فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 93، پاییز 1397)

Skin cancer is the common, but most preventable forms of cancer, in recent decades. The most important key strategies in the prevention of this disease are health education interventions in society. The aim of this systematic review was to review the studies that have used educational interventions to increase skin cancer preventive behaviors, based on methods, application of models, and theories of health education and health promotion.
Database of Iranian Medical Sciences articles, including Scientific Information Database (SID), and Iran Medex, and also 4 foreign electronic database of articles (Cochrane, Pubmed, Biomed Central and science direct) were studied in a systematic way. The database's search was conducted from February 2016 to May 2016.
Of 12 retrieved articles, 10 studies were conducted based on theories and models of health education, and 2 studies did not use theories and models of health education. Among these theories, the social cognitive theory had most application and performance in improving the studied. Impact of interventions includes the whole range of improvements in structures such as variables and skin cancer preventive behaviors.
According to the results, the interventions based on theories and models of health education and promotion play an important role in promoting skin cancer preventive behaviors

This paper compared the QSAR modeling of anti-cancer activity of compounds 1,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,8-naphthyridines and its derivatives using stepwise multiple linear regression (S-MLR) and combined genetic algorithm-multiple linear regression methods (GA-MLR(.
A set of 100 compounds with certain anticancer activity were selected from literature. All molecules were “cleaned up” and the Allinger’s MM2 force field was used for energy minimization, the semi-empirical quantum method Austin method 1 (AM1) was used for geometry optimization using the Polak-Ribiere algorithm. A large number of theoretical descriptors for each molecule were calculated using Dragon software. In order to select the best set of descriptors for QSAR modeling, GA-MLR and Stepwise-MLR as two variable selection methods were used. First the random sampling of the training sets (80% of data) were randomly taken 20 times, and the remaining molecules (20 percent of the data) were used as prediction set for external validation. Among the random samples, one of the samples with high Q2CV, Q2cal, Q2test was selected as the best train and test set. Using this train set, QSAR modeling performed using GA-MLR and Stepwise-MLR methods.
QSAR models by GA-MLR modeling had larger validated squared correlation coefficient than the obtained models by S-MLR.
According to the results, it could be concluded that the activity of similar compounds will be predictable by the obtained model

To restore the lost cells of patients diagnosed with Muscular Degenerative diseases, stem cell therapy has recently proved to be an effective strategy. Chorion is an ethically approved reservoir which contains mesenchymal stem cells with self- renewal properties and multilineage differentiation capacity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the myogenic differentiation potential of human chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (C-MSCs) for the first time.
Chorion was digested by using 0.3% Collagenase type II. Cells were characterized by using flowcytometry and differentiated into osteoblast and adipoblast lineages. To induce myogenic differentiation, C-MSCs were cultured in DMEM/F12 and 2% FBS supplemented with 10μM of 5-azacytidine overnight. Afterwards, the medium was replaced with DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10% FBS for two weeks. Real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of myogenic markers.
The expression of CD90, CD73 and CD44 antigen and their ability to differentiation into osteoblast and adipoblast lineages were confirmed. Although the expression of CTNT and MYH6 reduced second week, Real-time PCR results revealed significant upregulation of Desmin, MYH6 and Cardiac TroponinT at the end of the first week (P The results showed that C-MSCs were potent to differentiate into myoblast- like cells

It is a continuing effort to develop new anticancer drugs. It has been reported that albendazole has antiproliferative effects on several tumor cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the killing effect of albendazole on HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells.
Cultured HT-29 cells were treated with albendazole in 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml concentrations for 1, 3 and 5 days. Cellular viability and proliferation were evaluated by MTT and Trypan blue assays at determined days after treatment.
The comparison of cells count and viability in control group and treated groups with albendazole at different concentrations showed significant differences in days 1, 3 and 5.
Albendazole can suppress HT-29 cells proliferation and induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner

Despite the improvements in hospital care and the introduction of a wide range of antimicrobial agents, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is also a common cause of infection in patients hospitalized in different wards of the hospital. Due to the rising resistance of this bacterium to antibacterial drugs, the importance of its resistance is increased. The enzyme β-lactamase AMP-C is a type of cephalosporinase coded on the chromosome of the bacterium. In many bacteria, induction of AMP-C enzymes can occur at high levels by many mutations. In this paper, the detection of AMP-C gene was reported in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
80 Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, verified by gram stain and biochemical tests, were isolated from wound samples collected from patients with burning at burning hospital in Tehran. For identifying antibiotic resistance, in vitro susceptibility of 80 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to 15 antimicrobial agents, includimg colistin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, cefalotin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, doxycyclin, ampicillin, trimethoprim, ceftazidime, gentamicin, cefotaxime, piperacilin and imipenem was performed by Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2016) guideline. PCR method was used to identify AMP-C gene in 80 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains showed the highest resistance to cephalotin (100%), doxycycline (100%), cefixime (100%), amoxicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), amikacin (100%) and teri-methaprime (100%). Highest sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was observed to colistin (67.5%), gentamicin (32.5%), piperacillin (30%), ciprofloxacin (28.7%), imipenem (18.7%), ceftazidime (13.7%), ceftriaxone (11.2%) and cefotaxime (10%). AMP-C gene was detected in 5% of isolates.
According to the results of this study, in many Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, the presence of all resistance genes in an isolate was not observed. Therefore, it can be hoped that β-lactamase enzymes are not coded in most isolates

