Nanofiltration (NF) is a very important technique in separation and purification of aqueous and non-aqueous mixtures in several applications, such as the retention of dyes from water, which is the largest application in this field. Nonetheless, it is still a key issue to enhance the rejection performance and improve the flux, the key factors for the performance of the final membrane. Accordingly, MIL-53(Al) nanoparticles were utilized in this research work because of their small pore sizes, significant hydrophilicity and outstanding water stability.

In this study, the synthesis of the MIL-53(Al) nanoparticles was conducted. Then, the preparation of polyethersulfone (PES)-MIL-53(Al) mixed matrix membranes was done through the VIPS-NIPS method, which is the vapor-induced phase inversion (VIPS) method coupled with non-solvent-induced phase inversion (NIPS) technique, in which the co-solvent of 1,4-dioxane was employed. Finally, the prepared nanoparticles and membranes were characterized using several techniques including attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and contact angle analyses.

Different membrane compositions with various MIL-53(Al) contents were prepared so that a membrane with superior performance in dye rejection application and high flux can be achieved. The performance of the fabricated membranes was investigated for rejection of various dyes in aqueous solutions including Reactive Red (RR), Direct Yellow (DY), Methyl Green (MG), and Crystal Violet (CV), based on which a great separation performance (dye rejections of 99.8, 99.5, 99.2, 98.8 and 97.1 for RR, MG, DY, CV and MB, respectively) and an excellent water flux (4.8 L/m2.h.bar) were provided by the membrane containing 0.06 wt% MIL-53(Al)..

The aim of this study is to provide a method toevaluate the intermingled nip stability. For this purpose,polypropylene (fully drawn yarn) FDY with three types ofintermingling Heberlein jet inserts (P412, P212, and S16) andthree air pressure values of 2, 3, and 4 bar was subjected tothe texturing process. In measuring the nip stability in theprevious methods, i.e. using the nip number, it was observedthat in some long nips with special structures, a nip withcertain length under the stretching process may becomeseveral nips with a less total entanglement length. This cancause an error in evaluating the nip stability. Therefore, inorder to evaluate the nip stability, it is suggested to use the niplength in the 360° study around the yarn axis to evaluate theeffect of the change in the length of the intermingled areas dueto stretching. Using the method presented in this research andafter performing experiments, the maximum and minimumnip stability with considering the nip length were 97.3% (forP412 jet insert and 4 bar air pressure) and 48.55% (for S16 jetinsert and 2 bar air pressure), respectively. However, the nipstability in the same test conditions based on nip density was74.47 and 52.94%, respectively.

In this paper, the effect of Vapor-Induced Phase Separation (VIPS) time on the morphology and performance of poly (phenyl sulfone) membranes was investigated. 14 wt.% dope solutions were employed for membrane fabrication. After casting the solution, the formed polymeric film was exposed to humid air for certain times to form a porous structure. Morphology and performance of membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), pore size distribution, pure water flux, and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) retention. Pore size distribution results showed that by an increase in VIPS time, the pore size of the membrane was increased, and SEM images showed that with increasing VIPS time, the thickness of the dense skin top layer decreased, also the surface of the membranes at first became smooth and then changed to rough. Moreover, by increasing the VIPS time, the pure water flux of the prepared membranes increased from 17.12 to 37.61 L/m².h. The performance of the fabricated membranes for retention of BSA indicated that with increasing the VIPS time, the retention of BSA decreased gradually from 71.3 to 52.3% but the flux increased more sharply from 6.94 to 17.36 L/m².h. Generally, vapor induced phase separation technique is an effective method that could be applied for fabricating membranes with different characteristics for different applications from one dope solution. If a membrane with antifouling features is required, low VIPS time should be applied and if a high flux membrane is desirable, high VIPS time should be employed.

Intermingling of wound yarns is an important method of producing cohesiveness between the individualfilament yarns. Many researchers have studied the effects of various parameters on yarn production. This paper attempts to investigate the effect of length and cross-sectional area of the yarn channel on yarn properties. A total of nine jets with yarn channel lengths of 20, 30 and 40 mm, and square cross section of 1.5, 2.25 and 3.0 mm were tested. The tests were carried out on the yarns to examine nip stability and microscopic observation of the nip points. It was concluded that, a short and narrow yarn channel may produce a short nip length with maximum nip density and stability. While, a long and wide yarn channel produces a long nip length with lowest nip density and stability. The width of the yarn channel had an effect on loose nips, while in the longest channel (40 mm), there was no difference on loose nips. The last class was two or more parallel structures, which decreased as the width of the yarn channel decreased. Loose nips varied in different channel lengths, though it did not show a specific trend.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the variations of β-endorphin (β-EP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) mice as well as the regulatory mechanism of prednison.
Sixty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and prednison intervention group. ITP mice model was duplicated by injecting with glycoprotein-antiplatelet serum (GP-APS) except in control group. After ITP disease model was successful established, prednison was used in prednison intervention group. The β-EP, VIP, 5-HT and NE contents of ITP mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Compared with the values in control group, the detection values of VIP and 5-HT in model group declined, while the detection values of β-EP and NE increased. Compared with prednison intervention group, the detection values of VIP and 5-HT in model group increased, while the detection values of β-EP and NE showed no significant change.
In this study, the β-EP, VIP, 5-HT and NE contents in ITP mice injected with GP-APS were changed by prednison. It shows that prednison as the first-line therapy for ITP with effective hemostasis function is likely to increasing the contents of VIP and 5-HT. These results suggest the therapeutic value of prednison for the treatment of ITP.

