نشریه ابن سینا
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 56، پاییز 1395)

Given the important effects of loneliness on health and it has not been studied precisely in our country among the spouses of personnel deployed to long-term missions, therefore, the current study was done to investigate loneliness and related factors among spouses of naval personnel.
In this cross-sectional study with simple random sampling, 120 spouses of personnel deployed to long-term naval missions were selected in one of the regions of the navy in 2015. They were assessed using the short form of the Social-Emotional Loneliness Scale (SELSA-S). Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
The mean and standard deviation of romantic loneliness, family loneliness, social loneliness, and general loneliness were 12.8±7.6, 7.8±4.5, 12.5±4.9, and 32.9±9.8, respectively. Also, it was found significant differences in loneliness scores (general, social, or family) among different age groups, number of children, and work experience of spouse (p The highest value in loneliness is related to romantic loneliness score. Younger women with fewer children are at risk of more loneliness in its all aspects.

A high emotional intelligence and mental health makes soldiers immune to the problems and leads them to more conformity in military fields. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of emotional intelligence with mental health and demographic factors in IR army soldiers.
This was a descriptive, explanatory, and quantitative study. Research population included all soldiers of a military unit in Tehran city. Of them, 350 subjects were randomly selected with simple random sampling. Three questionnaires including General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), emotional intelligence (Schutte et al.), and demographic information were used for data gathering in this research.
It was shown that emotional intelligence has a significant negative relationship with mental health (r=-0.523) and its components including somatic symptoms (r=-0.328), anxiety (r=-0.388), social dysfunction (r=-0.461), and depression (r=-0.470). Also, according to the average scores of mental health components (24.74), soldiers were at a relatively high level of healthy.
This study indicated that emotional intelligence is highly correlated with mental health and its components among soldiers. Thus, people with high emotional intelligence are more self-reliant and have a more positive attitude to themselves. They also have a more tendency to confront the problems and solve them to reduce stress in their life.

Due to the urgent need for physical activity during training and in the field, military forces require to a relatively high level of physical readiness. The present study was conducted to evaluate physical and motor readiness of cadets based on army international norms.
This study was performed among 272 healthy graduated cadets (mean age 21.89 ± 1.07 years, height 175.36 ± 5.91 cm, and weight 69.95 ± 9.12 kg). Firstly, height, weight, and body composition were measured for each of the participants. Then, all subjects followed a warm up for 15 minutes, and finally performed physical and motor readiness tests. The data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 22).
According to our findings, the average of physical and motor readiness was within the normal range. Also, results revealed that students got the highest scores in Swedish swimming test and two-mile run test, and the lowest in sit-up test. The assessment of body mass index showed that 81.98% of students were within the healthy weight range. In addition, 97.42% of students were in the normal range for waist-hip ratio.
Given the results in this study, students got the best scores in cardiovascular tests and the weakest results in muscular endurance of the central part of the body. In general, due to the importance of the central part of the body to prevent injuries in military activities, it is recommended to pay more attention to the training of this part.

It seems that the effect of training on improving physical performance is not always associated with beneficial effects on internal organs. So far, the effects of high-intensity interval training and subsequent exposure to hypoxia have not been investigated on lung parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic hypoxia followed by high-intensity interval training on amount of lung inflammation.
Totally, 24 male Wistar rats (four weeks old, 71±4 gr) were randomly divided into four groups: 6-week control group (n=6), 6-week exercise group (n=6), 9-week control group (n=6), and exercises-hypoxia group (n=6). A training program (running on treadmill) was started with 25 meters per minute and was finished with 70 meters per minute. In each training session, rats performed the intense activity with 10 repetition times and two minutes of rest. The work to rest ratio was 1:2. After six weeks of interval training, rats were kept in a hypoxic chamber for three weeks. At the end, lung tissues extracted for stereological and immunohistochemistry analyses.
Both 6-weeks exercise and exercise-hypoxia groups indicated a significant increase in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), macrophage population and, IL-6 compared to the control group (p It seems a period of high-intensity interval training could possibly inflamed lung tissue. In addition, chronic hypoxia conditions may aggravate the inflammatory effects of intense exercise.

