مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 25 (زمستان 1398)

With the development of society and the mechanization of life, physical activity has declined and this has led to a disease called obesity. Obesity is often caused by excessive food intake and low physical activity, and can include risks such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, digestive problems, cancer, and more. Fat burning supplements with or without exercise is one of the common ways to prevent and treatment obesity. One of these popular supplements is tea. Some evidence suggests that eating tea before exercise may increase fat oxidation in exercise. The effects of long-term use on weight loss have also been shown in some studies. In this article, we try to investigate the short- and long-term effects of tea (black, oolong, green and white) on fat burning and body composition along with long-term and short-term exercise activity based on a review of studies. Articles in English and Persian have been collected from the databases of Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Google Scholar, SID and over a range of years (1992 to 2019)

Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) causes brain damage and neurodevelopmental deficits in intrauterine growth-restricted fetus. This study examined the effect of Gallic acid (GA) on fetus viability and weight of fetus, uterus, and placenta and hippocampal piramidal cell densityof fetus in UPI model.

25 pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, UPI+NS (Uteroplacental insufficiency + Normal saline), UPI+GA100 (Uteroplacental insufficiency + Gallic acid 100), UPI+GA200 (Uteroplacental insufficiency + Gallic acid 200) and UPI+GA400 (Uteroplacental insufficiency + Gallic acid 400). UPI induction is carried out by anterior uterine artery occlusion on gestation day (GD) 18. GA or normal saline was administrated by gavage method from GD15 to GD21. Then, on GD21 the fetus were cesarean section and after weighing, anesthetized by hypothermia, their heads were cut and the brains evaluated for histopathological studies.

A significant increase in uterine weight and a significant decrease in fetal viability and cell density were observed in the hippocampal CA1, CA2 and CA3 subdivision in UPI+NS group compared to the control group (p˂0.05). On the other hand, viability rate, fetus weight and cell density in CA1 and CA3 subdivisions were significantly higher in the GA-treated groups than the UPI+NS group (p˂0.05).

GA reduced fetal mortality and fetal hippocampal cell damage in UPI model. Therefore, it usable to avoid the neurodevelopmental complications due to intrauterine growth restriction.

Glycyrrhiza glabra is a plant used in traditional medicine across the world for its pharmacological value. Its value has been proved such as anti-cough, anti-diabetes, anti-microbial and antioxidant effects.

In this study the effect of a glycyrrhizin component of HMGB1's microglia product becomes in the survey, at terms of informative mediating on in vitro modeling that have six groups (with three replications). In negative control group no Gly and LPS was involved. In positive control group, the cells were  induced with LPS and no Gly, and in 3, 4, 5 and 6 groups 0.2, 0.4, 1.2 and 4 µg/ml Gly were added respectively. The amounts of HMGB1 were measured at 24, 48 and 72 hours with the sandwich ELISA kit. 

At all three times, the HMGB1 were decreased with increasing Gly, but in 24 h between 0.2 and 1.2 concentrations and in 72 h between positive control and 0.2 no significant difference were found. So it is concluded that this amount should be increased for the effective dose.

Along with previous studies, Glycyrrhizin reduced the production of HMGB1 in the microglial cell line.

As antibiotic resistance in uropathogens is increasing, information on the most common etiologic agents and their antibiotic susceptibility are highly important. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram-positive uropathogens isolated from urine specimens referred to clinical laboratories in Bandar Turkmen.

Urine samples of patients suspected of urinary tract infection were collected from April through May 2016. From 367 positive urine samples, 89 samples were positive for Gram-positive Europathogens, using standard microbiological and biochemical tests. Then, antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by disk diffusion method.

The most isolated were Staphylococcus epidermidis (30), Streptococcus group B (28), Non-heamolytic streptococci (10) and Enterococci (7), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (6), Alpha-heamolytic Streptococci (5) and Micrococci (3) and the highest resistance was observed to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. Moreover, all the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin.

It is found that the most common causes of UTI were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus group B, whichhad the highest antibiotic resistance to cotrimoxazole and ampicillin. They were also most susceptible to vancomycin, amikacin and ceftizoxime. Therefore, these antibiotics can be used in the empiric therapy of UTIs.

