since the therapeutic environment is hospitalized due to special conditions of users and employees , it requires informed choice of spatial elements . this concern is more important when the patient is low . due to the lack of adaptation of children to the environment and to analyze the problems , it is necessary to create more problems in the treatment environment . in the meantime , according to the studies conducted in the use of internal design results in children ''s environments , especially in the therapeutic space , care should be taken to reduce the feeling of fear of an unknown environment and to minimize their dependence on others . therefore , the present study is based on the hypothesis that providing graphic and functional elements in the interior design of therapeutic space can increase awareness and diverting attention of children to factors other than pain , favorable environment for hospitalized children and consequently stress management . this research which has been done by analytical - descriptive method , in order to achieve the desired goals , first reviews the results of research conducted in the field and then to understand the concept and elements of environmental graphics and related concepts in the design of children ''s hospital environment . then, the study was carried out as a case study by collecting data from children in the form of painting and from their companions by means of questionnaire . in order to analyze the data collected from the children painting software , smart pls software was used and smart pls software was used . finally the results are presented in the form of tables and analytical charts . in general , the results indicate the proper use of environmental graphic elements in order to increase the level of knowledge about the environment and disease and also create the feeling of familiarity with the environment in order to provide psychological and psychological relations to children. The purpose of the present study was descriptive-analytical method, while emphasizing the subject of awareness to the patient''s children about the treatment and conditions of the disease, as well as the creation of anxiety and sense of belonging to the environment, to identify and study the components In the interior design model based on the concept of environmental graphics, the patient''s view of an ideal therapeutic space is shown, so that their satisfaction from the therapeutic space can be increased and based on the quality components The architecture of the medical spheres has been enhanced, making the environment a catalyst for children. Therefore, the information needed in this study was drawn through the drawing of children by drawing children who are the main users of this space, as well as questionnaires from the children''s companions in order to complete the received information about the quality of the optimum therapeutic space. Then, by analyzing the data, while adapting to the internal design knowledge based on the concept of environmental graphics, we tried to find solutions to the problems in the children''s therapeutic environment that would accelerate the process of disease recovery and create a more favorable environment during their recovery.

Spatial planning concept refers to alignment and arrangement of relationship between people، space and activities at different geographical scales with emphasis on the role of decision-making and decision-taking. Objective of this research is investigating the spatial distribution and localization of therapeutic land use (important hospitals) of Mashhad city with passive defense approach. Although، emphasis is on passive defense approach، however، because it is closely tied to the issue of spatial planning (especially in urban scale)، the findings of the study can also be effective in spatial planning and urban planning. Study area is city of Mashhad that with regard to the diversity of therapeutic spaces، major city hospitals were selected for final consideration. Research methodology is descriptive - analysis method. Findings of Research indicate that the main part of important hospitals in Mashhad have been concentrated in the central part of the city. These regions located in areas of high risk in terms of passive defense. Imbalance between density population and spatial distribution of hospitals in urban areas is strongly noticeable. Finally، with attention to investigations and results، some suggestions for reduction hazards of therapeutic spaces in times of crisis offered.

Architectural design can show the environment more comfortable and aesthetically pleasing, which leads to reduction of patients' stress as well as increasing their satisfaction with the environment. The purpose of designing a treatment space is to offer enhanced medical services taking the mental and psychological conditions of users into account. Therapeutic spaces need to be of an acceptable quality that reduces patients' mental and emotional stress and helps to improve their spirit. In this article based on literature survey, some of the effective factors reducing the stress of the users and treatment spaces are introduced through the environmental design, including lighting, color, furniture, and the external environment. The data collection methodology is through library studies as well as study of domestic and foreign samples. Finally, the factors influencing stress reduction in therapeutic spaces are comprehensively discussed in detail. These factors can yield to creation of a more welcoming environment for the patient and create the required conditions for them to undergo a course of treatment. Taking advantage of these factors, it can be expected that medical centers, in addition to treatment, can be a suitable, beautiful and less stressed environment for patients, companions, staff and physicians.

