Promoting rural life The main goal of agricultural jihad and national development policies is to achieve sustainable development. One of the key aspects for the success of these policies is the possibility of monitoring the quality of life in all its social, economic and environmental dimensions and requires the implementation of tools that can identify the main dimensions of human satisfaction but this is very complex. People in the Rurales of Varzeqan township are based on the basic components with reference to the theory of "age" capabilities to prevent the abandonment of Rurales. The research is descriptive and observational through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is the population of 10 selected Rurales in Varzeqan township. The sample size was 372 based on Cochran's formula. For data analysis of structural equations by heuristic and second-order factor method was performed using Amos and Spss software. The results show that the main determinants of well-being in terms of individual perceptions are economic conditions, security, environmental quality and educational opportunities. Welfare conditions in the Rurales of Khoinrood, Vanestan, and Chai Kennedy Khairuddin are very low, while in contrast, the Rurales of Verdin and Kasin offer the highest levels of welfare in the Varzeqan region. Focusing on the Rural of Khoinrood, we can see that this area offers the lowest values for the three main dimensions of the four main dimensions of welfare, which seems remarkable. As a result, to prevent the abandonment and emptiness of Rurales, double attention should be paid to the level of welfare and quality of life of rural residents.

The study of the population of ancient settlements provides the possibility of reconstructing the political, economic, social and cultural mechanisms of past societies and shows a new perspective on the life of previous societies. The present study was conducted on the county of Varzeqan, which has significant capacities in terms of ethno-archaeological research. However, so far no research has been conducted to estimate the population in this area. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method and an ethno-archaeological approach to estimate the population by establishing a logical connection between the population attraction models of modern settlements of Varzeqan and the Bronze Age sites. That is, calculating the approximate population by conducting field studies, estimating the extent and the population of ​​villages and nomadic settlements, and comparing the extent of ​​Bronze Age sites. This way, a clear understanding of the demographic changes in Varzeqan County can be achieved. Accordingly, the population density of Varzeqan county is estimated to be 42 people per hectare and the population density of Bronze Age settlements is estimated as follows: in the early Bronze Age, with an area of more than 3.8 hectares, a population of about 160 people; in the middle Bronze Age with an area of 12.7 hectares, a population of about 533 people; and in the late Bronze Age with an area of 75.53 hectares, a population of 3172 people were present and settled in this region.

In the present study, the attitudes of rural participants were analyzed, as well as the report of their mental and thinking performance regarding the issue of rural abandonment and decline in Varzeqan County. The research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method, and in the context of "mixed research method", it has used two methodological components (qualitative and quantitative). This research has two sample volumes for collecting qualitative and quantitative information. The qualitative section had 26 participants and was in the form of snowball sampling and the sample size of the quantitative section was 118 people. MAXQDA software is used to encode and analyze qualitative data and SEM method is used for quantitative data analysis. The results show that the reduction of job opportunities, migration, population decline, and demand for goods and services, respectively, form cycles that cause rural abandonment and its decline. "Fragmentation of arable lands", "Income gap", "Nationalization of rangelands", "Lack of proper cultivation pattern", "Process of changing the use of agricultural lands" and "Centralization of facilities and inequalities of development zones," are some of the most influential variables in the formation of this cycle in Varzeqan city.

The main purpose of the current study was to provide a methodological framework for quick and efficient assessment of the vulnerability of urban spaces to earthquake. Most of the variables affecting seismic vulnerability in cities are spatial in nature, so using a geographic information system for integration of these variables can lead to desirable results. However, one of the most important subjects in overlaying of layers in a geographic information system is the uncertainty in weighting and decision making. In this study, attempts were made to modify such uncertainties to a large extent using the functions of catastrophe theory. Using the mentioned approach makes the results of the model repeatable, which is a considerable advantage. Regarding the catastrophe theory, an attempt was made to present the basic equations of this model in a concise and simple way. Varzeqan city was selected for evaluating the seismic vulnerability based on the catastrophe theory. Approximately 21 percent of the total area of Varzeqan lies in the high and very high vulnerability classes. Given that the area of the city's built-up lands is about 32 percent, considerable percentage of these lands in the city is in high and very high vulnerability classes. Distribution of these zones is impressive, especially in the center of the city. These zones can be considered the most critical regions of Varzeqan. Unstable geological formations, high residential and population density, fine grained building, low quality buildings and lack of urban open spaces have caused this region to have severe vulnerability to earthquake.

The risk of an earthquake always overshadows human societies and causes irreparable damage to them, so be prepared to deal with this crisis by identifying vulnerabilities and addressing them to reduce the damage. It is affected by earthquakes. In this regard, the present study examined the physical vulnerability of the neighborhoods of Varzeqan city concerning the 14 indicators affecting the vulnerability to earthquakes. The research method is descriptive-analytical, which has been done using spatial layers related to the mentioned indicators. To analyze and overlap the layers, the MAP ALGEBRA (RASTER CALCULATOR) method has been used in the GIS software environment. ANP method was used to weigh the layers. The results showed that a significant percentage of the city of Varzeqan is located in high and very high vulnerability classes. Even more than 70 percent of neighborhoods, such as Boubl Cheshmehsi, are in a highly vulnerable class. Considering the seismic vulnerability zoning of the city and the distribution of vulnerable classes in the city neighborhoods, it can be concluded that the whole area of Varzeqan city is more vulnerable to the occurrence of earthquakes. In neighborhoods with low and very low vulnerability classes, a significant area of the city, barren land uses, open spaces, agriculture, and green spaces occupy a significant percentage of the neighborhood space, and as a result, They have low earthquake resistance.

Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township) Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township)Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township) Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township) Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township) Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township) Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township)