فصلنامه پرستاری قلب و عروق
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، بهار 1398)

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between seasonal changes and incidence of AMI in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

Although various studies have been carried out to examine the relationship between seasonal changes and incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in different parts of the world, many of them have limitations and there are many contradictions between their findings. Despite considerable prevalence of AMI in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, similar studies have not been conducted in this area.

This cross-sectional study was done based on medical data of heart center of Sistan and Baluchestan Province from March 2015 to April 2016. In this study, census sampling was achieved of all the patients with AMI symptoms. Variables such as age, sex, marital status, birth date, physical symptoms, and past medical history; and also meteorological parameters such as minimum, maximum and average of temperature (Celsius), and wind direction were collected.

Except of mean rainfall, mean rate of other parameters had statistically significant differences during 12-month period of the study. Spearman correlation test showed a positive statistically significant correlation of incidence of AMI during one year with sunshine hours (r=0.685, p=0.014), and maximum daily temperature (r=0.626, p=0.030).

Finding revealed that raising temperature had direct relationship with incidence of AMI. The findings could be a foundation for governmental important health plans to control the incidence of AMI.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the key performance indicators in the emergency department.

Health care organizations are confronted with various phenomena such as the rapid promotion of technology, changing demographic factors and changing lifestyles. On the other hand, the health care system has become one of the largest and most expensive industries in the world. These factors have led hospital management to require fundamental changes, including for organizations to measure performance to achieve organizational goals. Evaluation and monitoring of emergency department performance is one of the most important processes in health centers.

In this review study, the articles were searched out using the keywords “key performance indicators” and “emergency department” and their Persian equivalent in Jahad Daneshgahi Database, Iran Scientific Research Institute, Database of Iranian Journals, Springer, Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Forty eight articles were found. These articles were reviewed and refined step by step and finally, 16 related articles were selected. Then, selected sources were included in the data collection form according to the purpose of the study and narrative analysis was performed.

Based on the results of this study, the articles have addressed three aspects of the importance of performance appraisal in the emergency department, key performance indicators and their types (input indicators, process indicators, outcome indicators) that are explained in detail.

Managers and decision makers are always faced with the problem of choosing the best index from a diverse set of indicators, and often because of data aggregation, not all of them can be used. For this reason, managers and employees have a negative view of performance evaluation systems, and it is necessary to identify a limited number of key indicators that can meet an organization's management goals.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of protocol of weaning from mechanical ventilation on the gastrointestinal function in people undergoing CABG.

The most common problems after cardiac surgery in the intensive care unit are change in vital signs, respiratory problems, unsuccessful separation from mechanical ventilation, and gastrointestinal problems. Due to the numerous effects that gastrointestinal problems have on the patient after cardiac surgery and also the economic burden that these complications impose on the patient and the health care system, choosing the best technique to prevent and control these problems is critical for the health care team.

The present study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on 100 people undergoing CABG. They were allocated to control and experimental group based on permuted block randomization. The control group received routine way and experimental group received protocol of weaning. The groups  were compared in terms of nausea and vomiting, the time of beginning oral diet, defecation and bowel sounds before weaning 2, 6, and 12 hours after weaning from mechanical ventilation. Data were analyzed In SPSS version 23 using chi-square, Mann–Whitney U and Fisher tests.

In experimental group, there was a faster onset of bowel sounds and movements and earlier beginning of oral diet.

Patients who were under the protocol of weaning from mechanical ventilation had better gastrointestinal functional status compared to those who were under routine weaning.

The aim of this study was to review nursing care of invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring innovations focusing on cardiovascular monitoring.

In the management of critically ill patients, the priority is to optimize and monitor hemodynamics, especially the cardiovascular system. Comprehensive hemodynamic assessment of patients, along with other clinical information, enables physicians and nurses to make informed decisions about treatment and care of patients. Due to the importance of hemodynamic monitoring in intensive care units and the cause of hemodynamic instability and response to treatment, as well as the increasing advances in science and technology in the development of new devices, familiarity with hemodynamic monitoring equipment and knowledge of how new methods work can be helpful in this regard.