Streptokinase, the most well-known fibrinolytic drug, has long been used in the treatment of myocardial infarction. This enzyme is produced from beta-hemolytic bacteria. In this study, the Streptokinase enzyme was extracted from Streptococcus agalactia strain with ATCC12386, isolated from the throat.
After cultivating the bacteria in the Blood agar medium and evaluating their aggressive activity, the bacteria were transferred to the BHI broth medium and after incubation at 37 ° C for 24 hours, centrifuge was carried out at 4 ° C for 10000 g for 30 minutes. The contents of the tubes were separated by 0.45 micron acetate cellulose filter and the filters were considered as crude enzymes until fibrinolysis activity and non-toxicity test were performed.
Among the extracted enzymes, the enzymes of the shamrock 2, 6, 10, 13, 14, 29 and 27 had fibrinolytic activity higher than 30% and extraction enzyme from the standard bacteria had less fibrinolysis activity. The toxicity of the extracellular enzyme was lower than that of other samples in 24 hours and 48 hours.
Extracting enzymes have a fibrinolysis effect, and this effect is higher in the bacteria isolated from the throat than the standard bacteria. The toxicity of the enzymes varies with time and concentration. It decreases with decreasing toxicity and increases with increasing time. And it can be described as a new, low-risk, and natural remedy for the elimination of blood clot sound

Diabetes induces systemic disorders through changes in plasma lipid levels and increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the effects of aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale on the serum levels of lipids was investigated in rats following the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin.
In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats were divided in 6 groups of seven as follow: the control, diabetic sham and 4 experimental groups. Diabetic sham received 70 mg/kg streptozotocin once at the beginning of the experiment; the experimental groups 1 and 2 daily received 250 and 500 mg/kg Zingiber aqueous extract respectively; the experimental groups 3 and 4 first received streptozotocin once, and then a daily dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg extract. Oral administration of aqueous extract continued over a period of two months. Then, blood samples were prepared, and used for measurement of serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
Serum concentration of triglyceride and LDL cholesterol in the diabetic sham compared to the control group showed a significant increase (p Due to its antioxidant properties, aqueous extract of Zingiber can reduce streptozotocin toxicity leading to an improvement in serum lipid profiles of diabetic patients

Diabetes is the most prevalent medical disorder in pregnancy. A few studies found that 25- OH-D plasma levels was associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Considering the uncertainty of opinion in this field, we decided to study the serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in the GDM and non GDM pregnant women referred to Azad University Hospitals in Tehran between 2016 and 2017.
In this case-control study, 96 pregnant women, including 48 with GDM and 48 normoglycemic subjects, referred to Azad University Hospitals in Tehran between 2016 and 2017 were studied. 25-OH-D levels in patients and control groups were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS (ver.22) using independent t- test, Chi- square test and Pearson correlation test.
96 pregnant women with mean age of 30.07± 5.67 years were studied. There was no significant difference in the number of gravida, para, BMI and mean age between two groups. Mean FBS, and results of 1- hour, 2-hour and 3-hour GT were significantly different between two groups. Mean serum levels of vitamin D was not significantly different between GDM (21.41 nmol/l) and non- GDN (18.21 nmol/l) groups.
Among with GDM and non GDM pregnant women in second-trimester, there was no significant difference in serum vitamin D levels

Genital Wart is a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease that affects both male and female. The cause of this disease is a virus called human papillomavirus. This research was conducted with the goal of sociological explanation of the outbreak of genital warts in the patients under treatment in Javaheri and Bouali Hospitals in Tehran.
In this study, patients with genital warts who had referred to one of three specialists (dermatologist, urologist or gynecologist), were randomly selected without any alternative from each hospital. Then, through the judiciary, the samples were selected and 75 patients completed the questionnaires.
64% of respondents were men and 36% were women. Mean age of respondents was 18.75 years. Variables of "cultural capital criteria", "cultural capital incarnated", "special social capital", "social pressure," "social learning," and "social control" had a direct and positive correlation with the dependent variable of "wart's genital disease",There is also no connection between the variables of "objective cultural capital","social capital" and "economic capital" with this phenomenon.
By increasing the level of sexual awareness, we can prevent the outbreak of genital warts

Hospital services need a targeted system for planning, improving and evaluating the quality of the services provided according to their complexity. Accreditation is a systematic assessment of healthcare centers with specific standards that emphasizes on continuous improvement of quality, being patient-centered and improving the safety of patient and staff. The current study was done to investigate the challenges of establishing the 3th edition of Iranian national accreditation standards in the hospitals affiliated to Islamic Azad University.
In this descriptive-applied study, 239 employees (37 directors, 143 nursing staff and 59 physicians) participated in the study from two educational, research and therapeutic hospitals of Bu-Ali and Amir al-momenin. Nursing staff and physicians were selected by simple random sampling and managers by census method. The measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which designed by the Likert [completely agree (5) to completely opposed (1)] scoring system. The data were analyzed using ANOVA by SPSS. ver20 statistical software.
The most challenges of accreditation implementation from the viewpoint of participants were lack of personnel (87.87%), high number of standards and measures (81.17%), encountering the hospital's medical staff with heavy shift work (79.92%), the lack of budget (75.73%), and non-participation of physicians (62.76%).
The results showed that the greatest challenge in implementing accreditation standards from the manager's and physician's viewpoint was the lack of personnel and from the nursing staff's viewpoint was encountering the hospital's medical staff with heavy shift work