نشریه دانش های بومی ایران
پیاپی 3 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

As a combination of belongings, skills, values, beliefs, tools and methods of a social or national group, Indigenous knowledge has inherited through the experiences and confirmation of constituent generations in different fields of life. Its accurate application can lead to endogenous development that in fact is in correspondence with people’s culture and environment of that society. Present article identifies one of the most important new methodological approaches in social investigations arena and its status in recognition of indigenous knowledge and values. Grounded theory has the ability to create new theories in correspondence with that society by recognition of present reality instead of proving existed theories.
Methodologically the basis of grounded theory is production and construction of theory from present data in society. In this method inductive approach is used and researcher starts his work with observation and interviews and then brings up structures and contents or general topics. After this step, by the help of interpretive methods, theories are created and presented without previous presumptions. Hence, referring the essence of this theory, it can be used as a method with devices for recognition of values and skills and generally our society’s indigenous knowledge

The indigenous knowledge arises from reality of human life and experiences on the earth, which indeed stems from ancestors. They may have got this knowledge from their living directly and gather it experimentally. So they are specific for one ecosystem. The desert truffles are from a group of edible mushrooms grow under the soil like tuber. Local people may find them in natural habitats in Iran and other different regions of Mediterranean climate. From old days these fungi are interesting and edible mushrooms for humankind. In recent years the tendency to these truffles has increased especially by many amateur groups and led them to grow those in orchards as a new activity.
While there is an indigenous knowledge about them among local people, a little study is present about identification of different species of desert truffle in Iran. That is to say there are not significant scientific activities about these
groups of fungi. Indigenous knowledge can be considered as a base of science. Actually the indigenous knowledge is full of many ideas and interesting case study and research should be done in this area. But the indigenous knowledge with its intrinsic talents progress through observing with the naked eye, without any instruments. The indigenous knowledge of desert truffles exactly separates the species of truffles and their special host plants. According to indigenous knowledge people could determine the location and time of growth of desert truffles. The indigenous knowledge understands the relation of evolution between desert truffle and their plant hosts. Today with research about the different aspects of fungi and symbiosis; especially with molecular methods, the scientists can understand the host specificity and evolution of truffles.

We can take into account the plants as a one of the most crucial Elements in ecosystem cycle; the cycle that its goal is to provide an environmental situation for existence. Plants during the primitive life of the people had an important role in livelihood. They have been food, dress, Fuel, accommodation, healer of disease and ornamentation of the People. Plants have not only an important role in ease of people, but also take into account as an important nutrition source of other animates.
This study tries to identify wild plants (Self-propelled plant, small tree, grassy) in Izeh Province and investigate their role in the local people’s life. In fact the researcher living in specific places in different periods explores the function of these plants among people. Methodologically, this research is based on the prevalent ways of Anthropology Studies. The use of written sources for collection of Catechism. Also interview and observatory participation were done. The result of the study can be effective in beneficial usage of mentioned plants in present industries. Besides, it can introduce different unknown plants species and gain the attention of expert researcher in this field which may lead to make decisions on maintaining, using and Proliferation of these species.

The dominant tree species in forests of Lorestan province are Manna oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.), and local community has used this species in different cases. During the time, these uses have led to significant relation among local people and the forest. The relation is often based on experiences and largely practical. The relation enables the communities to meet their needs in various aspects of life during the time. This study has demonstrated the tangible uses of Manna oak in local community in the Ceshmehali village of the Kakasharaf region of Khorramabad county, Lorestan province. The research method was ethnography and applying semi structured, non-structured interviews and participatory observation. Also Meter and Diameter tape were used for quantitative measurements. Actual uses were classified in 7 categories, Including: food, construction, medicine, handicraft, livestock, fuel, and agricultural uses. In some of the categories the amount of uses declined; and in others, such as livestock and fuel uses remained considerable.