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Brucellosis is one of the most common diseases among humans and animals and is one of the most important public health issues. In this study due to the wide range of livestock breeding in Neyshabur and Firouzeh, the geographic disparities of the disease was visualized and analyzed in cummunity-level during 2014-2016.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Neyshabur (Neyshabour University of Medical Sciences) between 2014-2016. Data were collected for all people with brucellosis who referred to Neyshabur health centers including age, sex, season of incidence, year of illness, residency, contact with animals and use of non-pasteurized dairy products. The spatial distribution of the disease was mapped according to the country divisions for three years using geographical information systems.

A total of 840 cases were reported during the years 2014-2016. The incidence rate by urban, rural and total was 24.41, 86.97, and 62.35, respectively in 2014, 11.46, 71.44, and 47.84 respectively in 2015, and 5.98, 86, and 54.50 respectively in 2016 per 100,000 people. The incidence rate decreased in 2015, but it increased again in 2016. The incidence rate was increasing in Sarvaleit village and decreasing in Zebarkhan district.

Neyshabour and Firoozeh are among the most polluted and susceptible regions of the country in terms of brucellosis. And the spatial distribution of this disease in the villages of these regions varies with the level of livestock dispersal in these areas.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and bupropion drugtherapy in sexual relationship anxiety and marital conflicts of couples.

This study was a three-group pretest-posttest semi-experimental research design. The research statistical population consisted of all individuals with sexual anxiety complaints who referred to midwifery clinics and psychiatric centers in Neyshabour in the spring of 2017. Of this population, 39 subjects were chosen through convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into three research groups (cognitive-behavioral therapy, drugtherapy and control group) while considering the research inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, the first group underwent 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy and the second group received drugtherapy. During this period, the control group did not receive any psychological or pharmacological intervention. At the beginning and end of the study, all three groups were evaluated by the research questionnaires including Marital Conflict Scale and Sexual Anxiety Scale. In order to compare the results of the experimental and control groups, multivariate analysis of variance (covariance) and Bonferroni post-hoc test were employed in SPSS software.

The results demonstrated that cognitive-behavioral therapy was significantly more effective than pharmacotherapy in improving sexual relationship anxiety and marital conflicts.

It is suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapy be used as an evidence-based therapy to reduce the problems of people with sexual relationship anxiety.

The aim of current study was to investigate the status of social happiness and its relationship with anthropometrics and physical fitness factors among youth.

The statistical population of this study was all young people aged 20-29 years old in South Khorasan province. Based on randomized multistage cluster sampling, 384 subjects were selected using the Cochran formula. Oxford happiness questionnaire was used to measure social happiness. Muscular and cardiovascular endurance were determined using a sit-up and Rockport tests, respectively.  In addition, muscle strength was calculated by using the hand grip dynamometer tests. Body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) of each subject were also determined.

The results showed that the average of social happiness and all its components are at a desirable level among the youth of South Khorasan province. There is no meaningful relationship between social happiness and the age and gender of the subjects. However, there is a significant difference between the mean of social happiness in relation to marital status, employment status and educational level. In addition, there is a meaningful relationship between social happiness and parameters of BMI, muscular endurance, and cardio-respiratory endurance.

In general, the results indicate that individuals with higher physical fitness, especially in body composition and muscular and cardio-respiratory endurance, experience higher social happiness.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. Attention is one of the most important cognitive functions which is impaired in children with ADHD that can affect the future educational, social and occupational functions of these children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attention training on attentional functions in children with ADHD.

The method of this study was semi- experimental with purposive sampling with pre-test and post-test for control group. For this aim, 40 male students were diagnosed as ADHD who were selected by clinical interview and Conner's questionnaire and randomly 20 participants were assigned in the experimental group and 20 were assigned in the control group. In order to measure the variables of the research, Stroop task, continuous performance test, Wisconsin Card Sorting test, and divided attention test were used. Attention training was presented on the experimental group in 8 sessions, using a set of related cognitive games and attention-based task .For data analysis, covariance analysis was used.

The results indicated that attention training significantly increased the sustained attention performance and response inhibition of children with ADHD, but there was no significant effect on the selective attention function, shifting attention and divided attention.

According to the findings, the present training package can be used to improve sustained attention and response inhibition in children with ADHD.

Obesity is a major problem in many societies, especially women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise with green coffee consumption on the levels of follistatin and myostatin in overweight women.