This review study was carried out in 2018 by searching the databases and search engines (Google Scholar, OVID, Up-to-date, Springer, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochran, Web of Science, Magiran, SID, PubMed) using the keyword “Pulse counter”, “invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring”, “cardiac output” and their Persian equivalent. A total of 65 unrestricted articles were found, out of which 15 duplicate and 10 full-text articles were excluded, and eventually 40 articles were included in the study.

In recent years, hemodynamic monitoring has evolved from invasive to less invasive and non-invasive systems and from intermittent to continuous. Nurses' role in hemodynamic monitoring of patients is very important.

Nurse's knowledge of these innovations, nursing care training in hemodynamic monitoring of patients, as well as prevention and management of complications, can have a significant impact on nurses' knowledge as well as enhancing the quality care and patients’ quality of life.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of family members’ health literacy and performance in face of myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction is one of the most important causes of death and disability in developed and developing countries. Proper performance of patients' attendance in early hours of myocardial infarction event plays an important role in reducing mortality and morbidity. Health literacy is also known as one of the major determinants of understanding information about health.

In this descriptive-correlational study, 286 family members of patients experiencing myocardial infarction that witnessed the vent were recruited in the study by convenience sampling method and based on inclusion criteria of reading and writing literacy and age over 18 years old. Data were collected using a demographic form, Iranian adult health literacy questionnaire (HELIA) and the questionnaire performance during myocardial infarction. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (mean comparison, correlation and regression tests).

Health literacy mean score (61.49±21.05) showed an adequate level. “Assessment skills” and “decision making and application of health information” had, respectively, the lowest (52.68±25.30) and the highest (68.07±19.87) mean score among health literacy dimensions. There was a statistically significant relationship of health literacy with age, education and medical profession in the family (P≤0.0001). Only 17.98 percent of the participants had a good level of performance (Scores 6.8 to 10). The history of myocardial infarction in patient and the duration of the patient transition from the onset of pain to arrival to the hospital showed a statistically significant relationship with performance, meaning that family members of patients with a history of myocardial infarction were able to transfer their patient to the hospital in less than half an hour (P≤0.0001). A statistically significant relationship was found between health literacy and performance; those with higher level of health literacy had better performance. Of the health literacy domains, only understanding had a significant relationship with performance (P=0.004).

Although the mean score of health literacy was adequate, the participants hadn't good performance. Therefore, improving the performance of community and family members by health service providers including nurses, mass media, practitioners, and health promotion planners for educational interventions is recommended. Proper planning to increase specific health literacy can prevent adverse outcomes in this area.

Aim. The aim of this study is assessment the status of altmerics of the articles in the Iranian Cardiovascular journals indexed in Scopus by using the PlumX during 2014-2016. Background. With the change in the pattern of accessing to the electronic content of journals, new spaces for scientific and research evaluations have emerged in different ways. Plam Analytics strives to provide research metrics for all types of the research outputs. Method. The purpose of this study is descriptive and applied in a descriptive study. The number of active Iranian cardiovascular journals in Scopus is based on the SCImago over a defined period include ARYA Atherosclerosis ، International Cardiovascular Research Journal, Journal of Tehran University Heart Center and Iranian Heart Journal , which had published 671 articles on the Scopus and all were included in the study. Findings. The results showed that the number of usage of articles in journals of ARYA Atherosclerosis, Journal of Tehran University Heart Center and Iranian Heart Journal was zero and the rate of usage of articles published by International Cardiovascular Research Journal were 130 times. Results showed that the number of the capture of articles published by ARYA Atherosclerosis were 134 times, International Cardiovascular Research Journal were ,347Journal of Tehran University Heart Center was 195 and Iranian Heart Journal was 223. The results showed that the number of presence of articles published by the Iranian journals in the cardiovascular field indexed in Scopus on social networks and mention to these articles was zero. A total of 671 articles were cited 1030 times. Conclusion. The results of this study showed that PlumX indices in the Iranian cardiovascular articles were very low and in some cases was zero.