Children are an important part of the citizenry of any society.They are also different mentally, physically, in personality, and in behavior. The look and needs of adults are different. Children are always exposed to adults by different environments.Hospitals are one of the environments in which children generally interact and spend time in their lives. In the meantime, therapies are often undesirable and frightening to them. Therefore, the fundamental issue of establishing an emotional bond between the child and the therapeutic environment is considered as one of the effective factors in the process of treating children. Therefore, it is necessary to address the issue of designing desirable therapeutic spaces for children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the doctrines of child participation in the design process of child-friendly spaces (Case Study: Bojnourd Therapeutic Spaces). The research began with the question, "What are the general principles of designing child-friendly therapeutic spaces?" The research method is descriptive with a practical purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of 6-12 year old children living in Bojnourd who had at least one hospitalization history. The sample size consisted of 50 boys and girls who were selected by purposeful sampling. Due to the lack of appropriate physical or mental conditions in hospitalized children, they were less likely to cooperate with the interviewer. Therefore, children who were previously healthy and hospitalized were used. They were observed during the period of August and September 2019. The method of data collection was library, observation and open interview. Theoretical foundations of the research were extracted from library resources. Studies show that there are many tools for engaging with children. Painting was chosen as a tool for engaging with children. Since children will participate maximally when they are confident the outcome of their collaboration is practical, the interviewer shared with the children at the beginning of the discussion that "We want to help you design a hospital based on your ideas". The interviewer also committed to all the children and their parents that all of the respondents' personal information was kept with the research team. The children expressed their ideas and ideas in their paintings. At the end of each painting, the child was asked to describe his or her painting. The examiner noted the important points behind each sheet. The paintings were quantitatively analyzed by experts in the field of child psychology and architecture. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics using Excel 2010 software and inferential statistics using SPSS 25 software. Findings showed that the characteristics of desirable therapeutic environment are summarized in terms of children, respectively, in three domains: architectural features, personnel behavioral principles and the existence of specific characteristics in therapeutic spaces. The result of the research in the field of architectural features showed that the teachings of child participation in the process of designing child-friendly therapeutic spaces consist of five principles. These include focusing on the design of inpatient rooms, the controlled design of outdoor and green spaces, the inpatient room as a home, the childlike appearance in the entrance design, and the childlike appearance in the form and outline of the building.

Today, by knowing the concepts of environmental psychology and the effects of color and light on the quality of the environment, it is of great importance to consider these issues in the design of spaces to provide a favorable and healing space for patients. It has been proven in various ways that color and light influence and affect the human mind and body and proper or improper use of them has many positive and negative effects on our lives. In designing healthcare centers, considering the significant nature of the land-user, that is associated with human’s physical and mental health, and also the complex functional relationships governing in it, attention to the requirements of proper design, including the proper use of light and color, has a key role. Due to their importance, therapeutic spaces should be a calm environment, according to the needs of clients. The present study aims to investigate how these two elements, as effective factors in improving the disease, can be applied properly. Proper color design and application of appropriate light can enhance health in hospitals. In the present study, library studies are applied to develop the theoretical foundations, and data are collected using questionnaires distributed among patients admitted to Shohada-ye Ashayer and Shahid Rahimi hospitals in Khorramabad City. This study is applied-descriptive research. In the present study, it is attempted to answer the question: What are the roles of color and light in accelerating the healing of diseases? To this end, first, the concepts of color and light are discussed and then the effects of them on physical and mental diseases and their application in therapeutic spaces are examined.

Metaphor provides a clear and rich description of a phenomenon or situation by transferring meaning from a familiar concept to a more complex situation. In the communications of the medical staff and the patients, metaphors are used to simplify to understand the treatment processes, therefore the identification and analysis of these metaphors can provide a clear image of the narrative of each of the two sides of the therapeutic space and possible blockages or communication disorders. This article examines the narrative of the medical staffs and patients from the emergency ward as one of the strategic medical spaces. For this aim, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 members of the treatment staff and 15 patients and their companions. The thematic analysis of interviews shows that in the narrative of the medical staff and patients, war and its related concepts are the most used metaphors in description of emergency. The Metaphor of war is used among the medical staff to convey the urgency for the patient and highlight the command and control, the subjectivity of the medical staff in the emergency. This metaphor for the patient means surrendering to the state of war, enduring hardship and resisting the disease.

Autism is a common disorder among children. Physical and architectural factors of rehabilitation centers may affect the quality of rehabilitation. This study aims to investigate the effect of physical and architectural elements of educational and therapeutic spaces on autism rehabilitation.

The present analytical-observational research was cross-sectional. This study used the standard Minnesota Questionnaire (MSQ) to assess employees’ job satisfaction. The standard sensory profile questionnaire 2 (short form) was employed to determine the sensory function pattern of autistic children aged 3 to 14 years. Finally, a researcher-made questionnaire of architecture quality assessment was used to evaluate the quality of physical space architecture, interior architecture, and standard facilities of educational and therapeutic spaces. In this cross-sectional study, 32 occupational therapists from university and hospital treatment centers, welfare centers, and private clinics, and 50 parents of children with autism participated as the available sample group. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between variables.

Findings from the study population showed significant relationships between the variables studied in the groups of sensation seeking, sensation avoiding, sensation sensitive, and sensation register (from the analysis of sensory profile) and improving the quality of rehabilitation of children with autism (P<0.05).

According to the study findings, job satisfaction, physical factors, sensory processing, and assessing the quality of architecture in the design of educational and therapeutic spaces of rehabilitation centers for children with autism are of particular significance. Utilizing the factors studied in this study will not only positively affect the treatment process of these patients, but it will also increase the job satisfaction of occupational therapists working in rehabilitation centers for autism.

