نشریه علوم و فناوری بذر ایران
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 8، پاییز و زمستان 1394)

In order to evaluate of picking time and vertical distribution of bolls effects on some seed germination and vigor traits and seedling field emergence of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Sahel cultivar, two experiments were conducted in Golestan province during 2011-2012 in farm and a laboratory phases. In first, farm phases were carried out in factorial experiment based on a complete block design (RCBD) with four replications and two factors. Factors levels was boll picking time (first and second picking) and vertical distribution of bolls (lower, middle and upper parts). Germination and vigor tests was surveyed on these seeds and in second farm study, same seeds was planted under first year farm experiment procedure in order to evaluating of seedling filed emergence percentage, main root length of seedling and seedling vigor index under field condition. Analysis of variance of the first year of the study showed that picking time and vertical distribution of boll had only significant effect on the percent of seed germination but their interaction effect on germinated seed percentage after accelerated ageing test, seed electrical conductivity, germination percent in cool germination test, germination percent in warm germination test and cool warm vigor index were significant. Mean comparison of studied traits indicated that seed volume and seed bulk density of first picking bolls in compare to second picking bolls had effectively more values and seed germination percentage of first picking and middle-located bolls promoted the highest germination percentage. Evaluating of the seed vigor tests results under factors interaction (picking time × vertical distribution of bolls) revealed in accelerated ageing test, the seeds of lower and middle bolls had better germination percentage in compare to other treatments. Results of seedling filed emergence percentage under filed circumstance was indicated that seeds of middle bolls had highest seedling filed emergence percentage but there was no significant different between lower and upper boll seeds on seedling root length size. The highest correlation among germinated seed percentage under field condition was seen with cool germination results. Outcomes of this study were indicated in order to produce high quality seed germination and seed vigor of cotton Sahel cultivar, seed can be removed in first picking and middle bolls

In order to study the yield and size distribution of potato seed tubers under different methods of phosphorus (P) nutrition, a factorial experiment based on RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with four replications was conducted in the spring 1391. Treatments included the amount of P fertilizer, source of P fertilizer and time of P application. Variables such as yield and its components, phonological, morphological and physiological traits were evaluated in potato plants. Results showed that strip application of P at planting stage caused an increase in Leaf Area Index (LAI). Petiole P concentration in potato plants was affected significantly by the interaction of source×amount×application time. The highest level of leaf nitrogen was shown in planting time use of en masse DAP. The minimum level of P fertilizer (37 kg/h net P) caused tuber number to significantly increase from 64.25 to 92.29. Seed tuber number (28-65) and seed tuber size in DAP treatment were significantly higher than two other fertilizer treatments. No-application (Control) treatment resulted in the lowest seed tuber in size and number.

Germination and seedling growth is one of the important processes that affect different plants allelopathic properties.Leaving crop residue on the soil surface can be caused production of phtochemicals that prevent from crop growth. In order to study the allelopathic effect of the Peganum harmalaon seed germination and seedling growth characteristicsof four wheat cultivar included of Morvarid, Kuhdasht, Gonbad and lin17 an experiment was conducted by a factorial Randomized complete design with four replicationsin the laboratory of Agricultural Faculty of Gonbad university. The treatments were included 4 concentrations harmal extract (0, 25, 50, and 75 percent) and four wheat cultivar's (Morvarid, Kuhdasht, Gonbad and lin17). The analysis of variance showed that the effect of cultivar, harmala extract concentration and interaction effects treatments were significant at 1% probability on all studied traits to exception seedling dry weight. Increasing harmala extract concentration had negative effect on all studied traits in all wheat cultivars.Means comparison in control levels showed that germination rate, beginning and end effective germination, germination percentage were not significantly difference among cultivars but Gonbad cultivar had less uniformity germination than other cultivars. Gonbadand Morvarid cultivars with 37% and 85% of germination had the highest and the lowest germination respectively.According to the results in control treatment, Morvarid andGonbad had the most seedling length, seedling vigor index and coefficient Allometry, butin 75% harmala extract concentration, Morvarid and Kouhdasht cultivars were better than others cultivars.

To study the problems of the Astragalus seed germination, a factorial experiment includes ecotype and dormancy breaking was carried out in base of a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The first factor consisted of different ecotypes Samirom, Damavand, Zanjan and the second factor was seed dormancy breaking treatments in 10 levels (mechanical scarification plus chilling time with 10, 20 and 30 days prechilling at 4 °C, mechanical scarification and gibberellic acid at a concentration of 400 and 500 ppm for 48 hours, scarification with sulfuric acid 96% for 2 and 4 min, mechanical scarification and 2% potassium nitrate for 72 h, mechanical scarification and gibberellic acid 400 ppm for 48 h with 20 days prechilling and intact seeds as control. Results showed that the ecotypes were different significantly for all traits except root length. Interaction of seed dormancy breaking treatments and ecotype were significant for all traits. Damavand ecotypewas higher than the restdue to the high viability, total germination percentage, germination rate and seedling vigor index. Among the treatments, mechanical scarification+gibberellic acid 400 ppm had more effective for germination parameters. Based on the results it could be said that seed dormancy is physical, because of seed scarification treatments they were able to absorb water and germinate.

