Cricket is becoming a fashionable team game throughout the world. One day internationals (ODI) have been able to bring more and more spectators to the cricket ground, due to the nature of its’ format. Among the ODI tournaments, the Champions trophy takes a significant place, as it is the second largest tournament after the global event of cricket world cup. This paper investigates the performances of the bowlers who appeared in the 2013 Champions trophy. The main aim of this study is to identify the bowlers’ characteristics which impact their performances. The kernel resampling technique (KRT) is implemented to analyze the collected sample (N=41) of the bowlers who played the Champions trophy in 2013. Findings of this study reveal that the bowlers’ prior economy rate and the height have influenced the performance significantly, while the handedness and the bowling style have not shown a statistical significance on their performances.

Determining the amount of trophy in aquatic ecosystems is important because increasing the availability of nutrients is affectings all levels of aquatic ecosystems as well as changes in species abundance, migration, reduce in biodiversity and changes in the structure and composition of communities. Therefore, there should be a proper method for determining the trophy state or production in the ecosystem. The current methods for determining the amount of trophy are based on three physical, chemical and biological parameters. Pole-dokhtar County has 11 wetlands with 8 permanent and 3 seasonal wetlands and is known as the wetland city of Iran. In this research to assess the trophic status of 8 permanent Pole-dokhtar wetlands, monthly sampling were conducted in summer and winter of 2017 and the Carlsson Trophy Index (TSI) was used for calculation of total phosphoric (TP) concentration and total nitrogen (TN). The results showed the Lfanhe wetland 1 was in yotrophic conditions, the Lfanhe wetland 2 was in acute mesotrophy and other wetlands were located in mild mesotrophic nutrition in the summer. In the winter, due to the reduction of air temperature and consequently the decrease of evaporation and the increase in the input of surface and underground waters to wetlands, all of wetlands were in the mild mesotrophic conditions. Based on the average annual Carlson index, the Lfanhe 1 and Lfanhe 2 wetlands were in mesotrophic conditions and 6 wetlands were in mild mesotrophic conditions. Valiasr Natural Park wetlands with annual mean 42.3 characterized by mesotrophic conditions and Tang Fani wetlands with annual mean 34.08 was in the low mosotrothic conditions. In the Pole-Dokhtar wetlands, the annual suspended sediment load and water turbidity have increased due to the large amounts of sediment accumulation in the area, which eventually leads to the development of aquatic plants in the water surface and accelerates utrification of wetlands.

Wildlife species and trophies are of valuable use to humanity. These values include aesthetic, education, medicinal purpose, recreation, and as foreign exchange earner.  Legitimate hunters and poachers alike are the main source of supply of wildlife species and trophies whilst vendors market them. This study is purposed to indicate the pattern of utilization of wildlife species in the study area. Fifteen sampled communities were surveyed in the study area. A hundred respondents were served with a copy of each of the questionnaires. The questionnaire sought information on the following variables namely, socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, source, and types of the species, and commercial dynamics of the trade. The Data collected were analyzed applying statistical tests including the t-test to determine the frequency distribution on the benefit-cost ratio and profitability index. The result revealed that the economic returns on both the wildlife species and trophies trade are profitable with a BCR (Benefit-cost ratio) of 5.00% (P = ≤ 0.05) and 2.92% respectively. This fact shows that wildlife species and trophies contribute significantly to the economics of the area. Conservation education and awareness should be encouraged against poaching and wild-scale domestication practices should be engaged in to reduce or even eliminate poaching activities on the wildlife species concerned. These measures should adequately supplement the animal protein level of traditional livestock and enhance sustainable food security globally.

Ardeshir Babakan founded the Sassanid Empire with a victory over the Fifth Parthian Army in 224 AD. The issue of trophies played an important role in organizing social, economic and even military-disciplinary affairs in the Sassanid period. Ardeshir and his successors, in addition to receiving taxes and duties, also paid other income to cover the expenses of the court, the expenses of the troops, and the expenses of public affairs. One of these revenues was the spoils of war. This article utilized a descriptive-analytical method, with the aim of examining how to obtain trophies and its importance in economic and military affairs, in the wars of the Sassanid period, including between Iranians and Romans, Turks and Arabs, from the perspective of Sassanid kings and troops. The findings of this study indicate that war booty occasionally fills the empty treasury, contributes to the economic prosperity of the country and in some cases leads to tax exemptions and assistance to the poor and needy and in some cases causes chaos and social and military disorder. Thus, the dispute between Jupiter IV and Bahram Choobin was one of the military commanders regarding the spoils of war.