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of low intensity aerobic exercise on serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) hormones in the Non-Athlete Healthy Elderly Women and Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. 15 females with the coronary artery disease and 15 healthy females were randomly selected for experimental and control groups, respectively. For eight weeks, the participants participated in aerobic exercises three times a week at a constant intensity of 100 ± 10 heart beats per minute. To evaluate VIP and ET-1 hormonal changes, blood samples of all participants were taken 3 times (before, immediately after the last session and 24 hours after last session). Repeated Measures ANOVA test was used to evaluate changes in the VIP, ET-1, and blood pressure. Pearson correlation coefficient Test was used to compare two variables in the control and experimental group. Data analysis did not show any significant difference in the levels of VIP and ET-1 serum before, immediately after and 24 hours after the 24th session in the control group (P=0.52 and P=0.15, respectively) and the patients group (P=0.46 and P=0.22, respectively). Low intensity aerobics exercise will not change the serum VIP and ET-1 levels in the elderly women. Even though this result showed the same amount of VIP and ET-1 level in the healthy women and the patients with coronary artery diseases, the conclusion is that cardiac patients can undergo the progressive exercise programs and withstand higher intensity of exercise.

This study examined whether utilizing Video Inclusive Portfolios (VIP) as teachers' feedback had significantly impacted the reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners and whether utilizing VIP makes a noticeable variation in the reading comprehension abilities of Iranian men and women who are learning EFL. Moreover, the study explored the Iranian EFL teachers' perceptions of VIP as teachers' feedback to develop a fitting model for the Iranian EFL contexts. The study favored a quantitative-qualitative design. To this end, 120 male and female Iranian EFL learners were selected randomly based on the NTC's TOEFL test rubrics. In addition to the learners, 15 EFL teachers were also selected for the qualitative stage. Three computer applications, NTC's TOEFL Test, and interviews were the research instruments. Statistical procedures were utilized to analyze the quantitative data presented and for the qualitative part, a theme-based approach using MAXQDA was followed. The findings revealed that VIP significantly impacted the reading comprehension of learners studying EFL. Furthermore, the study did not find any significant difference among the participants of the study regarding their reading comprehension across the two genders.  The findings also indicated although some problems were mentioned by the participants, the teachers had a positive perception toward utilizing VIP in language learning/teaching of the reading comprehension skill. Finally, the results showed that a fitting model for the Iranian EFL contexts had some specific features, such as its multimodality, novelty, and strategies for improving and utilizing VIP, thereby receiving better correction than other types of feedback.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze geological samples (water) using cartridge in order to pre- concentration of these samples. In this paper, the study of Uranium ion imprinted polymer (IIP) synthesis is addressed. The Uranium ion complex in (CH3Coo)2 Uo2. 2H2O is considered as the initial nucleus of polymer. This complex is formed by di vinyl phosphonic acid (VIP) ligand. Then, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) is used as cross linker and azobis isobutyronitril (AIBN) acting as initiator in polymerization is applied for the final synthesis of polymer. The synthesis of these polymers is performed by covalent interactions. The complex of non- imprinted polymer (NIP) is also synthesized under above- mentioned condition but without the presence of Uranium ion and ligand. IIP was obtained can be used as a high absorbent for solid phase extraction (IIP-SPE). In addition, the study of condition andtests such as pH effect on absorption, permeability factor, acid concentration and volume which is required for elution is conducted in order to test the column efficiency. The experimental evidences indicate that the maximum absorption of Uranium ion is in pH= 7. In addition, 1M nitric acid solution with 5 ml volume has the highest elution rate. The rate of uranium permeation was measured above 200 mm. The results were obtained by ICP-MS as reference and ICP-OES to promote the analytical reading and reduce the detection limit. These results indicate very high absorption of IIP for Uranium ions. It must be noted that this process was successfully applied for pre-concentration of geological samples, inparticular water samples and led to the promotion of results from analyzing all metallic ions such as uranium ion in geological samples (water) by ICP-OES and analytical optimization with lower detection limit by ICP-MS.

Well-known corrosion and wear resistance of electroless nickel phosphorus (NiP) coatings led studies on upgrading of mechanical and chemical properties and feasibility of its application in different industries. In this study, the effect of coating applying time on corrosion and wear resistance of the electroless nickel phosphorus-nano graphene oxide composite coating (NiP/GO) on st37 steel substrate was studied, comparing the simple electroless nickel phosphorus coatings. According to the polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results, NiP/GO deposit possessed more corrosion resistance than NiP coatings and the appropriate coating time was 60 minutes. The results also revealed that the presence of graphene oxide in nickel phosphorus coatings and increasing of coating applying time causes increasing of the coating microhardness by 279.8 HV and the friction coefficient by 19.33%.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) plays an important role in modulating coronary blood flow and heart rate. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of low intensity aerobic exercise on plasma levels of VIP hormone، blood pressure and heart rate in healthy elderly men and women، and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study، 15 healthy women and 15 healthy men and 15 female and 15 male with CAD disease were randomly chosen as the experimental and control groups. Subjects did aerobic exercises tree days/week، for eight weeks، with the heart rate of 10010 beats per minute. Blood samples were taken from each subject in three stages، (before، immediately after and 24 hours after the 8 weeks of exercising). The results showed that there was a significant difference among plasma VIP levels in the four groups. Moreover، a significant difference was observed between the systolic blood pressure in the four groups (P=0. 01) and the systolic blood pressure in male patients and healthy women (P=0. 03) while there was no meaningful difference the systolic blood pressure in the two other groups. There was also a significant difference in the heart rate of the three rounds of sampling in the three of groups (P=0. 002) but no significant difference was observed in healthy men. According to the above results، it seems that the duration and intensity of each workout should be considered to reach the VIP stimulation threshold. It may bring about considerable changes in VIP levels.