In order to understand the response mechanism of corn (Zea maize 704 single cross) seed germination and seedling growth to acid rain stress, this study in a randomized complete design with six treatments were performed and then examined by nineteen adjective related to seed germination and seedling growth. Simulated acid rain at pH2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and control (distilled water-pH7) and then examined by nineteen adjective related to seed germination and seedling growth. The results indicated water absorption in all treatments was lower than control except pH4. the germination percentage (GP), germination energy (GE) and seedling vigour index (SI) was not changed by acid rain higher at pH2. However, was stopped all germination characteristics in pH2 (PIncreased acidity with a decline in pH2 reached zeroSeedling growth was affected by acid rain so that the control showed better results than other treatments. According to the results, water reduction acidity and toxicity of acid rain can inhibit seed germination, development and establishment of the corn

In order to study effects of seed priming and foliar application of nano particle and zinc sulfate on yield and yield components of safflower, an experiment was carried out  based on RCBD  with four replications in Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, in  during 2013. Treatments composed of  without priming (control) and eleven  treatment compound as seed priming, foliar application, seed priming along with foliar application of  zinc sulfate and nano particle of zinc and seed priming with distillate water . The results showed that seed priming with distillate water and different sources of zinc increased the number of capitulum per plant as compared to control. Seed priming with distillate water and different methods of zinc sulfate application could be increased the 100 seed weight compared to nano particle of zinc. The maximum of number of grain per plant was obtained from seed priming with zinc sulfate treatments alone or along with foliar application and seed priming with 300 mg.L-1 nano particle of zinc. Seed priming with nano particle and zinc sulfate alone or along with foliar application increased grain yield compared with control. The maximum of grain yield equal to 2853.3 kg.ha-1 was observed from seed priming with 600 mg.L-1 along with 2 g.L-1 zinc sulphate.In general, the results showed thatseed priming with 300 mg.L-1 nano particle  or seed priming with 600 mg.L-1 along with 2 g.L-1  zinc sulphate can obtain acceptable product

In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers on yield and seed quality criteria of Calendula officinalisL., seeds of a field experiment under application of two levels of cattle manure (without and with 20 t ha-1) and four levels of bacterial inoculant (containing N-fixing bacteria, P solubilizerbacteria, mixture of bacteria and control) were evaluated for seed quality criteria in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications in Medicinal Plant Laboratory of Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape, University of Tehran in 2010 and 2011. Then, 1000 seed weight, seed yield and dimension and seed germination quality criteria such as seed germination percentage, rate and uniformity, time to 95% germination, seedling weight and length and seed vigour index were investigated. Results indicated that interaction effect of manure and bacterial inoculant caused significantly the highest 1000 seed weight and seed yield in both years. Nearly, all criteria related to seed dimension affected by cow manure and also bacterial inoculants in both years. Also, application of cow manure significantly affected seed germination percentage, seedling length and seed vigour index (both years) and inoculation of seed by plant growth promotion bacteria showed significant effects on seed germination percentage, seedling length and seed vigour index (both years) and seed germination uniformity, time to 95% germination and seedling weight (first year). In general, using cattle manure and also plant growth promotion bacteria resulted in the highest amount of all measured criteria compared to non application of manure and bacterial inoculants.

In this research the effects of four levels of salinity(0, 5, 10 and 15 dS.m-1) on three cultivars of rapeseed (Okapi, Zarfam, and RGS) were studied. Salinity and cultivar carried out in completely block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Germination and vigor tests were done on produced seeds in laboratory. Seed viability indices showed no significant difference. These traits were not affected by salinity.Normal seedling percentage in different varieties and salinity treatments were not significantly different. Some of The seed vigor indices such as root length were significantly different between varieties and RGS003had lowest root length, so shoot fresh weight in both standard germination and accelerated aging test increased with increasing salinity. Shoot dry weight increased with increasing salinity (non-significant) and decreased in higher salinity level (15dS.m-1). So the seed production under saline conditions, have no negative impact on seed viability and vigor and even some of the seed vigour indicators will be improved.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of seed coating on Monogerm beet seed viability and development by using four different polymers in 2013in Research Institute for Improvement of Sugar Beet Seed. The experiment was conducted on the basis ofa completely randomized design with four replications. Monopolymer (MP), Copolymer (CP), Homopolymer hard (HPS) and soft Homopolymer (HPS), each at a concentration of, 1, 5, and 10 % with control (uncoated) were compared. The recorded traits included germination immediately after coverage, after one month of coverage, growth power after three months of coverage, fresh weight, dry weight, number of buds, shoot length, root length, and growth power of seed in the field. The results showed that there were significant differences among treatments in terms of all traits. According to the results, both soft and hard Homopolymer hay were relatively superior in terms of most recorded traits. However, with respect to percent germination percentage in the field which is of great importance, Monopolymer 10% with Homopolymer hard and soft at low concentrations (to 5%) exhibited a good performance.

In order to study on effect of irrigation intervals and parent plant nutrition by various nitrogen levels on seed and seedling vigor and some related characteristics of hybrid maize single cross 704 (B73× MO17)a research conducted at Kermanshah province research station field of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre and seed quality analysis laboratory of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) at Karaj.Field experiment based on complete randomized clocks design and as split plot by three replications conducted. Studied treatments levels arranged as7, 9, 11 and 13 day irrigation intervals as main plots and nitrogen rates 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg per hectare as sub plots. One thousand seed weight was determined and seed and seedling vigour tests including seedling growth analysis, radical emergence rate and electrocunductivity conducted based on complete randomized blocks design by four replications and final germination, normal and abnormal seedlings percent, mean germination time, seedling and primary root length, seedling and primary root fresh weigh, seedling and primary root and shoot dry weigh, seedling length and weight vigour index and electrical conductivity were measured. Results revealed produced seeds in 7 and 9 day irrigation intervals and 400 kg per hectare nitrogen from seed and seedling vigour and some related characters point of view had most optimum situation. Thereafter, based on this research results and for the reason of water resources for irrigation limitation, 9 day irrigation interval and 400 kg per hectare condition recommended forhybrid maize single cross 704 seed production in Kermanshah conditions.