مجله نظارت و بازرسی
پیاپی 6 (زمستان 1387)

According to the evaluation of different countries' industries, the efficient job of the man in a week is 54-72 hours in Korea, 49-60 hours in Japan and 36-40 hours in the United States while this is only 6-9 hours in Iran. This is just one of the indicators of inappropriate use of time among Iranian. Based on these statistics and the importance of time deliberate usage in developing a country, it should be notified that the national identity and confidence are not just due to a rich history but deliberate act and living are used exaggeratedly by Iranians is the time, so that neglecting this has caused many idealogical beliefs change and unfairness and incosiderateness substitute accountability. Time is one of the issues which is considered according to religion. The prophet says that " The great Allah provides you with opportunities during your life; you should try to use them." Thus based on the fact that this year has been nominated the year of modifying consumption pattern by Supreme Leader, it would seem that the time is the least controllable and irreturnable input of each system to follow this pattern and is the source of many advances or lacks. In this paper, we have tried to analyze and manage this factor as one of important solutions in general consumption pattern in country. Based on this, the role of managers in time efficiency has been illustrated by clarifying definitions of time and its management and the paper concludes with defining principals and practical approaches in time management.

This paper has been done in order to: 1) Determine the level of current motives for improving staff and field police officers and leaders, 2) Consider the relation between improving motives and job performance of police officers and leaders and 3) Measure the relation between the four personal variable (education, age, rank and work experience). In order to do so, we have reviewed the field literature and researches done on this field first. Then we have modified the motive indices and estimated a measuring scale to evaluate this psychological feature and determined its validity and reliability. This scale was done on a population of 644 police leaders and officers. The data were analyzed by SPSS. The results showed that 1) The level of improving motives for police officers and leaders fluctuates, 2) there is a meaningful correlation between the level of police officers' and leaders' improving motive and their job performance and 3) There is a direct or reverse relation between police leaders' improving motives and personal characteristics.

In fact, many crimes are committed in police fields. These crimes include a vast area of government officials' crimes and other people. Bribery, embezzlement, hitting the offenders, official properties' robbery, offenders' fleeing, exploiting job situation, the suicide of offenders, illegal enforcement and other crimes are of the most important committed crimes in police fields.The situational prevention is one of the effective ways of crime prevention. This prevention is crime-oriented and tries to prevent crime commitment by offenders through some decisions.This paper is to clarify the situational prevention and its techniques, and also providing leaders and managers with some practical ways of crime prevention in police area.

There have been introduced different criteria for distinguishing strategic form operational management till the emergence of strategy in management literature. We believe these criteria are not accurate and acceptable. Strategic approach is a separate view beside scientific, human relations, systematic and contingency approaches toward management. This view helps us consider issues in objective and subjective(conceptual) level, and complete management theories by aligning and integrating these two levels. Strategic formulation, implementation and control are three parts of comprehensive strategic management model that these parts complete each other and create synergy in organizations through alignment and integration. Strategic control is the control in conceptual level and defined as formal and informal procedure that helps the organization to establish or maintain its sustainable dynamic situation. This article introduces a comprehensive model for strategic management according to the definition and discusses the component of the model within two kinds of strategic control: strategic process control and strategic content control.

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The illegal intervention on public properties is one of the crimes against public welfare which is similar to embezzlement and betrayal. According to the inspections' reports in governmental organizations, the analysis of the forementioned crime and its differentiating from embezzlement are of the most significance. In terms of results, some of them are absolute crimes and some are partial. In this paper, we have tried to solve the ambiguities using the analysis of its elements.

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Today knowledge is recognized as one of the valuable organizational assets and the main source of competitive advantage, transferring and applying knowledge is of crucial importance. But what is often neglected is the social nature of required context on which the mentioned processes must be accomplished. Social capital as an organizational resource helps in providing such a context. In the paper, knowledge is the context of organization will be introduced and different dimensions and elements of knowledge management as a strategy to achieve competitive advantage will be explained. Furthermore, different type of social capital, its main dimensions and its role in knowledge management will be described. Social relations enable the organizations to access to valuable knowledge bases. Social capital makes it possible to create intellectual capital through impacting the conditions needed to acquire (capture) and transfer knowledge. Finally, the role of social capital in providing the suitable conditions to access knowledge sharing and promotion in the organizations will be discussed.

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The aim of this research is to consider effective ground factors in committing critical crimes particularly bribery among police personnel. In order to do so, the bribery complaints between 1381 and 1385 were analyzed through random sampling method, 218 people were selected as samples and the required data was taken out using a questionnaire. The results show that these factors are as follow: the difference in salary, the lack of economic and financial capabilities, the economic inflation and living problems, neglecting the act of vice prevention and virtue promotion, the expectation levels, removing the incidency of committing financial crimes (bribery), relationship with corrupt people and tending to accept bribe and society's corruption in committing this crime.

This repor thasta kenout from a book called " New age of supervision and management in police organization" written by MichaelA. Petrilloand DanielDelbagno. The purpose of this publication is toprovide the police supervisor and manager with abasicreference for the study of individ ualand group behavior and the principles and techniques of applied supervision and management.The leadership, supervision and management are in tangible and hard to measure and difficult to describe. However, the supervis or canunderstand how to motivatesubo rdinates and reach apersonal framework on supervision and management through applying the content of this book. The realization of people's behavior is an ecessary factor of supervision and management strategies. In this book, the traditional principles of supervision have been analyzed throug hacritical view which show that the supervision rulesare still valid an dvaluable. The result salsoreview that we had better educatesupervisor show to apply these rules in amore effective way in the field of behavior alscience and motivation. The correctunder standing of supervision rulesand people's behavior reason saswell as efficient use of the supervision strategies help manager sreach the needed criteria of supervision in recentyears. This book has been based on this fact that each supervisor is able to improve through studying and learning and focuses on the person albehaviors expected from a supervisor

The police personnel crimes have negative results on three levels of personal, organizational and social which necessitates using a logical and unified strategy in controlling staffs' crimes in police section. In this program- organizational strategy of personnel protection, the leaders and managers of police section play an important role which with a general view and regardless of threats, the major facts in protecting personnel are as follow: providing the financial needs of personnel, providing the mental health of personnel, developing religious beliefs, staff training and improving self-controlling tendency among staffs. Police leaders and managers have an essential role in personnel protection in each of political, security, behavioral and financial threats. However, the significant factor of successful practice of these acts is defining and establishing the protective acts of police leaders and personnel in frame of strategy for personnel protection. The leaders and managers should do the following practice in the three field of special threats:a) Moral threats: 1) facilitating the staffs' marriage, 2)using female police in the field of feminine practices, 3)limiting the access to illegal properties, 4) modifying the structure of sending staffs to long-term mission, 5) removing the lack of female jails, 6)rapidity in females problems in police sections, b) political and security threats: 1) training staffs politically, 2)training staff entrapment, 3) increasing staff commitment, c) financial threats: 1) improving living conditions of staffs, 2) improving job satisfaction, 3) improving organizational justice