In order to physical readiness in military men, it is important to evaluates the of blood variables. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of six weeks anaerobic training and carbohydrate consumption on plasma levels of interleukin-6, hepcidin, and iron in military men.
The statistical society included 32 randomly selected military men who were divided into four groups: control, anaerobic training, carbohydrate, and anaerobic training with carbohydrate group. The experimental groups participated in the training program for six weeks, three times a week. The control group without doing any exercise and carbohydrate intake was controlled by the researcher. After 12-hour fasting and during two stages, before and after six weeks, blood samples were collected. Data was analyzed using t-test and ANOVA statistical analysis. The significance level was considered at p ≤ 0.05.
Based on our findings, it was observed that the level of interleukin-6 increased significantly in anaerobic training with carbohydrate group (p=0.008) as well as anaerobic training group (p=0.013) in comparison with the control group. Moreover, six weeks anaerobic training and with and without carbohydrate intake had no significant effect on plasma levels of hepcidin and iron.
It seems that anaerobic exercise with intensity of 70 to 90% of maximum heart rate may be important in determining the extent of the inflammatory response.

According to the evidence, mental disorder is a major reason of militaries disability, so it is important to increasing acknowledge about mental health in soldiers.
This study with purpose of assessing mental disorders prevalence and behavioral consequence questionnaires in soldiers is a basic and descriptive research. Mental health scale and behavioral consequence scale were administered in a sample of 607 soldiers of prisoners.
results showed significant differences in mental health scores of three phases. Anxiety, OCD and Sleep disorders scores predicted behavioral consequence scores.
result show a U shape process in psychopathology subscales that is consistent with other finding in duty soldiers. Also relationship between mental health and behavioral consequence was significant. It seems that the tendency of people to behavioral problem is reflection of their emotional and psychological problem, so mental health promotion of soldiers in addition to the potential benefits can be prevent high risk behaviors.

Given the role of factors such as negative emotion and body image in non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors, the main objective of this study was to investigate the mediator role of body image and regulation of emotion in relationship between negative emotion (depression and hopelessness) and non-suicidal self- injury among soldiers.
The method of present study was a structural equation model. For this reason, a number of 302 soldiers were selected using random sampling method from soldiers referred to a army hospital in 2014 – 2015. The tools used in this study included Short Form of the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Body Investment Scale, Gouritz’s Self-Injury Behavior Inventory, and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The data were analyzed using statistical mediation analysis and also using SPSS Amos (version 22) software package, and finally the most graceful model was selected.
There was a significant relationship between negative emotion and self-injury, so that negative strategies of emotion regulation and negative perceptions from body image had a role mediator between self-injury and negative emotion. Also, it was shown that self-injury has a negative relationship with the level of education and age, while it has an inverse relationship with addiction.
According to the results of present study, it can be concluded that persons with negative emotion, who have used regulation strategies of negative emotion and have more negative perception towards their bodies were more prone to self-injury.

Penetrating injuries that happens in armed conflicts can be caused by bullet's direct hit or collision of published fragments. This study aimed to investigate epidemiology of hospitalized wounds due to gunshot and fragmentation in a military hospital.
In this retrospective study, the numbers of 76 medical records of patients injured by gunshot were studied in a military hospital during a period of five years. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential methods by SPSS 21 software.
The mean age of injured persons and the mean length of their staying in the hospital was 32.3±8.5 years and 10 days, respectively. Based on our results, 80.2% of injured persons experienced gunshot to at least one of the four limbs (arms or legs). Also, 14.5% of them injured in more than one limb and 13.1% were hospitalized in more than one medical service.
The limbs are the most common affected organ in military conflicts and orthopedic surgeons have the most significant role in the treatment of these diseases.