نشریه جغرافیا و مطالعات محیطی
پیاپی 29 (بهار 1398)

The pathway is the epitome of the civil life of the city and the place of occurrence of events and social activities of citizens in urban life. Proper design and expansion not only make the social life richer, but also, taking into account the complexities and problems of urban transportation in contemporary cities, is a step towards solving traffic problems and moving cities to human-centered transportation leads to. Accordingly, this paper evaluates the disadvantages of Taleghani street in Ahvaz city. This research tries to answer the question using descriptive-analytical and survey method which one of the indicators of physical disability (physical, functional and functional) in order to increase the quality of Taleghani street pedestrian has a higher priority. In this regard, based on FAHP Model (Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy) and using pedestrian comments, each of the indicators and indicators that have been effective in improving the quality of Taleghani pedestrians has been evaluated. The results show that the physical index with the score of 0.570 has the highest share in implementation and the next rank is the perceptual index with the score of 289.0 and finally the functional index with the lowest score of 141. Using the results of our analysis and analysis, we conclude that physical indices are of higher importance than other indicators.

The formation and expansion of the concept of quality of life over the past half century, has become a key concept in global and human issues. Besides of this concept, quantitative and qualitative expansion of cities as the dominant form of human life has caused the emergence of a new concept “quality of urban life”. Simultaneously the emergence of the term “social capital“as the most important capital of a society to achieve sustainable and synergic development and success of variety of plans and projects has attained increasing importance. Undoubtedly the success of urban plans and projects especially in neighborhood scale directly depends on social capital and citizen participation. Since the social capital is the fundamental factor in any development plans and programs, to achieve the high quality of life in urban neighborhoods as a type of plan it is essential to take advantage of social capital capacities such as trust, participation, social relations network and cohesion. Otherwise the urban plans and projects won’t be able to reach to their final goal that is social sustainability and citizen’s satisfaction. This article is descriptive and comparative survey that examines the quality of urban life in the one hand, and its relationship with a social capital in the other hand. To evaluate the quaof the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha, for the review of the subjective and objective quality of life the factor Key words: Social capital, Quality of life, Haftchenar neighborhood, Tehran.

The research in Birjand suggests that about 50% of the city is considered to be deteriorated or marginalized. The present study, using a descriptive and analytical method and using Swat technique, evaluated the deteriorated textures of Birjand and evaluated the possibility of utilizing strategic planning. The results showed that, score of 0.440 and against the most significant threat to the future "the lack of attention to the renovation of the texture according to the program Strategic Planning »with a score of 0.019. As a result, the scores of the strengths are 2.64 and the weaknesses are 0.42 and the opportunities are 2.63 and the threats are 0.47. Accordingly, the score of the strengths and strengths was 3.6, and the opportunities and threats were estimated at 3.1. By taking the coefficients and scores obtained on the Swat chart, it is clear that the best strategy for restoring and organizing the deteriorated textures of Birjand city is considering strategies of strategic management, aggressive strategies that recommend growth strategies. In connection with the organization and revitalization of the study area, it is necessary to implement strategic management mechanisms for the organization of empty spaces and the optimal use of space and opening of traffic nodes as well as solving health and cleaning problems of the texture, take action.

Rural-urban linkages can be defined as the structural economic, social and environmental relationships maintained between individuals and groups in rural and urban environment. This linkage indirectly affected the economic, social and environmental indexes. This research is an applied study which is carried out using a descriptive analytical research method. The statistical population of this study was composed of all the villages with the population of more than 500 people in the South Sarroud Districts, Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County. In this research, the required information was extracted from data collected using the experts’ opinions and utilized by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology that it is one of the strengths method that used of pairwise comparisons to drive accurate ratio scale priorities. The purpose of this research is to carefully analysis of urban-rural interaction, the case of South Sarroud Districts and Yasouj City. So that government planners and managers can apply this research results for developmental measures. Based on the results, consumption instruction and procurement has the highest and cooperation at the ceremony and religious activity has the lowest degree of effectiveness in the urban-rural interaction. Also, according to the results, the environmental index has been influenced less than urban-rural interactions relative to the socio-economic index summarizes the Results obtained from the AHP model, showed that in terms of socio-economic indicators in the Sarabtaveh village has the highest effectiveness of the urban-rural interaction. While in terms of the environmental index of the Talkhosrow has the most effectiveness.