The aim of this review was to investigate the role of Catecholamines in the pathogenesis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and related nursing care.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an acute syndrome characterized by acute reversible systolic dysfunction of the apical and middle segments of the left ventricle in the absence of significant coronary artery occlusion. It is believed that emotional and physical stressors are the main drivers for the disease. Despite many years of efforts to better understand this disorder, current knowledge is limited, but several authors have agreed on the relationship between Catecholamines and the development of this syndrome.

This study was carried out by searching the databases and search engines (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) to find full text articles published between 2014-2018 using the keywords "Broken heart syndrome", "Apical ballooning syndrome", "Takotsubo cardiomyopathy", "Stress-induced cardiomyopathy", “Catecholamines”, “Nursing” and “Nursing care”. Of 392 articles, 21 were included in the study.

Among the various hypotheses, Catecholamine-induced microvascular dysfunction is currently the most accepted hypothesis. Stressful stimuli can increase the activity of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary- Adrenal axis and release Catecholamine. If Catecholamines are the leading cause of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, it is quite possible that prescribing exogenous Catecholamines cause this condition.

Although many studies have attributed some of the Catecholamine toxicity to the pathophysiology of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, due to the potential impact on current treatment strategies, further study is required. Due to cardiovascular side effects, the use of Catecholamines for therapeutic purposes requires more evidence. Regarding the similarity of the symptoms of this syndrome with myocardial ischemia, nursing care in this type of cardiomyopathy is very important.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of early mobilization program on incidence of arrhythmias in patients after acute myocardial infarction in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Dehdasht, Iran.

Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most common causes of disability and mortality in most countries. Rehabilitation and mobility management of these patients, immediately after admission to the cardiac care unit, can reduces complications and decreases their physical and cognitive function impairment.

This was a clinical trial study, in which 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction, referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Dehdasht, Iran were selected by convenience sampling during the year 2019 and randomly assigned to experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. In the experimental group, patients received an organized program in 8 stages, 18 hours after admission to the cardiac care unit, and in control group, the patients got out of bed 48 hours after admission based on the usual protocol. Patients were monitored before, during, and after getting out of bed for the number and type of arrhythmias. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 22.

There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group in the number and type of arrhythmias, 48 hours and 51 hours after admission in the cardiac care unit. However, this difference was not statistically significant at 54 hours after admission to the cardiac care unit.

Early mobilization can reduce the number of arrhythmias in patients after myocardial infarction. Early mobilization can be included in the cardiac care unit rehabilitation program as a safe mathod. Therefore, it is recommended to use early mobilization program for patients with acute myocardial infarction in cardiac care unit on the first day of hospitalization.

The purpose of this study was to review the importance of cardiac rehabilitation and physical activity training in the second phase of rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation is defined as a comprehensive long-term program consisting of medical assessment, exercise program administration, correction of cardiovascular risk factors, training and counseling. Familiarizing nurses with the area of ​​cardiac rehabilitation and providing necessary education to patients will have a significant effect on reducing complications and improving quality of life.

This review study was carried out by library and internet searches in the years 2018-2019 using the keywords “coronary artery bypass graft surgery”, “adherence to treatment”, “cardiovascular disease”, “physical activity”, “exercises at home”, “cardiac rehabilitation” and their Persian equivalents. The search was carried out in databases, search engines PubMed, SID, MagIran, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, OVID, Google Scholar, Up-to-date, and Scopus without time limit. A total of 51 articles were found in relation to the subject under study, of which, 4 articles were excluded because of duplication and 10 articles were excluded because their full texts were not available. Finally, 37 articles were included in the study.

The role of the nurse in training cardiac patients for rehabilitation is of great importance. By educating patients about the principles of rehabilitation for prevention and management of complications, an important role can be played in improving the quality of life of patients and increasing their survival.

Nurses' acquaintance with the principles of cardiac rehabilitation is of particular importance. It is suggested that nurses consider rehabilitation education as one of the supportive therapeutic and preventive approaches and should always be familiar with the latest guidelines in this area.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Zero-balance (Z-Buf) ultrafiltration on arterial blood gases in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Cardiopulmonary bypass can cause complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome, ischemic reperfusion injury, decreased cardiac output, and other related complications.

