مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 96، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1397)

According to the growing developments and improvements of cancer immunotherapies, nowadays, special attention has been paid to the immunotherapies of various types of cancers. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is one of the T-cell therapies that affects tumor cells, not the normal cells. Research conducted over the past decades suggests that CAR T-cell based therapies has revolutionized cancer therapies, and has provided precious achievements in the treatment of hematologic malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma, and solid tumors including neuroblastoma and glioblastoma. In this review article, structure, function of CAR T- cells, along with some of the antigens that are expressed on the surface of the tumor cells and the CAR T-cells targeting them are presented. Subsequently, several examples of successful therapies with the help of this technology are presented and finally, the safety of these therapies and the challenges and future perspectives are discussed.

The locus coeruleus (LC) contains large clusters of noradrenergic neurons which project widely throughout the central nervous system including hypothalamus. The LC is involved in cognitive processes, including attention, learning, memory and drug addiction. Orexin neuropeptides excite the noradrenergic LC neurons; however, its effects on inhibitory synaptic transmission to the LC neurons are unknown.
Here, we investigated the effect of orexin-A (100 nM) on sIPSCs in LC neurons. We used whole-cell patch clamp recording in rat horizontal slices containing the LC nucleus.
Our electrophysiological data indicate that orexin-A application only decreased sIPSCs frequency of LC neurons that was blocked by SB-334867, selective orexin type-1 receptors.
In this study, our findings suggest that orexin-A depresses sIPSCs frequency through orexin type-1 receptors. It can be deduced that these changes in inhibitory synaptic transmission may be elicited by prestsynaptic mechanism. These results provide in vitro evidence for a critical role of orexin signaling in LC neurons.

Backgrond: Pharmaceutical products, particularly antibiotics such pollutants are evolving due to the cumulative effects, adverse effects and drug resistance is a major concern in the control environment. The purpose of this work is to investigate the feasibility and potential of iron nanoparticles in the aqueous solution being removed antibiotics.
In this study, the performance activated persulfate with zero-valent Zinc nanoparticles in the presence of ultrasound in the analysis of antibiotics was investigated. The effect of process parameters such as pH of the solution (2.97-10.53), concentration Potassium persulfate (194.33-1200mg/l) and the zero-valent zinc (12.73-147.27mg/l) in reaction time 0-180 min using a batch chamber ultrasonic were studied. A statistical procedure was used to optimize the parameters of the RSM model. Antibiotics are measured based on COD vials and DR-5000 spectrophotometer was used.
The results showed that the initial pH of the solution is the most important influential parameters. The addition of potassium persulfate and zero valent zinc in the samples was enhanced performance. Optimum efficiency achieved in 50 mg/l concentration antibiotics, potassium persulfate 1200 mg/l, the zero- zinc 120 mg /l, pH 4.5.
The results of this study demonstrate acceptable performance persulfate activated process with zero-valent iron and zinc nanoparticles on ultrasound in the presence of antibiotic.

Bacterial resistants to beta-lactam antibiotics, are steadily expanding. Excessive consumption beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of related Staphylococcus aureus infections caused the emergence of beta-lactamase enzymes in strains. Identification and analysis of molecular characteristics of these strains can be effective to select on the appropriate antibiotic treatment.
Initially, the isolates collected from clinical samples were screened by biochemical tests. After the whole Staphylococcus aureus resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, were evaluated by used of molecular-specific primers.
Of 496 isolates obtained from different clinical samples, 147 isolates were identified as S. aureus. The highest resistance to the antibiotics had related to penicillin, Oxacillin, Cefocithin and the lowest resistance antibiotics had related to Vancomycin. From the 147 samples, 143 samples were blaZ genes that allocated to over 97 percent.
According to the results of molecular tests, in the Zahedan spread of carrier-lactamase strains is very high. This would be to treat all staphylococcal infections of beta lactam antibiotics are not used as much as possible to the access to early treatment prevented the increase in resistant strains.

