نشریه دانش شناسی
پیاپی 37 (تابستان 1396)

The present study aims at exploring the level of entrepreneurship characteristics in qualification characteristics and job skills abilities in the academic librarians of the comprehensive branches of Islamic Azad University.
It is a combination of qualitative and quantitative method. we interviewed with 25 people from knowledgeable of psychology, management, economics and library science and in order to select qualification characteristics, it was interviewed among 32 suggested characteristics and by means of analytic measurement method with instrument of questionnaire of self-test in the test of 15 selective characteristics in librarians of academic libraries were used, then found things were collected and analyzed.
Findings: Characteristics of necessary qualification in presentation, expansion, development and control of services quality, organizational learning, and relationship with subjective experts, increase of resources collection, individual and specialized relationships with colleagues and confrontation with job challenges in librarians were in the high amount and other characteristics were in the average amount.
Librarians as effective elements in the services of news transmission in libraries need change and transformation and also customers (users and applicants) expect change on the basis of investment management with support of validity of change in the abilities of librarians job skill.

The present study was performed with the aim of evaluation of the library anxiety level of graduate students in Shiraz University.
The research population consisted of 5700 students from Shiraz University graduate students, 229 students (139 girls and 90 boys). Sampling method was stratified. To assess the level of library anxiety, Multidimensional Model of Van Kampen (2003) was used. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics, and t-test and analysis of variance.
Findings: The research findings related to the extent of students anxiety by the four level of anxiety show that much larger population of subjects have high anxiety. Also, between the library anxiety with the use of the library and the aim of using library is significant differences. But between the library anxiety and the average time of presence in the library isnt significant difference. Evaluation of the anxiety in the different colleges showed that students of economic college have the highest level of anxiety and student of Electricity College have the less anxiety.
It seems that library anxiety is a serious problem among graduate students of Shiraz University who need to use the library and information recourses.

This research aims to study different aspects and characteristics of grounded theory (GT) in accordance with a qualitative studies and information science.
The current study was conducted by using documentary research method and systematic review of the previous models and patterns. Also, an optimized framework proposed for building theory and evaluating the quality of grounded theory researches.
Findings: The results indicated that in order to build theory based upon the grounded theory in knowledge and information science, theorists should focus on “degree of conceptualization” and “theory scope”. According to this, they should first go beyond pure description; then go forward to interpretation step and redefine research problems; and finally reach the structured and evidence-based theories. Additionally theorists should focus on theory scope to get basic concepts, formal concepts and ultimately formal theories.
Grounded theory is an inductive and an exploratory methodology that provide a context for researchers in various subject fields to build theory. Researchers build their theories in a systematic way based on a real data, rather than previous theories. Grounded theory is used when our knowledge is limited in one area.

The aim of this study is investigating Iranian marine science outputs based on Science Citation Index-Expanded published by the Thomson Reuters and determination of the co-authorship Iranian marine researchers related to scientific outputs between 1992 to 2013 on three water bodies Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.
Scientometrics indicators were used. The data were extracted in plain text format from SCIE, analyzed using HistCite software and counted in MS office Excel program.
Findings: The results of this study demonstrated that 749 scientific documents were recorded in the SCI by Iranian marine researchers during 1992-2013, which are consisted of 323, 368 and 58 documents relevant to the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, respectively. The highest participation rate belonged to the documents with three or five authors, While the highest co-authorship rate (99%) in the three water bodies occurred in 2013. Our study on the three water bodies data based on Bradford’s and Lotka’s laws indicated the rejection of Lotka’s laws and confirming Bradford’s rule. Among the three water bodies during the study period, the Caspian water basin allocated the highest authors (819) and authors with highest publications (17 papers). Our findings demonstrated that Malaysian and German authors took the leading position of participation (48%) with Iranian researchers in scientific marine productions. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences allocated the highest number of Iranian marine science output in comparing with other studied journals.
The literature and co-authorship factor on the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea have grown exponentially during the sutdy period.

The study aimed to investigate the situation of Iranian medical universities’ websites based on search engine optimization criteria.
Present study is a survey with descriptive approach. The study population is 47 medical universities websites affiliated to the Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist which consisted of search engines optimization criteria (52 criteria) in two parts including On-Site optimization and off-Site optimization. The checklist was validated using experts’ viewpoints and its reliability was approved through kuder-Richardson coefficient alpha (0.74). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS 20.
Findings: Isfahan, Tehran, and Tabriz universities of medical sciences have the most accommodation with the research checklist. Jiroft, Hamedan, and Fasa universities of medical sciences have the least accommodation. According to research findings, 63.82 percent of the research community reached more than 50 percent of the criteria related to the search engine optimization in checklist.
Evaluation of studied websites indicated that whole websites are far from ideal situation. The designers have paid more attention to the technical characteristics of the design of the website, than the factors affecting on off-Site optimization that are important in attracting link.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of educational workshops in promoting library management in Islamic Azad University Region 8 including 15 branches in Tehran and around Tehran.
Survey method is used for data gathering. An organized questionnaire is used with 96% reliability through Cronbach’s alpha test. Population are 100 managers and librarians of Region 8 of Islamic Azad University.
Findings: According to the results, training courses increase job scales with average 3.26, job knowledge with 3.46, accuracy in job tasks with 3.09 and solving problems with 3.00. The data show that training courses stimulate staff for achieving to the objectives of organization with 3.20, and also improve the behavior of the staff. In the field of job promotion, the courses with average 3.11 are desired and stimulate it, but they are not led to advantage of promotion with average of 2/74.
Participation and earning needed skills, job promotion, speed, accuracy and order, respect, planning and curiosity, presenting views, obeying and accepting responsibility, are in an acceptable level and it is suggested that the courses would be held periodically.

The study aimed to evaluate the pictures of children’s reference books and analysis and compares them with standards in this field.
This study is applied. The method used in this research is quantitative content analysis type. The population consisted of 216 children and adolescents as a reference book for the first time during the study have been published, the data collection instrument was checklist that its validity was confirmed by experts.
Findings: In this research 4 factors including color, quality, place of picture and localization of them were investigated. Results showed that over 87% of books have color image and also quality of 56% of them was good. 78% of pictures have in good place and 14% of them derived from original images. Also, about criteria of overal quality of images and localization, pictures have weakness and especially about translated book there is no innovation.
The study provided a check list for evaluation of quality of children's references books based on literature review that can be useful for publishers and other authorities.

The purpose of this study was to examine the information literacy skills status of elementary teachers in Kermanshah city, third region, Iran.
The method of research was descriptive (survey) and statistical population of it included all elementary teachers of Kermanshah city, in third region. The total number of those was 4695 people. For sampling of subjects, a cluster sampling method was used. On the basis of this method, the 150 subjects were selected. For gathering of dada, "the questionnaire of information literacy" of Yazdani (2012) was used. This questionnaire has made based on the Likert scale and in the five ranks. The component of scale (questionnaire) included 5 standard competency of ACRL. The questionnaire makes up from 30 items in the form of self-report statements. For data analysis, we used descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: The skills of teachers’ information literacy of Kermanshah was not desirable. In examining of individual components of teacher's information literacy, appeared that the literacy of teachers in components of evaluation and communication of information is low; and in components of searching and organizing of information is not appropriate; and finally in component of defining of informational needs, the skills of the teachers’ information literacy is good.
There is a gap between teachers’ information literacy status quo and desirable situation.