In this semi-experimental single blind Clinical Trial study, 30 overweight women were randomly divided into two groups (n=15), aerobic exercise (8-Weeks, 3days/Week, 20 min/day, at the last week 60 min/day)  with green coffee and with placebo (daily). Blood samples were collected in the fasting morning before exercise and 48 hours after the last training session. After centrifugation, the samples were isolated, then for determine of gene expression, used the RT-PCR method and for the concentration of follistatin and myostatin based on ng/ml used ELISA method. Data were analysed by ANCOVA test and SPSS-22 software (p <0.05).

 Aerobic exercise combined with green coffee consumption significantly increase in follistatin expression (P= 0.004, F= 10.995) and a significant reduction in fat percentage in the both groups (P= 0.004, F= 9.809). There was no significant difference between the two groups on follistatin (P= 0.567, F= 0.34), but on the fat percentage, the difference between the two groups was significant (P= 0.0001, F=29.156). But there was no significant effect on myostatin and muscle mass in any group (P= 0.291, F= 1.182 and P= 0.745, F= 0.108).

 The combination of aerobic exercise with green coffee can play an important role in weight loss and chronic diseases associated with obesity.

Diabetes mellitus is a serious and complex chronic disease and is a major contributor to the health problems around the world. The purpose of this study was to compare the simultaneous effect of resveratrol supplementation and continuous training on anti-oxidative markers (SOD and GPX) and hepatocytic oxidative marker (MDA) in streptozotocin-diabetic male Wistar rats.

60 wistar rats including healthy control groups, diabetic, diabetic saline, resveratrol supplement, continuation training and complementary resveratrol + continuation training were evaluated. (SOD and GPX) and (MDA) were evaluated by ELISA kit. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used for data analysis. The significance level was considered 0.05 and SPSS 23 software was used.

The mean concentration of SOD and GPX in diabetic and diabetic saline patients compared to other groups was significantly lower (P≥0/001) and MDA concentration in diabetic and diabetic saline patients compared to other groups was significantly higher (P ≥ 0/001). continuous training and resveratrol alone or in particular resveratrol intervention with continuous training significantly increased the mean concentration of SOD and GPX concentration (P≥0/001)and A significant decrease was observed in the mean concentration of MDA (P≥0/001).

The use of non-pharmacological exercise therapy, resveratrol supplementation, and in particular the combination of these two, can be effective in increasing the antioxidant markers and reducing oxidative markers due to hepatitis Diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sour tea supplementation on the response of antioxidant capacity following an exhaustive activity session in non-athletic men.

twenty-two non-athlete's men students (Mean age: 20.32±1.62 year, weight:73.23±13.35 Kg) were randomly assigned into 2 groups of 11 persons each with sour tea consumption and placebo. Then Subjects were enrole at a Bruce aerobic exhaustive test and the subjects' blood samples were collected in four stages; 1. before supplementation 2. prior to exercise 3. immediately after exercise and 4. 24 houre after exercise. ELISA method was used to measure biochemical variables and repeated measures ANOVA and Sidak post hoc tests were used to analyze the data at the significant level P <0.05.

The results showed a significant difference between the two groups compared to baseline in the NO variable immediately after exercise (P=0.005) and 24 hours after exercise (P=0.014). Significant increase in SOD of supplement group was observed after 4 weeks of supplementation (P=0.001). Immediately after exercise (P=0.001) and 24 hours after exercise (P=0.001) SOD decreased significantly in both groups, the slope of which was lower in the supplement group. There was no significant difference in MDA in any of the stages of the study (P<0.05).

The use of short-term supplementation with sour tea probably suppresses the oxidative stress caused by exhaustive aerobic activity in addition to improving the body's oxidative system by increasing SOD and NO activity in non-athletes.

Internet has become and indispensable part of our lives. No institution, including university, can survive in this competitive world without a website. Conversely, users are dependent on the website to meet their information needs. Medical university websites are large websites that serve diverse users. Since users are pivotal in any website evaluation scheme, this study aimed to assess Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences’ (AJUMS) website from users’ perspective. The study was carried out on 709 students, faculty and staff of AJUMS. A questionnaire was used to assess 5 attributes of usability namely appearance and layout, logic of navigation, effectiveness of search, accuracy of content and satisfaction. The findings outlined some inconveniences in navigation and search and speed of finding information. Even though site appearance and content received higher positive ratings, the overall satisfaction was ranked below average.