نشریه مدیریت منابع انسانی در ورزش
سال ششم شماره 2 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

This work aimed to investigate the role and importance of human resources in securing football stadiums.

This study was applied in terms of its purpose, and the quantitative and quantitative approaches were used to collect data and achieve goals. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve experts that were selected purposefully. In this phase, a 17-item questionnaire was developed that was answered by 144 randomly selected participants (including police officers, soccer experts, organizers, and stadium managers) in the quantitative phase. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the quantitative data and test the research hypothesis.

The results obtained showed that human resources (security and non-security forces) are one of the main factors affecting the security of the stadiums. Training personnel (t = 13.45, P  0.05) and credentialing (t = 10.78, P  0.05) them, respectively, with 0.90 and 0.78 loading, are two sub-factors for human resources that affect enhancement of a stadium security (P  0.05).

Human resources involved in holding football matches should understand their role and responsibility in securing stadiums during match day operations. Also trained and accredited human resources could ensure a safe and secure environment for the spectators, athletes, and officials in stadiums.

The purpose of this work was to explain the effect of human resource competence on the organizational effectiveness considering the role of mediator of organizational innovation.

The research method used in this work was descriptive-survey, and in terms of the applied purpose. The statistical population of all employees of the sports and youth departments in the western provinces of Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Ilam, and Lorestan was 440 people. The statistical sample was determined on a Morgan table (200 people), randomly clustered. In order to measure the variables of the work, the meritocracy questionnaire (Moslehi, 2012), organizational innovation (Sarmad et al., 2011), and organizational effectiveness (Hui et al., 2009) were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed using the comments made by nine management professors and sports specialist. The reliability of the instruments was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (worthy of 0.932, innovation 0.85, and effectiveness of 0.927). For data analysis, the confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were used.

According to the findings of the work, meritocracy had the highest impact with a coefficient of 0.85 on innovation. Thus, it was 0.73 effective. Innovation also had an impact of 0.24 on effectiveness. Also, meritocracy was indirectly influenced by effectiveness through innovation.

Based upon the research findings, increasing the negotiation and participation of employees in decision-making, empowerment based on employee competencies, and creating a space based on the trust of managers and staff can be effective in organizational effectiveness.

The purpose of this work was to determine the factors affecting the formation of human wealth in sport tourism of Iran.

The present research work is a descriptive-analytical one, which was done on the field. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the knowledgeable and well-informed people in the field of sport tourism including some university professors and sports tourism managers as well as some directors and people who were active in the field of sport tourism. Using a snowball sampling method to reach the theoretical saturation in order to introduce the knowledgeable people into the field of sport tourism, 57 people were identified as the sample of the study. The research instrument consisted of two researcher-made questionnaires for categorizing the components and structuring the identified components. For analyzing the data of the present study, the exploratory factor analysis and interpretive structural modeling were used.

The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that in total, 6 factors (cultural, legal, infrastructural, financial, individual, and environment-spatial factors) contained a total of 78.51% of the total variance of questions. The results also showed that the individual factors and environmental factors were the key independent factors that affected the other factors.

The results of this study shows that the development of human resources requires the development of individual factors and environmental factors, and the formation of human wealth is due to the development of individual factors and environmental factors.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of the strategic human resource management practices on the organizational performance with the role of mediator of organizational innovation among the experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth.

This research work was purposeful, and in terms of collecting data, a descriptive research component and a correlation research project of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. 218 people were selected by the simple random sampling method. The data was collected from three questionnaires including Chen and Hang Strategic Management Strategies (2009), Ahmadi's organizational performance (1392), and organizational innovation of Shoham et al. (2012). The validity of the questions was confirmed by the opinions of the sports management professors and confirmatory factor analysis. In order to test the model and research hypothesis, the structural equation method was used using the Lisrel software.

The results obtained from this research work showed that strategic human resource management practices on organizational performance with coefficient (0.44), strategic human resource management practices on organizational innovation with coefficient (0.77), and organizational innovation with the coefficient (0.58) had significant effects on the organizational performance. The results of the structural equations were also confirmed by the mediating role of the organizational innovation variable in the research community.

In order to be able to improve the organizational performance, it is necessary to pay attention to the strategic management of human resources and its components and to utilize them to empower human resources and encourage creativity and innovation in the organization in order to be able to withstand rapid changes. The rapid advances in science and technology, and the phenomenon of globalization, will eventually succeed.

The purpose of this work was to analyze and prioritize the factors affecting ticketing of the Iran’s premier football league.

