by Cochran's method as a statistical sample. Findings showed that the correlation coefficient of social participation and crisis management with a coefficient of 0.783 is significant and using linear regression test, the role of social participation with 0.765% in improving crisis management performance has been evaluated positively. In fact, it can be said that by upgrading one unit of each independent variable (social participation), the dependent variable will be upgraded to the written coefficient. Therefore, in the crisis management system of Robat Karim city, the most basic component is increasing social participation Today, crisis management is an essential part of urban issues. Before pursuing any lofty goals, the role of social participation is essential to ensure the continued stability and success of crisis management. Effective crisis management requires a systematic approach based on social participation, managerial sensitivity, and a good understanding of the importance of crisis management by residents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of social participation in improving the performance of urban crisis management in the city of Robat Karim. In this regard, after reviewing the theoretical issues in the field of social participation and relying on crisis management issues, the indicators affecting social participation were identified. The research method is survey and the statistical population is the citizens of Robat Karim. 383 people were randomly selected by Cochran's method as a statistical sample. Findings showed that the correlation coefficient of social participation and crisis management with a coefficient of 0.783 is significant and using linear regression test, the role of social participation with 0.765% in improving crisis management performance has been evaluated positively. In fact, it can be said that by upgrading one unit of each independent variable (social participation), the dependent variable will be upgraded to the written coefficient. Therefore, in the crisis management system of Robat Karim city, the most basic component is increasing social participation Today, crisis management is an essential part of urban issues. Before pursuing any lofty goals, the role of social participation is essential to ensure the continued stability and success of crisis management. Effective crisis management requires a systematic approach based on social participation, managerial sensitivity, and a good understanding of the importance of crisis management by residents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of social participation in improving the performance of urban crisis management in the city of Robat Karim.

Aim and cervical cancer, one of the most common female cancers, is the central cause of death in developing countries. Early detection of cervical cancer by use of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears prevents the abnormal changes of cervical cells and also, declines in death rates among different populations. in the present study, responses from 100 women among attending in Parand and Robat-Karim health care centers were assessed about their knowledge and attitudes towards Pap smear screening by evaluation of demographic profiles and statistical analyses. mean age of participants was 31.56. Aging and educational attainment were found to be significantly related to overall knowledge and attitude about Pap smear screening usage. statistical analysis revealed that knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer and Pap smear screening among participants were 50.9 and 38.8 respectively. We conclude that awareness of Pap smears in Parand and Robat-Karim women was relatively low.

Although Crimes have unfortunate impact on the lives of all people, women’s crime who are the main eeducators of children in the family, is of significant importance, therefore considering women’s specific crimes and efforts to address its underlying factors is so critical. In this research with the objective of the effect of social factors on women’s delinquency, we have studied theories associated with crime and derived four hypothesis from them which were tested by survey method. The population of sample consists of the fifty delinquent women – who were arrested by Robat Karim security police due to committing crime within one month- and non-delinquent women who have almost the same living conditions as delinquent women but they were covered by Robat-Karim Welfare Organization. Findings show that there is significant difference in terms of addiction of the husband and disruption of the family between these two groups, however no significant statistical difference appears in terms of denial of access to educational facilities and suitable job, place of residence and suburbanization. Both groups had almost the same situation but one is criminal and the other hasn’t committed any crime.

In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity had a significant growth in children. Obesity is a serious health problem all over the world. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in elementary students in Robat-Karim, Iran in 2014.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 490 female students of elementary school aged between 7 to 11 years in Robat-Karim, Iran in 2014. The percentages of Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention growth charts (CDC) have been utilized to determine overweight and obesity. SPSS-16 software has been applied for statistical analysis.
Results Mean age of the students was 8.97 1.38 years. According to CDC, 28 (5.7%) of the students were obese, and 75 (5.78%) of the students were overweight. Overweight and obesity were significantly related with birth weight, body mass index(BMI) of parents, and time spent for watching TV, computer games and other electronic entertainments (P According to obtained results, interventional programs should be done to correct life-style and prevent overweight and obesity among elementary school students.

Aim and Urinary tract infections is one of the most common infectious diseases whichmany factors are involved, but bacteria such as E.coli is the most important agent of urinary tract infections. Antibiotic resistance as a major problem in the treatment and control of these infections is considered. The aim of this study was to determine the genes that cause resistance to betalactam family of antibiotics on E.coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Robat karim city.
Material & In the present Cross-sectional study which was conducted over a period of 6 months, 123 samples of E.coli were collected from Robat karim hospitals for molecular analysis of TEM genes, causing antibiotic resistance by (PCR) method.Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical test.
PCR showed that the gene frequency of TEM (80%) and the highest and lowest prevalent of genes were related toTEM in E.coli isolated from urinary tract infections respectively.
According to the high prevalence of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, the current study showed that the noted geneTEM play an important role in facilitating the spread of antimicrobial resistance in this region