: Imagery is the concept of assimilation, creating or recreating a perception experience the sensory moderator in mind. the aim of this study was to the relationship between mirror neuron action and different mental imagery speeds in the motor performance.
The research method was semi-empirical. The subjects included 30 female students of Shahid Chamran University (average age 22± 1.12) selected through a purposive sampling (No experience basketball game) method and categorized in three groups of rapid-speed, real-speed, low-speed imagery. Following the basketball dribble function in pretests, the subjects were involved in imagery for a period of four consecutive days, and were subsequently tested for the real dribble function on the middle cones in the posttests. They were also subjected electroencephalographic assessment during imagery, focusing primarily on the reaction of the mirror neurons within the process.
All of the group improved dribble function (p≤0.05). With the effect size observed a significant improvement in the groups with slow-speed and real-speed imagery compared to those receiving high-speed imagery. Additionally, higher function of the mirror neurons was observed in the groups subjected to slow-speed imagery and also there is significant relationship mirror neuron action and different mental imagery speeds on the basketball dribble function (p≤0.05).
The mirror neurons within the premotor cortex establish an essential nervous mechanism within the cognitive activity pattern which impacts the effect of imagery for the improvement of motor skills.

MAIA is designed to assess the awareness of bodily sensations without the interference of cognitive factors. The aim of current study was to adapt the original scale and to investigate its preliminary psychometric properties in Iranian students.
The type of current research was descriptive-applied and cross-sectional study. Examining the aim of study, a sample of 425 students from Tehran and Kashan Universities (44.3% male) completed a battery of questionnaires in first semester of 2014-2015. The construct, convergent and divergent validity (using Pearson correlation) and reliability (internal consistency using Chronbach Alpha) of MAIA were assessed and correlation test was applied for examining inter-item relations. The analyses were done using SPSS, sixteenth version (P Exploratory factor analysis revealed an eight-factor structure (Noticing, Not distracting, Not worrying, Healthy attention to body, Maintaining attention to body, Emotional awareness, Self-regulation, Listening to body and trusting it) with Eigen value higher than which accounted for 60% of total variance. The general pattern of factors was comparable to the original scale. Furthermore, the internal consistency of MAIA subscales was acceptable (Chronbach alpha 0.53 to 0.83). The highest level of convergent validity was seen between self-regulation and convergent measure of positive affect (r=0.32) and the highest level of divergent validity was observed between not-worrying and the divergent measure of fear of injury (r=0.41).
The results of this study confirmed the validity and reliability of MAIA in Iranian population.

Background and Pancreatic cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Considering the role of Bcl-2 family gene in apoptosis that are known to be over-expressed in most cancers, this study focused on the detection of Bcl-2 translocation t(14;18) to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) that may contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer.
Forty-nine samples of paraffin embedded tissues (extracted from 1537 slides of 105 patients in one of the major local cancer centers) were investigated for detection of Bcl-2 translocation t(14;18) by standard PCR.
The Bcl-2 t(14;18) translocation was detected in 23 of all 49 patients (46.9%), including 10 of 23 translocated patients (43%) with break points within the mbr cluster, 11 with involvement of the mcr locus (48%), and 2 in the icr locus (9%).
Detection of Bcl2 translocation in pancreatic cancer is in agreement with results from other studies, and shows this rearrangement could be considered as a new treatment strategy based on apoptosis or personalized treatment.

The relationship between manager's thinking style and their accepting change can be challenging for nurse managers in health centers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the operational nurse manager's thinking style and accepting change in educational hospitals of Isfahan University of medical sciences in 2015.
Methods and Materials: This research is quantitative and correlation study. A sample with 146 individuals of statistical population was selected from nurse managers worked in educational hospitals of Isfahan University of medical sciences. Data were collected from the research samples by using the assessment index of Sternberg thinking style and Robert Heller questionnaire for determining the acceptance rate of change. Collected data was analyzes, using SPSS 19.
Results have shown that the executive thinking style was the prominent thinking style among the nurse managers. In terms of "change acceptance", the average score was 97.8±13.25. Calculated correlation between different levels of thinking styles and change acceptance by the managers has indicated that there is a significant correlation between the levels of executive, judicial and legislative thinking styles with the change acceptance.
Discussion and According to direct relationship between the levels of executive, judicial and legislative thinking styles with the change acceptance this result can be achieved that managers with this three mentioned thinking styles have stronger thinking and are mare prepared to accept changes. This relationship is more prominent for judicial thinking style.