This study was a randomized clinical trial study with control group. Seventy six patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were selected through consecutive sampling method from early January 2016 to the end of June 2017. To allocate the participants into groups, randomized blocking method was used. Patients in the experimental group were connected to the cardiopulmonary bypass system and Zero-balance (Z-Buf) ultrafiltration. Arterial blood gases including BE, Pao2, Pco2, Tco2, PH, Lactate, and O2Sat were measured in the preoperative time, every half hour during the operation, immediately after the operation and 6 hours after transferring the patient to intensive care unit. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS Version 22.

The results showed that the changes in PCO2 in both groups were not statistically significant, but the changes in other arterial blood gas parameters (BE, Pao2, Tco2, PH, Lactate, O2Sat) were statistically significant in two groups (P<0.05). There were more changes in arterial blood gases in the control than the experimental group.

The use of Zero-balance ultrafiltration reduces changes in arterial blood gas parameters in patients with undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The use of this method by heart surgeons and perfusionists can reduces the incidence of clinical complications in these patients.

The present study aimed to determine the quality of end-of-life nursing care in the intensive care unit from the perspective of critical care nurses.

Assessing the quality of nursing care is one of the most important strategies for nurse mangers to improve nursing care services and achieve high-quality nursing practice; it is crucial to assess this index on a regular basis.

In this descriptive cross sectional-study, data were collected using modified quality of nursing care questionnaire. The questionnaire was adopted from the standardized Quality Patient Care Scale in psychosocial, physical, and communication dimensions. A convenient sampling method was used to recruit 191 registered nurses participated in the study within a 2-month period. The data were analyzed SPSS version 20 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The mean score for quality of end-of-life nursing care was 83.62±8.62 in the psychosocial dimension, 85.36±7.74 in the communication dimension, and 92.23±10.88 in the physical dimension. Quality was reported to be favorable in the psychosocial dimension (62 percent), communication (50.3 percent) and physical dimension (81.7 percent), respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between the quality of end-of-life nursing care and passing educational course.

The quality of end-of-life nursing care was good from the perspective of critical care nurses, but it was not as good as expected in some dimensions. The psychosocial aspect of end-of-life nursing care needs to be improved. Taking measures and planning educational programs to improve the appropriate therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the patient and paying attention to the psychological and social needs of patients as much as possible can be an effective step in improving the quality of end-of-life care.

This study aimed to determine the effect of health promoting lifestyle training on vitality, psychological well-being and blood pressure of women with cardiovascular disease.

Women with cardiovascular disease have many problems in physical and mental health and one of the effective methods in this field is health promoting lifestyle training method.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and follow-up design with control group. The study population consisted of women with cardiovascular disease referred to Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Tehran, Iran, in 2019. The sample consisted of 40 women who were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly allocated into experimental and control group. The experimental group received eight 75-minute educational session (one session per week) on health promoting lifestyle and the control group placed on the waiting list for training. Data were collected using questionnaires vitality and psychological well-being and sphygmomanometer and were analyzed by Chi-square test, independent t-test, repeated measures and Bonferroni post-hoc test in SPSS Version 19.
Findings. In the pretest stage, there was no statically significant difference between the experimental and control group in terms of vitality, psychological well-being and blood pressure, but in the posttest and follow-up stages, there was found a statically significant difference in terms of all three variables of vitality, psychological well-being and blood pressure, meaning that health promoting lifestyle training method led to increase vitality and psychological well-being and decrease blood pressure of women with cardiovascular disease. This effect continued in follow-up stage.

The method of health promoting lifestyle training led to improve the vitality, psychological well-being and blood pressure of women with cardiovascular disease. It is recommended that health care providers use health promoting lifestyle training method along with other educational and therapeutic modalities to improve the health-related components.