Khums is one of the obligations that has been consensusly agreed by Imamiyah and the public. However, in the concept of booty, different views have been adopted, some believe in a pretentious interpretation of the word "booty" and only consider the trophies of war, including "Ayatollah Khoei" And some people believe in the interpretation of the word, including Sahib Javaher and Mohammad Kazem Tabataba'i in Mustamsk al-Arwah and Ayatollah Hamedani, all consider trophies, including the benefits of war and other than that, and the new interpretation in which the epistemological sabbagh is dominant has been from the war, which includes the absolute of foreign and internal warfare, which in this research includes the argumentative foundations and documents of both groups. The basis for understanding and interpreting verses and hadiths is examined and analyzed. And the cause of disagreement and challenges about the concept of booty will be Reviewed and explored.

Background and The use of intraoral direct digital radiography has been possible only the past two decades. Controlled laboratory and clinical studies are needed to determine whether the new digital system changes the diagnosis، treatment and prognosis than the conventional methods. Purpose of this study is compare the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of approximal caries of three CCD-based digital systems. seventy eight surfaces in thirty nine extract unrestored posterior teeth were radiographed under standard condition using three CCD systems، Planmecadixi 2 image receptor with Dimaxis 2. 4. 1 (Helsinki، Finland) software، Progeny dental image receptor with Cygnus media 3. 0 (USA) software and RVGai Trophy image receptor with Trophy windows access (Eastman Kodak، France). The images were assessed by three observers. True caries existence and depth determined by histological examination. Diagnostic accuracy of the systems was validated by using Kappa agreement coefficient. for approximal carries، no significant differences were found in diagnostic accuracy between three CCD systems the diagnostic accuracy of digital CCD systems is comparable with each other. The existence and depth of the lesion had no significant effect on the performance of the imaging modality. Planmeca performed consistently better than others and Progeny performed consistently better than Trophy، but the differences were not significant.

In this study, the status of trophy of Choghakhor wetland was investigated using zoopelanktons. Sampling was performed in 4 seasons and 10 stations since April 2010 to March 2011. Spacing between stations adjacent was considered 1km to each other. Zooplankton sampling was done horizontally (2m) using closing net with an aperture size of 55 microns at depth of 30 cm. Results showed that the most abundant family of zooplankton communities are rotifers (9 families and 16 genera), Branchiopoda (3 families and 5 genera) and copepods (1family and 3 genera). Rotifera was the most abundant taxon in all seasons. Abundant of keratella sp. in spring, Monostyla sp.in summer and autumn and Polyarthra sp. in winter were significantly more than the other species (P>0.05). And also Shannon and Simpson diversity indices in autumn, were significantly higher in comparison with other seasons (P>0.05). The highest level of chlorophyll in summer and fall were 20.92 and 22.63 mg per cubic meter respectively. The annual average of that in the wetlands was determined 75.18 mg per cubic meter, showing that the trophy of wetland was high. In addition, evaluation of trophy indices based on phosphate, nitrate and transparency parameters, demonstrated that trophic state of wetland was in eutrophic condition. Increases in Abundant of Polyathra, Brachionus, Monostyla, Keratella geniuses in this condition can be a sign of eutrophication happening in this wetland.

The present study ,Principal component analysis and multivariate index were used for Classification and determine of trophy by according to the European water framework directive in coastal water hormozgan province. In the proposed approach, the first principal component is used and evaluated as a eutrophication index on independent dataset and four variables nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and phosphate as abiotic factors for biomass and chlorophyll a was used as an indicator of phytoplankton production. Water samples were collected at 10 stations during the 12 months in 2012. During the investigation, Lower Trophy (0.1) were at stations 9 & 10 and the Highest value(1.5) observed at the station 3(goorsoozan area). Based on the criteria by according to the European water framework directive ,level trophy in near coastal water and far from coast of Bandar Abbas have been In the situation of mezotroph condition, and the area Jask and Lengeh in oligotrophic condition respectively.Temporal analysis of Trophic conditions showed that the trophic status can be divided into first(oligo- mezotroph) and second(Mezo-Eutroph) periods. Also in many times, the level of water quality in coastal water of Bandar Abbas is the rank good or fairly good and the other area(Jask and Lengeh ) the good rating respectively.The low quality of coastal water in Bandar Abbas due to the potential impacts of the entry of nutrients from domestic and urban sewage into coastal waters.