Due to the rapid development of cities and the scarcity of urban land in recent years, the urban planners have always been looking for a solution that, in addition to preserving agricultural land in suburbs, would regulate urban spatial distribution so that all urban dwellers can take advantage of urban services. Smart urban growth is one of the most important strategies for the interior development, which has attracted the attention. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to spatially analyze the indices of smart urban growth in Ilam City. The research method is analytical-descriptive and the data is gathered by field study and library method. According to AutoCAD maps, detailed urban plan of all four districts of Ilam City are determined and 35 indices of smart urban growth are evaluated. To analyze the data, ANP network analysis is integrated with GIS maps. The results show that the development of the city of Ilam in the 1950s with an area of about 102 hectares reached an area of 2,460 hectares in the 2010s. This development is uneven, heterogeneous, dispersed, and without regard to the spatial distribution of urban utilities. The spatial distribution of smart urban growth indicators is not the same in the city, and district 1 of the urban area with a score of .144 is more consistent with smart urban growth indicators. According to the experts, the physical index has played the most important role in explaining the smart urban growth of the city of Ilam

Earthquake as one of the most significant environmental hazards of the earth, threatens most regions of Iran. in recent years the importance of earthquake hazards in the country has increased due to the rapid expansion of cities and the population and capital concentration. Zarin Shahr City as the center of Lenjan city in Isfahan province has a high risk of seismic hazard, in terms of population, socioeconomic infrastructure, and on the other hand, due to the presence of several active faults in and around of it. Accordingly, studies on seismic risk analysis of this city and recognizing high risk areas are one of the requirements of urban management. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use a probabilistic method for analyzing and zoning the earthquake hazard in Zarrin Shahr city by using the Crisis model. The research method was descriptive-analytical and it has been analyzed by using library studies (documents, geological and topographic maps, digital elevation model, seismic data catalog, genealogy images). The results of this study show that more than 17,000 hectares of urban land are in high-risk areas and therefore, considering to the fifteen thousand of population which are inhabitants in this area, attention to the design and implementation of resistant structures to seismic hazard and also the strengthening of the worse parts will significantly help to reduce the possible damage which is caused by the earthquake.

Governance in fact, is a process based on mutual interaction on one hand between organizations and official bodies of a city, and on the other hand between NGOs and civil society organizations. The optimal city governance system is based on seven key principles: "Participation, Legitimacy, Accountability, Socialization, Effectiveness, Transparency, and Justice". In this research, prioritization of good urban governance indicators from citizens' points of view of Bistoun city has been investigated. This survey that has been conducted is a type of survey research method based on a descriptive-analytical approach with the purpose of applying regulation through field information and using the researcher-made questionnaire tool. Statistical population of the study consisted all citizens of Bisotun city. 365 people were specified by using sample size determination method via Cochran formula and Questionnaires through systematic sampling were distributed among the statistical sample. After data collection, data analysis by using statistical softwares: Spss and Excel and variables estimation by the Likert scale were performed. Friedman test and One-Sample T-Test were used to rank the indices. The results of the research showed that among the seven variables in terms of importance, the first-rank goes for transparency index, the second for justice, the third for accountability, the fourth for participation, the fifth for consensus, the sixth for effectiveness and efficiency, and the seventh for law.Also, based on One-Sample T-Test, respondents assessed the good governance level in Bisotun less than the average Likert scale.

Gender equality is of paramount importance as one of the issues related to socio-economic development. Gender inequalities Has a negative effect on human development and human resource quality improvement. The present study aims to analyze the status of women in comparison with men in different regions of the country based on comparison of census statistics in 2011 and 1394. This research was carried out using Arc / Gis software and using descriptive-analytical method. Despite having a share of women's economic activities in villages than men, the share of men is still more than women. In the third region (including the provinces of East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, Ardebil, Zanjan, Gilan and Kurdistan), women with a weighted income are not all participants in economic activities, but they tended to move independently. The findings show further improvements in the economic, social and cultural spheres. However, the position of women in terms of these indicators did not change much.