The research method used was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included all spectators over 18 years old in the premier league in the 2015/16 season. A sample size based on factor analysis, 2 to 10-fold of the items, was selected. The data was collected through a made questionnaire, whose face and content validity were confirmed by the panel experts. In order to calculate reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was used and the Freidman test was used to prioritize the ticketing factors.

In view of spectators, facilities, attractiveness, economic, managerial, marketing, planning, technology, and cultural-social factors placed on the first priority was to eighth, respectively.

By identification of the priorities of the ticketing factors in spectators viewing, the sporting managers can handle and pay more attention to the most important of these factors in order to improve ticket sales and increase revenue of clubs

The emigration of sport elites and professionals as a social phenomenon has a detrimental effect on the process of sport development. The purpose of this work was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the emigration of elite athletes in Iran.

This study was a mix-method research work that was executed in the qualitative and quantitative steps. In the first step, the data was collected through 8 semi-structured interviews (with athletes immigrating or intending to immigrate) as well as analysis of the documents and literature; the result of this step was a list of athletes’ emigration reasons including the four categories of economic, political, social, and professional factors. In the next step, in order to determine the importance and priority of each factor, a questionnaire was developed based on the BWM multi-criteria decision-making method and distributed among 10 national athletes that were selected by a judgment sampling.

Analysis of the data showed that the economic factors such as "access better job opportunities" and "difference in welfare status between the country of origin and destination" are the most important reasons for the migration of athletes. The professional factors such as “access to facilities and coaches” and “the lack of planning in federations”; the political factors such as “the inefficiency of the management system in macro-level” and “the influence of political orientations on sport”; and the social factors such as “the social status of athletes” and “the tendency toward modern life” were in the next priorities.

The main part of the economic, political, and social problems affecting the immigration athletes’ decision is related to the macro-level; however, at the mid-level, the sports managers can improve the professional conditions for athletes’ motivation to stay in the country. This can be done with developing the organized leagues, designing, and implementing plans to develop basic levels, providing the facilities, recruiting experienced internal and external coaches, and employing capable athletes and coaches in operating the plans

The purpose of this work was to analyze the social and organizational consequences of the inappropriate use of specialized staff in sports teams in the province of Isfahan.

The research method used in this work was a descriptive analytic one, which was implemented in the field method and in terms of the purpose of the application. The statistical population of the research work consisted of all employees of the sport and youth departments of the Isfahan Province, which included 55 offices and 829 people. In order to determine the statistical sample, 267 people were selected by stratified random sampling using the Krejcie & Morgan table. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. The formal validity and content of the study were confirmed by a survey of professors and experts (10 people), while carefully examining the literature.
In addition, the other internal consistency indicators such as Composite reliability (CR), Average variance extracted (AVE), Maximum shared variance (MSV), and Average shared variance (ASV) were reviewed and confirmed. The descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and second-order confirmatory factor analysis) were used to analyze the data.

The findings of this research work showed that the most important consequences of the inappropriate use of specialists were job dissatisfaction with (0.92) factor load, job burnout (0.90), non- job commitment (0.87), lack of job motivation (0.84), ineffective conflict (0.81), attention to individual interests (0.78), and organizational silence with factor load (0.64).

The results of this study indicated that the inappropriate use of experts in sports teams would have negative social and organizational implications that could cause personal injury in addition to harming the organization

This work was conducted to investigate the mediator role of organizational health in the relationship between the professional ethics and organizational virtue of the employees of the sports and youth departments of the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province.

In terms of purpose, this research work was an applied one. In terms of collecting information, it was a field and correlation one. The statistical population of the work included all the employees of sport and youth service departments of the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (161 people). The statistical sample was selected as the total number, and was equal to the statistical population. The research instrument included the organizational health questionnaire (Hui et al., 1996), professional ethics (Kirsten et al., 2011), and organizational virtue (Cameron et al., 2004). The validity and reliability of the research instrument were confirmed. The descriptive statistics and structural equation modelings were used to analyze the data.

The results of the structural equations showed that the professional ethics and organizational health predicted 65.5% and 54.6% of the organizational virtue variance, respectively. It was also shown that the indirect effect of professional ethics on organizational virtue was 36.9%, which was determined by the organizational health mediator variable. The fitting indices of the overall research model confirmed the desirable fitness of this model.