Improving the quality of life in heart patients is the main objective of health improvement programs. Self-management education programs, the most important ways to improve and improving health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of self-management 5 A on the quality of life of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrom.
This clinical trial, two groups that 54 elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome patients admitted patients in the cardiology ward and CCU Imam Reza Hospital in Bojnourd for available selected and The method of permutation blocks into two groups (27 patients) and control (27), respectively. The intervention group self-management programs were based 5A. The control group received routine hospital. The instrument used in this study are lipad quality of life questionnaire. in the first and two months after the study was completed in two groups. Data using SPSS 20 software and Chi-square and Wilcoxon tests were analyzed with repeated measures analysis(p= 0/78).
The findings showed that most of patients were female, married and uneducated. The mean age of patients 66/18 ± 4/68 years. The mean scores in all aspects of quality of life was higher in the intervention group after completion of the study. But statistically significant difference was not observed.
This study demonstrated the effectiveness of self-management program 5A model on quality of life of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome in the study period was not.

This study aimed to examine the student's satisfaction from interaction with the academic librarians city of Sabzevar and the factors influencing it, is conducted in 1394.
This descriptive-analytic and practical, and the survey is conducted. Data collection is Student satisfaction questionnaire to interact with librarians and librarians communication skills questionnaire. The sample size was calculated using a cochran formula 419 people, Ancient samples stratified random sampling were selected from among all the students of Sabzevar. The data was analyzed by SPSS and minitab through descriptive and inferential statistics .
Students interact with librarians are satisfied. The results also indicate that the communication skills of librarians and student satisfaction and there is a significant correlation.
Between different universities there are significant differences in their satisfaction, That satisfaction rate is higher than others in the University of Medical Sciences.
There is a significant difference between students in different grades of satisfaction so that undergraduates are less satisfied than others.
The most important factors influencing satisfaction of the students are also references, gestures, with an awareness of the presence of others, avoiding the use of certain words, active listening, eye contact, use of open questions, comments and proposals, dealing with Gay librarian with themselves, to avoid premature diagnosis, the unsatisfactory to interact, tone of voice and emotions are set

Background and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has a major role in blood cells differentiation especially in neutrophils, therefore G-CSF widely has been used in treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Different lines of evidence indicated that G-CSF is increased in inflammatory situation and has inflammatory characteristics. Unlike G-CSF, type I interferones (IFNs) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether type I IFNs can normalize the effects of G-CSF on blood factors.
forty-two mice (male, eight weeks) were divided into six groups of seven, which includes Group 1 (control) injection of distilled water, Group 2 injection 200 µg/kg b.w. G-CSF, Group 3 injection 200 µg/kg b.w. Alfa interferon (IFN-α), Group 4 injection 200 µg/kg b.w. interferon beta (IFN-β), Group 5 injection 200 µg/kg b.w. G-CSF� µg/kg b.w. IFN-α, Group 6 injection 200 µg/kg b.w. G-CSF� µg/kg b.w. IFN-β. After 28 days, blood was taken from each mouse heart and blood biochemical parameters (Glucose, Triglyceride, Cholestrol) was investigated.
surprisingly, in most cases, the G-CSF and type one IFNs alone or simultaneously reduced the levels of Glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Also the reduction of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were higher in G-CSF and INFs in compare with G-CSF alone. Our data raise the possibility that, G-CSF and INF-α/β have some similarity in signaling pathway which has to be investigated.