The present study aims to examine status individuals’ experience in their relationship with themselves and the lived experience of individuals in their social relations in virtual space through the intermediary of virtual space. The main questions here are: how is virtual space represented? How does virtual leisure express the self-image, concepts and self-identity of students? And, how does virtual leisure produce and reproduce the resistance/control dualism? To answer these questions at the methodological level, we purposefully employed virtual ethnography, in-depth virtual interview techniques and participatory observation of University of Kurdistan students on Facebook. The theoretical idea of the present article is that virtual space, due to the different forms of social networking services, has led to the emergence of various forms of living and network-based experiences, which construct a special form of individualism commonly referred to as expressive individualism. The virtual life of individuals acts a challenge/substitute for their real life and expressive individualism thus develops. At the epistemological level, the representation, identity and resistance of virtual leisure of students have been examined based on Chris Rojek’s leisure theory. The findings of the study show that virtual leisure on Facebook acts a therapeutic space for the real life of users and forms a kind of individualism called expressive individualism, which is full of emotional dualisms. Virtual leisure has made the formation of an autonomous, yet virtual and fluid, identity possible, which is quite expectedly parallel with but in contrast to the objective reality. In terms of resistance, virtual leisure, because of its limited construct, has created a spatial society for hidden resistance, which acts as plural public domain. Regarding the controlling function in the virtual space, inter-subjective control, personal principles and values and feeling of conspiracy are the factors that control behavior of users on Facebook.

Numerous global studies have demonstrated that interacting with nature in our surroundings can greatly benefit our mental health. The biophilic design approach can aid in connecting individuals with nature in a man-made environment, making it a useful tool. Further studies are needed in treatment spaces throughout the country to develop an understanding of how biophilic components affect the mental health of patients through experimental research. This study aims to identify the beneficial aspects of biophilic design in the mental well-being of patients receiving treatment within the country. This research focuses on the relationship between biophilic design elements and their impact on the mental health of patients in therapeutic spaces in Mashhad. The study assumes that experiencing nature directly through biophilic architecture can reduce anxiety and depression while increasing life expectancy, ultimately leading to better mental health outcomes for patients.

This research utilized qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate biophilic factors' impact on patients' anxiety levels in hospitals. The qualitative portion involved analyzing library documents and coding concepts using the foundation data method and MAXQDA10 software. The field and survey studies focused on sample hospitals in Mashhad city, including Hay Farabi, 17 Shahrivar, and Omid. A standard questionnaire on anxiety in hospitals and a questionnaire on biophilic components in therapeutic environments were distributed randomly to 270 patients over a period of two months. The quantitative portion involved measuring the relationships between variables using factor analysis and structural equations with Smart PLS.

During the survey of hospitals to determine the presence of biophilic components, Shahrivar Hospital was ranked first with 35.71%, followed by Farabi Hospital with 28.57% and Omid Hospital with 14.28%. Research shows that the dimensions of biophilic design have a significant impact on the spiritual and psychological well-being of patients in therapeutic spaces. When patients are more connected to nature in these spaces, it can decrease anxiety levels and improve spiritual components of health, such as life expectancy. A survey of hospital environments and the assessment of patients' mental health revealed that 17 Shahrivar Hospital, which had more biophilic components in indoor spaces, had a greater positive effect on patients than Farabi Hospital, which had components in external spaces. This research model confirms the usefulness of biophilic design in therapeutic spaces to improve the mental state and satisfaction of patients. Incorporating biophilic components into the environment can have a positive impact on the patient's experience in a therapeutic environment.

According to the study, the direct experience of nature in indoor spaces for therapeutic purposes was the most important factor in promoting mental health. Following this, the indirect experience of nature and the nature of space and place were also found to be significant factors, in that order. Furthermore, it was discovered that the biophilic environment of indoor spaces had a greater impact on reducing anxiety and depression among patients than in outdoor spaces in hospitals. Overall, these findings suggest that incorporating natural elements into indoor spaces can have a positive impact on mental health.

A patient requires different levels of medical care, according to his type of illness. In not too distant times, the focus in the design of hospitals was mostly on the functional aspect of this place, and was done only based on special relations and standards, concluded by the medical equipment. However, in the present era, redefining the term “health”, and proving the indirect impact of physical environment on human’s behavior, resulted in forming in new outlook in designing therapeutic spaces. Many researches have shown the architectural design of an environment affects the behavior, actions, and reactions of the users. As it stands, everyone gets anxious when sick. Development of this anxiety is especially higher in patients, whom are to be admitted in the hospital. In addition to anxiety as a result of illness, the patient will be interacting with the environment, and existing of stressful stimuli results in increasing patient’s stress level. Psychologically, continuous stress results in depression disorder, and affects one’s mental health. This result in persistence of illness, reduces the influence of prescription drugs, and complicates the process of therapy.. Existence of non-pharmacological methods, and using parameters, which could have a positive mental effect on patients, can stylize the hospital environment and reduce stress, and regarding the fact that patients spend much of their time in ward, focusing on these parts is a priority of therapeutic environments. Analysis method of this thesis is descriptive-analytical, data collection method is based on library procedure, along with field studies and questionnaires.