Single point mooring terminals are, as the name implies, facilities of small horizontal dimensions, to which large vessels are moored by means of a bow hawser or by any other means which allows the vessel to rotate 360 around the mooring point. Generally, the single point mooring terminal can have two functions. Primarily, it affords a safe mooring to the vessels. Secondly, it can form a link in the chain for the transport of oil. In this study, with the feasibility of 3D image processing, the SPM translational motion is evaluated. This translational motion includes Surge, Sway, and Heave. In order to ensure the results of the analysis of SPM translational motion, verification is carried out. In the following, by constructing SPM and situating it in reaction condition with regular wave, translational motion is obtained. Finally, the results indicate that image processing is acceptable in translational motion assessment of SPM.

In recent years, many policymakers and researchers have considered environmental degradation and pollution, as an international challenge. However, income inequality significantly affects the quality of the environment through social demand and can be important in policymaking. Income inequality, as a relative effect, also causes environmental degradation by changing the preferences of consumers of public environmental goods. This study investigated the effect of income inequality on SO2 and SPM emissions for the period 1990 to 2018 in the form of Johansen's approach. The results show that Gini coefficient has a positive and significant effect on SPM and SO2 emissions, so that one percent increase in Gini coefficient can effect 1.29 percent increase in SPM emissions and 1.37 percent increase in SO2 emissions. Based on the estimated results, energy consumption has a positive effect on SPM and SO2 emissions in Iran. So, one percent increase in energy consumption, 1.12 percent increases SPM emissions and 1.44 percent SO2 emissions. Economic growth has a positive effect on the release of SPM and SO2 in Iran. One percent increase in economic growth increases 0.78 percent of SPM emissions and 0.79 percent of SO2 emissions. According to the coefficient table the variable Ly2 is negative. Therefore, the Kuznets environmental curve hypothesis cannot be rejected during the period under study. Urbanization has a positive and significant effect on SPM and SO2 emissions, so that it increases one percent increase in urbanization, 0.93% SPM emissions and 0.97% SO2 emissions.

Single Point Mooring or contraction SPM is Floating structures that are commonly used in deep water .SPM used for mooring of vessel and transport of oil and gas production from the shore by pipeline to the tanker . The main task of this kind of floating structures, spm mooring should be considered. Properly mooring increase efficiency and ability to perform the task in different environmental conditions for SPM. Floating structures for exposure to harmonic loads such as wave load, should be fatigue analysis. One of the important factors that affect the fatigue is length of mooring line as length of mooring line changes is inversely related to fatigue of mooring line changes. in this paper, SPM with 3-line mooring modeled with ANSYS-AQWA and fatigue analysis of mooring line has been studied in 4 condition of incident wave and 5 condition of length of mooring line.

Single Point Mooring (SPM) are floating Structures that are deployed in deep water which their duties are vessel mooring and transferring oil and gas productions by pipelines from shore to petroleum tankers and conversely. One of the most important components of SPM is mooring system. Which bears not only environmental loads but also petroleum tanker loads which conducted by two thick ropes. Mooring system of SPM regarding the important responsibility it has, has been pay attention to a lot. Proper mooring system leads to efficiency improvement in different environmental conditions and mooring system life increase.
In this research SPM with four mooring lines are simulated by ANSYS AQWA Software and forces on the SPM calculated diffraction theorem and Boundary Element and mooring lines are calculated by Morrison theorem.

Hypothesis: In the past decades, the increasing resistance to antibiotics among some nosocomial infection pathogens has been one of the largest challenges of human health. One of the ways to reduce antibiotic resistance in bacteria is the combination use of cationic polymers with antibiotics. Poly(styrene-alt-maleic-anhydride) (PSMA) is an alternative biodegradable copolymer which can react with bioactive agents such as alkyl amines through a ring-opening reaction. In this study, for the first time, the antibacterial activity of poly(styrene-alt-maleic-anhydride) (PSMA) conjugated with spermine (Spm-PSMA) and its influence on resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin antibiotics have been investigated.
Spm-PSMA was synthesized by reaction of PSMA with spermine in the presence of triethylamine catalyst under argon atmosphere at room temperature and characterized by FTIR and DSC. The antibacterial activity of Spm-PSMA was evaluated against two nosocomial infective bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) by two-fold microdilution method. Its ability to reduce the resistance of E. faecalis to the ciprofloxacin (CP) and ceftazidime (CAZ) antibiotics, active oxygen species (ROS) levels and morphological changes in acidic conditions was evaluated.
Findings: The glass transition temperature of Spm-PSMA (197°C) is higher than that of PSMA (164°C) due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Spm-PSMA reduces the growth of Gram-positive E. faecalis in a dose-independent manner, whereas it has no significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative A. baumannii in acidic condition. E. faecalis susceptibility to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin antibiotics is increased in the presence of Spm-PSMA at pH 5.5. The SEM results show that Spm-PSMA alone and in combination with antibiotics causes the transformation of E. faecalis cells from coccoid to coccobacilli shape. The results of this study show that Spm-PSMA is a biocompatible polymer with antibacterial activity and antibiotic sensitivity against E. faecalis bacteria.