Bakground: The Female sexual dysfunction can be caused by a range of different factors. The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction and its association with related psychological factors.
Matrials & This is a descriptive-analytical research on 322 women in Sabzevar during 2015 year. The Sampeling was Stratified random .The instrument which has been used in research is Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). The descriptive statistics and regression was analyzed by STATA 12 Software.
Most of the Subjects were between 20 to 30 years old. (186= N (.The mean and Standard deviation of the Subjects were respectively M (29.64), SD (6.60) .The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was %40, So that the highest and lowest prevalence was in subscales of sexual desire (46/73) and dissatisfaction (8/18), respectively.The prevalence of depression, Anxiety and Stress was (48/9), (60/63) and (54/66), respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between Sexual function with variable stress with adjusted odds ratios (01/2) and confidence interval (18/3-04/1) and depression variable in different sub- groups with adjusted odds ratio higher than two.
Anxiety and depression can effect on female sexual dysfunction. Therefore in treatment of sexual dysfunction is better to pay more attention to these variables.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in patients with diabetes that its incidence in addition to the impact on the course of treatment, can be changed the prognosis. This study aimed to determine the effects of progressive muscle relaxation on depression in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods & Materials: This study was a clinical trial that conducted on 77 patients who referred to Diabetes center of Sabzevar city. The participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory and if they earned 14-28 (mild to moderate depression), included to study. Then, participants after consent, were divided Randomly into two groups of progressive muscle relaxation (n= 37) and control (n= 40).relaxationperformed 2 times a week for 20-30 minuteswithin 6 weeks, under the supervision of a researcher. Beck Depression Inventory was completed at the end of the sixth week again.In analytic measurements of this study used of statistical analysis in SPSS software (Version 16). A P value of The mean depression score after intervention in relaxation group compared to control group was ranged from 20.91±4.20 to 11.29±2.85 and from 20.60±4.21 to 19.99±3.61, respectively.According to independent t-test, there was significant differencebetween case and control groups (PProgressive Muscle Relaxation is effective way to reduce depression in patients with diabetes type 2.

Parkinson is a chronic, degenerative and destructive disease of the nervous system that is caused by the destruction of dopaminergic neurons that reside in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. It often happens in the ages of between 50 and 60 and one of its characteristics is the lack of balance. The goal by this present research was to study the effect of balance training in water on the patients with PD.
The present semi-experimental study used a pretest-posttest control group design. The study population included patients referred to the Hospital of Alzahra. 36 men patients with Parkinson that were non-randomly selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=16) groups. The experimental group in addition to medication, performed activity in water 3 times/ week, 60 minutes for 12 weeks whereas control subjects were treated only by medication and routine activities performed. Before intervention and three months after the intervention, the patient's balance was assessed by BBS. Data using ANCOVA (P In comparison with the control group, the intervention group balance scores after 12 weeks of balance training in the water were greatly improved(49/1 to 53/70).
Findings showed that balance training in water can be used as useful and effective method to improve balance and in turn daily functioning of PD patients. According to the severity of disease in patients participating in this study (I-III), the results can be extended only to this group of patients.

According to recent statistics, the teenagers form 28.1% of the population in our country. Also, 15% of children under 5 year suffer from stunting, and 9% had moderate to severe underweight moderate and severe based on weight and age. By considering the importance of nutrition in adolescence, as well as the role of health education in providing effective training to create the proper nutritional habits, researcher aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention on the nutritional behavior of female students of secondary school in Chabahar city.
This is a quasi-experimental research conducted on two groups of 90 female students, selected randomly from two middle schools of Chabahar. Iran in 2012 – 2013. The samples were divided into two groups randomly, as control group and test group (n= 45). Data collection instruments was FFQ questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed at two stages (before, and 3 months later after educational intervention) by the students. Following the pre-test, the educational intervention has been conducted in 4 sessions in a 10-day period of time. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 and appropriate statistical tests.
There was not significant difference between the two groups before intervention, concerning their average scores of the main variables of the study (P>0.05). There appeared meaningful differences between the two groups after intervention concerning the average scores of facilitating behaviors (P Based on the results of this research educational intervention has positively effects on the student's nutrition pattern.

