نشریه دانش های بومی ایران
پیاپی 21 (بهار و تابستان 1403)

Throughout history, Iranians' livelihoods were contingent on agriculture and farming, and affluent landowners and lords were regarded as noble and high social strata. Existing historical and archaeological records and documents demonstrate agricultural heritage sites in Iran's cultural area. Some are related to farmsteads, which developed from the early Islamic ages to the twentieth century and were utilized for centuries as a means of subsistence and commerce. They had four ownership system types: endowment, lordship, court and regality, and in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, part of them came under lordship ownership. This ownership type has resulted in physical and functional changes in historical farmsteads due to political, social, and economic changes in Iran during the 19th and 20th centuries, challenging their identity and authenticity.The moot point of the research is the need for a deeper understanding of the relationship between lordly ownership and the life of Iranian farmsteads during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, and this article aims to introduce the influential elements using the interpretive approach and historical interpretive strategy. To this end, the Qazibala farmstead in Qom will be used as a healthy and comprehensive case study of an Iranian farmstead.

Alternative medicine treatment traditions, are favored by a range of social actors. The purpose of the research is to identify the areas of tendency towards alternative medicine traditions and to discover the lived experience of Tehrani citizens regarding procedures included in them. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with 30 people who referred to diagnostic-treatment centers active under alternative medicine traditions in Tehran, who were selected purposefully and based on inclusion criteria. Exploration of experiences was done based on the Claizian method. "Hegemony of social constructions discrediting biomedicine", "Demand of heterogeneity arising from the spread of Corona", "Hidden coexistence of biomedicine with economy and politics", "Prevention and treatment as a lifestyle", "Applied therapy in the context of the organic and natural, "pluralistic undesirability of bio-medicine ", and "effective identity creation based on self-realization" were the final themes answering the study questions. The informants are further informed about the opposition to some of the words and actions included in the traditions of alternative medicine. They put emphasis on refusing to stick to advertisements and avoiding the confiscation of religious beliefs and traditional ideas for the common good, and development of professionalism in regard to promotion of alternative medicine traditions.

Cultural landscapes that result from diverse changes and are influenced by crises caused by natural or human processes can be valuable references for learning, decision-making, and planning in the face of changes in the contemporary world. The study aimed to design a conceptual model of the continuity of the evolutionary process of the cultural landscape in the face of climate change using the grounded theory method. Purposive sampling was done with 30 samples, data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, and data was analyzed using MAXQDA software. Following the explanation of the concept of the cultural landscape and the analysis of its evolution based on the theory of structuration, landscape ecology, and change, the results of the study showed that the continuous evolution of cultural landscapes against environmental stresses, including climate changes, requires the discovery and recall of lived experiences during the moments of change and transformational learning in the direction of mitigation, adaptation, value-creating, and regeneration measures. The application of this model in formulating strategies in temporal-spatial scales can lead to the improvement of cultural resilience of cultural landscapes and establish continuity in the path of evolution.

Intangible cultural heritage is a bridge that connects the past to the present and the present to the future. The intangible heritage of Gorgan has also brought the dynamism and vitality of Gorgan's historical context from long ago to the present day by flowing in the neighborhood centers. these centers are Takāya of the city. The Takaya of the city is the arena of manifestation of living culture and a public place to show cultural and religious solidarity. This article, with the aim of "introducing and documenting the intangible heritage and living culture of the Gorgan in relation to the urban and neighborhood centers of the city (Takāya)", relies on written and oral documents. This study has recorded and introduced this heritage of Gorgan through document study and interviews. A study that shows that some of these legacies are still active (Such as Toqh Bāndān, Halīm-Pazī, Sobhe Ruo-Siāh and Shām-i Gharībān), some of them have changed (Such as Daste-Gardāni, Pā-Manbarī, Daste-Choubī) and some of them (Such as women's ta'ziya) have also been forgotten. Considering the interrelated relationship between Takaya's structure and the intangible heritage of the city, this dual relationship has provided better conservation.

As one of the important occupations, cloth weaving played a significant role in the economy, culture and social conditions of Iranian society in the Safavid era. Due to the support of the court and rulers, this profession experienced significant growth and development. The expansion of textile workshops and the gathering of artists in these workshops caused valuable textiles to be remembered from this period. These textiles were often used to supply the clothes of courtiers, luxurious curtains, and royal tombs. Textiles that seem to be neglected today and forgotten after the Safavid era. Based on this, the aim of this research is to identify the weaving method of a sample of Safavid period fabrics kept in the Metropolitan Museum. To make the weaving method of this fabric a technical analysis. The collection of information in this research was in the library and field. To achieve this goal, it has been done using a descriptive-analytical method.The findings of this research show that in the Prince and Asir fabric, for the implementation of the pattern, the atlas-finish type of weave is necessarily used, and the method of pattern implementation is in the form of a train. (Rupport 1/2 Rotating Adjective).

Textiles had wide-ranging applications in people's daily lives during the Qajar era, as in any other era. This study aimed to identify different applications of fabrics in Qajar kitchens and catering and also examine their decorations and accessories. The main research question is how can the digital archive of Harvard University be employed to recover and analyze fabric pieces used in the Qajar kitchen and catering. This was historical research using a descriptive-analytical approach and purposive sampling of Qajar fabrics associated with food preparation and feasting. The findings revealed that fabrics played a significant role in storing catering equipment during this period. These items were generally decorated with embroidery. Some items such as tablecloths and eating mats were sometimes decorated through printing techniques (Kalamkari). Although fabrics decorated through weaving techniques were used in kitchen settings, the extensive utilization of decoration (particularly needlework and, later on, block printing) in small kitchen items was aimed for decorative purposes and also concealing wear and tear in fabrics.