Evaluation activity was conducted using three spearmint genotypes (WG-SPM-Engl, SPM-Fran and SPM-EAS) and one standard check (WGSM-03) at Wondo Genet, Awassa, Debre Zeit and Allagae during 2012 and 2013 for two years. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. Data on leaf to stem ratio, leaf yield/ha, Essential oil content and essential oil yield were collected and statistically tested. The combined analysis of variance over the testing locations and years indicated the existence of significant variation among spearmint genotypes for all the characters considered in this study. The respective leaf to stem ratio, leaf yield/ha, essential oil content and essential oil yield of the tested genotypes ranged from 1.29 to 2.2, 10.82 to 13.45 t, 0.16 to 0.5% and 18.13 to 67.99 kg, respectively. The highest leaf to stem ratio (2.2) was demonstrated by WG-SPM-Engl and the lowest (1.29) by WG-SPM-Fran. The highest leaf yield/ha was demonstrated by WG-SPM-Fran followed by WG-SPM-Engl; while the lowest value for these agronomic characters were produced by WG-SM03. Compared with WGSM 03, WG-SPM-Fran demonstrated a respective percent increase value of 47.05 and 81.45% on essential oil content and essential oil yield. The overall highest value for essential oil content (0.39%) was recorded at Allagae followed by Wondo Genet (0.35%) and Hawassa (0.34%); while the least value was recorded at Debre Zeit (0.31%). Averaged over the testing locations, the highest essential oil yield/ha (48.29 kg) was recorded at Hawassa and the lowest at Wondo Genet (34.85 kg). Compared with second testing year, a respective percent increase value of 12.12 and 23.18% on essential oil content and essential oil yield was demonstrated in first testing year.

In order to study the effect of water deficit and foliar application of salicylic acid and spermine on the phenological stages and caffeic acid derivatives yield of Echinacea purpurea L., a three replicated split- plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at the research field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran. In this experiment, three irrigation regimes (irrigation after 20, 40 and 60% depletion of soil available water) were accommodated in main plots and salicylic acid (SA) and spermine (SPM) spray treatments (Control (no spray), spray at five levels of 75 mg/l SA, 150 mg/l SA, 75 mg/l SPM, 75 mg/l SA+75 mg/l SPM and 150 mg/l SA+75 mg/l SPM) were considered in subplots. The exogenous SA and SPM were applied on the foliage at two steps, 10-days apart and at the beginning of stem elongation stage. The effects of irrigation regime and spray treatments were significant on the traits studied. Drought stress decreased the number of days to phenological stages, the yield of echinacoside and cynarin in flower and cichoric acid, and caftaric acid and cynarin in leaves, but increased the yield of chlorogenic acid in flowers and caffeic acid derivatives (cichoric acid, echinacoside, chlorogenic acid, caftaric acid and cynarin) in roots. The foliar application of salicylic acid and spermine increased all studied traits. The interaction between water deficit and foliar spray was significant on the yield of caffeic acid derivatives in roots. The highest yield of cichoric acid (9.49 kg/ha), echinacoside (0.67 kg/ha), chlorogenic acid (0.26 kg/ha), caftaric acid (7.31 kg/ha) and cynarin (0.27 kg/ha) in roots was obtained at irrigation after 60% depletion of soil available water and simultaneous application of high concentrations of SA and SPM. Based on the results of the present study, the foliar application of SA and SPM improved the yield of caffeic acid derivatives in coneflower under both normal and water stress conditions.

Pistachio trees exhibit some such physiological problems as abscission of inflorescence buds, fruit fall, the incidence of blank, non-split, early split and deformed nuts. The occurrence of the problems would be closely related to diminishing yield. In this study, the effect of Putrescine (Put), Spermidine (Spd) and Spermine (Spm) on these shortcomings and on the yield of "Kalle-Ghooochi" pistachio was investigated in two consecutive (“on” and “off”). Free Polyamine treatments were applied one week before and two weeks after full bloom. Results showed that Spm, unlike Put, decreased the physiological shortcomings of the fruit and increased yield. Spd treatment decreased the percentage of both fruit abscission and deformed nuts, but did not affect yield. In any of the “on” and “off” years, the effect of Spm and Spd was greatly dependent on both the time of application and on the concentrations used. It seems that application of Spm dominantly plays a key role in controlling the abscission of inflorescence buds and also in improvement of growth and development of pistachio nuts resulting in increase in the yield on pistachio tree shoots.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) and subcutaneous emphysema are rare findings in children. Various etiologies have been reported for SPM, such as foreign body aspiration in infants, especially in those aged less than three years. In addition to the complications associated with foreign body aspiration, SPM may also become a life-threatening condition if left untreated. In the present report, we discussed a case of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum in a 13-month-old infant previously treated for pneumonia.
Case report: The infant was initially presented with subcutaneous emphysema of the neck, without respiratory distress following pneumonia. In the chest radiography, mediastinal shift and possible pneumothorax were reported, and a chest tube was inserted as the respiratory condition deteriorated. Emergency bronchoscopy showed a foreign body logged in the left respiratory tract, which was removed. Three days later, the chest tube was detached, and the patient was discharged in healthy conditions within the next two days.
Pediatricians constantly need to consider the risk of foreign body aspiration, particularly in the presence of respiratory complications, such as SPM, even in the infants with an unreliable history of foreign body aspiration

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a rare clinical entity. In the normal population, it is more likely to occur in people with conditions including chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and asthma. In the context of COVID-19 few cases of SPM have been reported which most of them were patients with severe lung parenchymal inflammation or patients under mechanical ventilation. In this case, we report a young male with a history of minor childhood asthma who presented with acute dyspnea, forceful coughs, and subcutaneous emphysema. Chest computed tomography had no clues for COVID-19, however, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema were obvious. He was primarily diagnosed with acute asthma exacerbation causing SPM but eventually, he tested positive for SARS-COV-2, therefore, he underwent the standard treatment for COVID-19 and the SPM was managed conservatively. Finally, after 12 days of hospitalization, he was discharged in favorable clinical condition.