Administration of medications is an important part of treatment and care provided by nurses. Medication errors in nursing profession is one of the most common health care mistakes.One of the factors in the incidence of medication errors, job stress, so stress management and efficient use of preventive methods necessary to appear. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a Stress Inoculation training on the medication error of nurses.
The present research is, a field trial controlled study.The population included 100 nurses in medical, surgical and pediatric hospitals constitute Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Nurses are selected using quota sampling permutation blocks were divided into two groups.The intervention group, stress inoculation training (workshop 2 days 8 hours a week) was conducted.The data collecting by a researcher-made forms of occupational demographic information and registration forms medication errors,during the two stage, one months before and one and a half months after the intervention was completed by both groups. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS-11/5 and SAS 9.1 statistical software using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Fisher, T test and generalized estimation equations.
The mean and standard deviation of medication errors in the intervention group before stress inoculation training 5/65 ± 2/30 and a half months was 2/68 ± 1/57. Analysis of data between the mean medication errors samples before and after the intervention groups showed significant differences (PStress inoculation training can reduce the incidence of medication errors.

among the different type of antibiotics, the tetracycline occupied the 2end level of the more prevalence types in produce and use aspect worldwide and their existence in domestic wastewater will pollute our water resources. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of US/UV/H2O2 processes when reduction of tetracycline antibiotic from an aqueous environment was objected.
Material and the current experimental study use the ultrasonic bath simultaneously with ultraviolet wave and hydrogen peroxide. To detect the effect of variables include contact time(5-60 min), the antibiotic concentration (5-25 mg/l), pH(3-10), hydrogen peroxide concentration (5-20 mg/l) and the input power (90- 300 W) of instrument in process, the reactor has been sampled in different intervals and the residue concentration to be used to detect with spectrophotometer instrument in 261 nm length wave.
the result have been showed that the separately use of UV and US will not take a high performance with the best removal percent of 16% and 32%. Simultaneously use of US/UV/H2O2 cached a more highly reduction in tetracycline concentration and the best reduction was 83 % removal that took place in pH= 4.5, antibiotic concentration of 10 mg/I, input power of 240 W, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 20 mg/l, time equal with 50 min.
the result have been showed that the US/UV/H2O2 process can be used as a performance process to remove the tetracycline antibiotic from an aqueous environment.

Teucrium polium is a medicinal plant which species have been used for over 2000 years in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium on Candida glabrata colonization in mice tissue.
Material and The study was performed on 90 mature male mices (9 per group), that were devided into 10 groups: normal, placebo, 3 treatment group (candida- extract), control positive (Candida glabrata) and control negative (extract). Treatment groups were received 50,100 and 200 mg/kg dosages of extract for 20 days (every other day) by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of injections, homogenized liver, spleen and kidney were cultured on SDA medium and then colony count were performed.
The results showed, that liver in 100 mg/kg, spleen and kidney in 200mg/kg haven’t any yeast.
Discussion and According to the results, Teucrium polium extract, perhaps can stimulat the immunity against Candida glabrata.

Traffic accidents are the second leading cause of death in the world and the second cause of death in developing regions. In city after cardiovascular diseases as a model country in second place is death. The purpose of this study are important factors in accidents within the city.
This study is longitudinal. All the injured were hospitalized population (550 patients) in Shahid Beheshti Hospital due to traffic accidents in the city of Sabzevar, dated 15/03/89 till 15/03/90 was a self-made questionnaire was used. To valid questionnaires from experts Center for Disease Control and traffic control center experts and its reliability was 7/96. A descriptive study analyzed data and the results were presented in tables and charts.
87% of men with the highest frequency of their gender. More age group 20 to 40 years with a 40% share belongs. Most of the victims of the drivers (60%) was formed. Most vehicle crashes Tasyrgzaz with 4/73% motorcycle. 8/84% of vehicle occupants were not using seat belts and 5/92% of drivers not wearing two-wheeled vehicles. 1.27% of vehicles checked were speeding in the city. 6/40% of the drivers in an accident, did not observe traffic rules and the highest percentage of accidents during the hours of 7 am to 12 am occurred
In order to reduce traffic accidents, among children and youth culture in the long term and plan to deal with accidental violations, including speeding, non-use of safety belts and helmets are recommended.