Determining the conditions for water quality and the status of the trophy is one of the methods for assessing and assessing the ecological balance of wetland ecosystems, because the sustainability and continuity of productivity based on these unique ecosystems requires proper management of the monitoring and control of their environmental conditions. Therefore, conducting biological and ecological studies is necessary before any deployment of activity. Dolan Bayshah wetland is one of the largest wetlands of Lorestan province with a total area of 913.5 square meters and is located south of Boroujerd city and on the margin of Silakhor plain. In this study, the water quality index (WQI) was calculated based on 5 parameters: nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), turbidity (TURB), dissolved oxygen (DO), acidity (PH) and Characteristics of Carlsson Trophy Status (TSI) based on total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus to nitrogen (PN) ratio were used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of four sampling stations of Dalian bischled water in the summer of 2017 The results of this study showed that according to the Water Quality Index (WQI), this wetland for aquatic animals at poor quality sampling stations cement channel in the lower part of the village of Kaper Jodaki and Drainage area  ganjine is in good condition at station Perpendicular cement channel village of Kaper Jodaki and is located in the very poorly in Water Quality Station Bayshah Dolan wetland river  gle rod. Based on the Carlsson Trophy Index (TSI), the tropic level of the sandy lagoon is characterized by a slight mesotrophic trophic condition and the entry of mesotrophic conditions.

Determining of the wetland trophic condition is the first step at the qualitative assessment. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus that come with pollutants are one of the major problems affecting on water resources quality. These materials, mainly the results of human activities, are entered to water through the wastewater of agriculture and industry. Eutrophication is one of the effects of increasing nutrients in the aquatic ecosystems that it is most serious environmental threat. Trophic state index (TSI) is a useful tool to ease the expression of water quality and determination of the trophy position, which is presented by Carlsson. Due to importance of Anzali wetland in the region ecosystem, in the present study different models of Carlson index were used to investigate the status of the wetlands Trophy in 2014. For this purpose, 10 stations (brag of Bandar Anzali, Sorkhankal, PirBazar, Siadarvishan, Nokhaleh, Hendkhaleh, East wetlands, output of East wetlands, Abkenar and Mahruzeh) were selected to measure parameters. The data analysis was performed using SPSS 18 software. Normalization and homogeneity of data variances were investigated using Kolmogorov –Smirnov and Leven tests. In order to evaluate differences between sampling stations and stages, one-way ANOVA analysis and Duncan test were performed.
Any change in phosphorus concentration of fresh water ecosystems can alter its trophic status (Carvalho and Kirika, 2003). Kleeberg and Dude (1977) also have pointed to the direct role of phosphorus in the eutrophication process. According to 54 percent portion of forest and grassland of the watershed wetlands, the most important external source of Anzali wetland enrichment is forest floor litter and humus that inter into the wetland by raining flows (Darvishsefat et al. 1999). In addition, domestic sewage and adjacent residential areas, food and animal wastewater that inter into rivers without purification have an important role in intensifying of eutrophication process in the Anzali wetland. Moreover, vastness of the wetland areas, diversity of human activities in the basin and consequently entrance of organic and inorganic maters in to the wetland are the main causes of intensifying eutrophication (Sakizadeh, 2003). In this case, the important sources of nutrients material are including: agricultural fertilizer and domestic sewage. Eutrophication condition extends in wetland due to high consumption of dissolved oxygen by animals in the water, at night. So, the amount of dissolved oxygen reduces significantly in the hours of darkness.
Kimball (1974) studied the first wetland condition in regard to plant growth in Anzali. Mirzajani et al. (2010) showed trophic status of wetland in the years 1992 to 2002. Based on Darvishsefat et al. (1999) research for the years 1991 to1995 in terms of chlorophyll a, Anzali Wetland appears at the end of mesotroph and transferring to trophic status and according to total phosphate is in trophic and goes toward hypertrophy(Darvishsefatet al. 1999). Nezami (1995) assessed Anzali wetland in trophic status, in case of bacterio-plankton.
Solis and Lenard (2009) research on the trophy of three lakes (Piaseczno, Rogóźno and Krasnein Poland) showed changes in Carlson value due to increased amounts of nitrogen and phosphate. A similar study (Ejankowski and Lenard, 2014) on the lake Czarne and Głębokie observed increasing amount of TSI. The results of variance analysis in Anzali indicated a significant difference (P