نشریه یافته های نوین کشاورزی
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 36، تابستان 1394)

Germination and seedling establishment of the major stages in the life cycle of plants is influenced by various environmental factors. This study was designed to investigate the effect of seed priming on germination characteristics of forage maize plant was done. Priming treatments included four levels (zero, 1, 2 and 3 mM), salicylic acid and salinity of 4 concentrations (zero, 1, 2 and 3%) sodium chloride, respectively. Factorial experiments in completely randomized design with three replications at the Research Lab of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz was performed. Priming with salicylic acid improve percentage rate, the germination index. The results showed that the effect of priming with salicylic acid and salinity on the percentage, speed of germination index, see Index Seed, Seedling and rootlet weight was significant. Highest percentage, speed of germination index of seeds by salicylic acid, 1 and 2 mM prim and salinity was free environment. Vigor index of seeds by salicylic acid, 1 and 2 mM prim and salinity conditions were 1% had the maximum value. Salicylic acid concentration increased to 3 mM reduced traits was assessed in this study. Seedling fresh weight of the seeds by the concentration of 2 mM prim and salinity conditions were 2 percent was highest. Interaction among different concentrations of salicylic acid and sodium chloride showed no significant difference in terms of weight rootlet.

One of the unique traits of plants is the conversion of the radiation energy into the chemical energy. Rapid canopy development and closure in crop increases interception of solar radiation and can be resulted in increases crop yield. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the relationship between canopy development on forage yield in alfalfa and determination of traits that affect canopy development. The study included 8 alfalfa cultivars (Baghdadi, Bami, Sarbandi, Nikshahri, Mohajerani, Harati, Hamedani and Yazdi). Laboratoral tests (Germination, seed deterioration and seedling growth tests) using completely randomized design and field experiment using randomized complete blocks carried out in 2013 – 2014. The results showed that the correlation of seed vigor (rapid, uniformity and germination percentage) with rapid canopy closure and forage yield were not significant when there were optimum plant density in field. Rapid canopy closure had significant effect on dry forage yield; cultivars with faster canopy development produced more dry forage yield. Leaf area index and crop dry matter at beginning of exponential growth phase and relative leaf area development rate and relative growth rate during the exponential phase, the average of individual leaf area and leaf area ratio were detected as effective traits in rapid canopy closure

The project was conducted at the research farm of FarmahiniPayam Noor University in 1390.The project was conducted in most randomized complete block with four replications of 8 plots. The treatments consisted of spraying elements like: zinc, iron, manganese, iron, manganese, zinc and iron, zinc, manganese, iron, zinc, manganese andtreating control. Fertilizers in a concentrations of 5 per1000 insulphate form were sprayed. Spraying was carried out in two stages, jointing and tassel emergence. The results showed that the effect of treatment on the characteristics of ash, fiber, protein, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and manganese were significant. The usage ofIron, zinc and manganese leads to decreased fiber and phosphorus and nitrogen and potassium concentrations in forage sorghum. Also there is a negative relationship Between concentrations of Fe, Zn and Mn in plants.use one of them cause a decrease in density of others.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of drought stress using four different tillage methods on yield and yield components of hullessbarley in Gorgan, Iran region. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement with three replications was carried during 2012-13 growing season. The main factor for different methods of tillage was including moldboard plow, chisel plow, disc plow and no-tillage and sub- factor was including irrigation at ear emergence stage amount 100, 75 and 50 percent of field capacity and no irrigation. Results showed that drought stress caused a delay in the occurrence of phenological stages and reduces plant height, spike length, grain weight, grain and biological yield and harvest index. Tillage with chisel reduces days to the occurrence of phenological stages. This treatment also resulted in increasing yield per spike, number of grains per spike and number of grains per square meter. Plant height was significantly lower in disc plow and no-tillage treatments than chisel and moldboard plow. Conservation tillage reduced thousand green weights but this reduction was not significant. Biological and grain yield and harvest index was maximized chisel plow treatment and its difference with other methods was significant.

In order to study of effects chemical and biologic fertilizers and their interaction on physiological characteristics, yield and yield component corn forage under drought stress. An experiment was conducted in 2011 growing season at personal farm. An experiment was conducted split factorial based on randomized complete design with three replications. Sub factors experiment include nitrogen fertilizer was three levels zero, 125, and 250 kg urea fertilizer in four stage from leaves six until after the stage pollination and three levels biologic fertilizers nitroxin include zero, 0 /5 and 1 lit per each 25 kg seed was the seed inoculation. Main factor include drought stress with tow stage irrigation 7 days (non-stress) and irrigation 10 days (drought stress) were in main plot. Traits measurement were according to ear height, ear diameter, ear length, row number in ear, kernel number in row, kernel number in ear and forage yield. Results showed employ urea and nitroxin on yield was better than none treated. Also complete irrigation than the drought stress was significant on yield. Highest and lowest yield forage obtained respectively in treatment integrated 125 kg urea fertilizer, 1 lit nitroxin in complete irrigation the mean 110/9 t/ha and in treatment none use of urea and nitroxin and drought stress the mean 59/1 t/ha. In general treatment integrated 125 kg urea fertilizer and 1 lit nitroxin in complete irrigation was better than other treatment.

This investigation was carried out to study the qualitative and quantitative performance of two varieties of forage maize under conventional, integrated and in conversion to organic production systems in summer of 2010 in Pishavar (in Varamin). The experimental design was split-plot, based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments consisted of production systems (conventional, integrated and in conversion to organic) located in the main plots and two varieties (single cross 704 and single cross 260) arranged in the sub-plot. In conventional production system only chemical inputs were used. For integrated production system, chemical, organic and biologic nutrients were used together. But for organic production system, only biological organic inputs were applied. Results showed that maximum values ​​for dry forage yield, wet forage yield were respectively related to the integrated production systems and the highest plant height obtained from conventional production systems, respectively. The results showed that single cross 704 have maximum values for all measured traits than single cross 260, except for nitrogen content in the leaves.