Robat Karim manganese deposit is located in 7 km northwest of Robat Karim (southwest of Teharan), within northeastern margin of Orumiyeh-dokhtar volcanic belt. Based on regional geology, the studied area is situated in the northern Saveh Eocene volcanic assemblage, composed of rhyolite, trachyte, andesite and basalt. Manganese mineralization is occurred as veins, in faults, joints and fractures that crosscut the volcanic rocks. According to mineralogical studies, the manganese ore of the studied area is composed of pyrolusite, psilomelane, ramsdelite and hollandite, as well as calcite and quartz. Intergrowths of manganese oxides and quartz (or calcite) associated with various open space filling textures support the epithermal origin of the ore forming fluids in this area. Geochemistry of major and trace elements in Robat Karim manganese ores, similarity of their chondrite normalized REE pattern with volcanic host rocks and other hydrothermal manganese deposits of the world, as well as negative Ce anomaly indicate a probable epithermal origin of the deposit. Ore forming fluids could be originated from meteoric and/or magmatic waters circulating through Eocene volcanic rocks, dissolve manganese and other metals and deposit them in fault planes and major fractures. High pressure of the ore forming fluid has caused the formation of brecciated trachyte.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) especially rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM) are opportunistic environmental pathogens and their role in human disease is increasingly recognized. In addition، several studies indicated that humans can be infected by NTM from various environmental sources especially soil and water. Identification of rapid growing mycobacteria is important for both clinical and epidemiological studies because of their worldwide propagation. Incidence of rapid growing mycobacteria from water and soil in different regions of Robat Karim was studied using PCR-RFLP method and targeting hsp65 gene and 16S-23SrRNA. In this study a total number of 454 water and soil samples were collected from different areas of Robat Karim. After decontamination of isolates by petroff method، the sediment obtained was cultured onto Lowenstein Jensen media and Ziehl Neelsen staining was performed for microscopic observations. After DNA extraction، hsp65 gene amplified by PCR-RFLP and then PCR products were digested by two restriction enzymes، BsteII and HaeIII، prior to undergoing polyacrilamid gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 16S-23S rRNA gene was also amplified and then PCR products were digested by restriction enzymes of HaeIII and CfoI and analyzed using PAGE. Based on the culture and microscopic observations، 49 (21. 5%) out of 227 soil samples and 144 (63%) out of 227 water samples were positive regarding mycobacterium. 7 soil samples and 29 water samples were contained rapid growing mycobacteria based on PCR-RFLP method. The results obtained by molecular method matched completely with those from culture method. Therefore، identification of Rapid Growing Mycobacterium has a sensitivity of 100% and mycobacterium fortuitum was the predominant isolated rapid growing mycobacteria in water and soil samples with a frequency of 27. 8%. Mycobacterium fortuitum was the most dominant rapid growing mycobacterium isolated from soil and water samples in Robat Karim area.

Now a day Vandalism means the destruction of public property in the city as a global phenomenon, especially common in urban areas of many modern and developing societies. This can be paid in several dimensions. Studies also indicate becoming important of this issue in urban society of Iran, despite the damage and losses caused Vandalism the city's public spaces, sufficient data on this particular scope, scale, scope, causes and damaging effects of motivational issues under Vandalism not available. According to studies conducted public spaces Robat Karim also face problems such as the need for attention to this matter and it is important, therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the emergence of conceptual Vandalism and urban public spaces and match it with Robat Karim and provide solutions to mitigate this problem is to create a balance in the public spaces of the city. The method applied in this research is documents - using survey questionnaire and the population-based study are all the inhabitants of Robat Karim Population HousingCensus 2007, 86,871 people. Sample size of 321 patients was calculated according to the formula of Cochran. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the validity of the study is that 0.7 is obtained that the optimal number and average carefully verify the reliability of the questionnaire and the marker buoy structure is designed. The results of the present study confirm the hypothesis that It can be said that the lack of social control, imbalance, visual feeling of frustration and extortion of Vandalism trends in urban public spaces are Therefore constantly changing andmanipulating the environment and assess its effects, it is very important; The relationship between the environment and the dynamic behavior of the process inputs and outputs are fixed and immovable.

Road kill animals are one of the devastating consequences of human-based development on wildlife habitats. Increasing road density and corresponding high road kill rates has become one of the main threats to animal populations. Southern ring road of Robat Karim town is adjacent to the dominant agricultural and horticultural land uses and also is the habitat of some species of animals. From the beginning of Robat Karim Southern ring road’s establishment until now, road kills have had devastating effects on animal populations. In this study, by using spatial records of animal species accidents in Southern ring road of Robat Karim over a 170-day period inventory (October 23th-2018 until April 21th-2019, during 6 months) more sensitive species to road kills, hot spots, and impact of time on road accidents rates were studied. Totally 37 animals were killed during 34 days and they belong to four mammal species, one bird species and one reptile species. The results showed that the highest total number of road kills was for dogs. The number of road kills of red fox species at night, which is associated with darkness is higher than other species. In addition, the number of road kills in February was higher than the other months with eight records. Among the current land uses, road kill mostly have been seen close to agricultural and horticultural land uses. There are hot spots along the road where the number of road kills is high and the number of these spots was calculated as five. Generally low car traffic rate on the road, lack of road lighting (electric posts) and minimum light by car lamps which is the temporary cause of the blindness of animals at night, are the most important causes of road kills in this study.

In the new age and in the third millennium, natural crises have become an inseparable reality of human life and have become one of the most important issues facing most of the world's metropolises. By observing the principles and laws of urban planning and applying them in accordance with the principles of crisis management, urban crises can be reduced to some extent. Crisis management is a process of planning and performance that by systematically observing and analyzing crises seeks to find a tool to reduce the effects of the crisis. Due to the importance of the subject of the present study, it seeks to investigate the factors affecting the spatial-physical vulnerability of the city with a descriptive-analytical method with a crisis management approach in the city of Robat Karim. The statistical population of the research group of 20 people was selected by snowball method. Data analysis method was performed with anp model. The results showed that among the 4 factors affecting the vulnerability of the operating city (standard), natural (with a normalized score of 0.054), in the first priority, physical criteria (with a normalized score of 0.27) in the second priority and social criteria - Economic (with a normalized score of 0.08) were recognized in the third priority and finally the relief and management criteria (with a normalized score of 0.09) in the fourth priority, and these criteria play a role in the vulnerability of the city of Robat Karim, respectively. According to the obtained results, any planning in order to manage the crisis of Robat Karim city should be based on the natural factors of this city.