According to the outcomes of this research work, the organization planning can be applied to improve the professional ethics using the organizational health indicators that affect the organizational virtue. As a result, the organization virtue will be achieved based on the principals of professional ethics at the individual and organizational levels

The aim of this work was to develop a strategic plan for the girls high school student exercise in the Golestan Province.

The present study is a descriptive-methodically one and is a strategic study in an applied research work. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the deputy managers and experts related to the physical education division of education directorate of the Golestan Province, the heads of education departments of cities, and the physical education experts of the cities, among whom 50 subjects were selected as the censues, which was determined based on five to ten times the number of questions of the developed strategic plan. The questionnaire was designed based on a researcher-made survey and using qualification based on the statistical methods. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, the face, content, and construct validity were assessed. In the construct validity, the explanatory factor analysis, and in the content validity evaluation, CVR and CVI were calculated.

Using the Friedman's table, all questions were prioritized in the internal factor evaluation matrix in the order of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The girls in the secondary course of the secondary schools were generally more powerful than the weakness in terms of the internal factors. On the other hand, evaluation of the external factors of student sport was used by the external factors’ matrix. Thus, sport students generally have more opportunities than threats in terms of the external factors. Finally, twelve strategies were extracted and split into operational programs. The exercise of the girls of secondary course of the secondary schools in the Golestan Province was placed at the SO region.

As the results of the strategic plan for the province regarding the prioritization of sports, the strategies should be focused more on the development and expansion of activities in this strategic area. Based upon the information obtained and analyzed can help the provincial officials and managers to resolve the weaknesses, and use the strengths to maximize the opportunities based on the SO strategies

The purpose of the present research work was to investigate the relationship between the workplace discrimination and the quality of work life of the Physical Education teachers in the Golestan Province.

The population of the present study consisted of all the Physical Education teachers in the Golestan Province (N = 650 persons); according to the Cochran formula, 242 persons were selected as the sample size by the cluster sampling method. In order to collect the research data, the Pascoe and Richman (2009) workplace discrimination questionnaire and the Walton (1973) quality of work life questionnaire were used. Also, the descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used for data analysis.

The results obtained showed that there was a negative and significant correlation between three dimensions of workplace discrimination and quality of work life. In the regression analysis, the results showed that discrimination by management (β = -0.135) and discrimination by organization (β = -0.227) had the ability to predict the Physical Education teachers’ quality of work life.

According to the research work results obtained, it can be concluded that discrimination in the workplace can play an important role in reducing the quality of working life of the Physical Education teachers

The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the performance dimensions based on balanced scorecard in the Guilan General Administration of Sport and Youth.

This was a descriptive-relationship study and was conducted in the field. The managers and experts in the Guilan Providence and Sport Adolescents Organ (80 cases) participated in this study. The samples were randomly selected. A researcher–made questionnaire was used to collect data and content validity obtained by the qualified experts (n = 12). The reliability was confirmed using the Croronbach's alpha test (0.89). In this study, the PLS software was used to analyze the data.

The performance evaluation model of the Guilan Providence and Sport Adolescents Organ composed of 4, 12, and 55 indices. There were significant relationships among growth and learning, customer and sports results, internal processes, and financial dimensions. The highest correlation was found between the growth dimensions, learning, and internal processes, and then it was between the customer and financial aspects and sports results, respectively (0.80, 0.76).

The results obtained showed that there was a cause and effect relationship between assessing the performance of Providence and Sport Adolescents Organ, and their relationships were high. Also due to improvement in the financial indicators of the performance, indicators will be in the demission customer and sports results. As a result, the managers have the 4th dimension's balanced scorecard in the organizational performance management approach to consider the cause and effect.

The purpose of this work was to develop a code of ethics for sport coaches of sports boards in the Markazi Province.

The research method was a descriptive-survey one, and in terms of the applied purpose.
The statistical population consisted of the active coaches of sport boards in the Markazi Province (2188) coaches, 327 of which were selected by stratified random sampling as the statistical sample. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The contet validity of the questionnaire was checked with 10 persons of the faculty members. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the Cronbach's alpha test. The data was analyzed using the t-test and the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis test.

According to the results obtained, 34 indicators were confirmed in 8 factors including relying on God, fair play, patriotic, honesty, legality and health work, coherence and empathy, trust and coherence, and financial transparency and healthy relationships for ethical charter of the sport coaches in the Markazi sport boards.

The ethical charter pattern developed for the coaches in the Markazi Province sport boards was fit goodness. Hence, it is suggested that the ethical charter be used to promote ethics in the coaching profession