This study was conducted to examine the relationship of marital satisfaction and self-care behavior in people with chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure is one of the most important problems in public health and it would impose heavy costs on society and family. Self-care plays an important role in managing heart failure and can be influenced by social support. The patients receive the highest level of social support from their families.

In this descriptive study, 251 patients were selected by convenience sampling method. The instruments were Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire, and The European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior  (EHFSCB). Collected data were analyzed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that 58.8 percent of participants were male, with a mean age of 59.66 years. The mean score of marital satisfaction was 145.6±41.98. Most participants (46.9 percent) had partial marital satisfaction. The mean score of self-care was 34.5±12.24 and most participants (41.2 percent) reported good self-care. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the marital satisfaction and self-care scores.

Due to the positive effect of self-care behaviors on marital satisfaction and because most people with chronic heart failure have partial marital satisfaction, it is recommended to study factors influencing these components. It is suggested to support and teach patients and their families in order to improve marital satisfaction and promote self-care behaviors in these patients.

The present study aims to determine the performance of “Tehran 115 medical emergency” dispatchers in providing services to patients with chest pain.

Chest pain is one of the most common problems for which individuals call medical emergency services. The pace, accuracy, and integration of services by medical emergency dispatchers are highly important to decrease mortality and disability rates.

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 397 voice records of 80 dispatchers in “Tehran 115 medical emergency services” about chest pain in January 2019. Data gathering was done using the Dispatcher Performance Assessment Checklist. All the obtained scores by the checklist were analyzed in SPSS (V.22).
Findings. All voice records demonstrated an acceptable performance of the dispatchers. The mean score of performance in consultation section was 18±2.66 ranged from 9 to 20. The mean score of performance in key questions section was 35.95±2.16 with a score range from 28 to 38. The total mean score of performance was 53.95±3.57 with a score range from 43 to 58. In addition, employment status (P=0.039) and work experience (P=0.020) were significantly related to dispatchers’ performance in terms of assessing chest pain.

Assessment according to the checklist items and provision of proper consultation services to the patients and patient companions by the 115 dispatchers resulted in a better and timely diagnosis, faster dispatch of ambulance, less damages sustained by heart patients, and prevention of death. The findings emphasized on the necessity of adhering to the questions algorithm and uniform work procedure by dispatchers nationwide. This should be an integral part of telephone triage. Observation of national standard prevents probable damages to patients due to wrong or personalized decision making.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between quality of life and hope in people with ischemic heart disease.

The increase in the number of patients with ischemic heart disease in recent years and its psychological and physical consequences and complications necessitates investigating their quality of life and hope.

In this descriptive-correlational study, 150 people with ischemic heart disease hospitalized in Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Tehran, Iran, were investigated. Data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire, France and Powers quality of life questionnaire (1999) and Snyder hope scale (1991). Data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistical.

The results of the present study showed that the quality of life in people with ischemic heart disease was at a good level (mean score 20.64±3). The level of hope in these patients was high (the mean score 40.33±5). There was a statistically significant relationship between hope and quality of life score (P≤0.0001, r=0.48).

Regarding the positive relationship of quality of life with hope in ischemic heart patients, nurses can be advised to pay attention to these aspects of life in this group of patients and incorporate into their routine care.

Aim:

This review study was conducted to explain the causes of prehospital delay in Iranian people experiencing myocardial infarction.

Background:

While rapid diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction reduces mortality, improves heart function and most importantly, improves the patientchr('39')s prognosis, studies show that some people experiencing the symptoms of myocardial infarction return to medical centers with delay.

Method:

 In this review study, SID database was used to search out articles published from 2001 to 2019. The keywords “acute myocardial infarction” and prehospital delay” was uysed to searching out the articles. Articles with accessible full text were reviewed in this study.

Findings :

The review of articles related to the factors of prehospital delay in Iranian people experiencing  acute myocardial infarction included expecting spontaneous recovery, attributing the disease to non-cardiovascular causes, unawareness of the symptoms of cardiovascular disease, not paying attention to the symptoms of the disease and taking medication arbitrarily, having an underlying disease such as diabetes, low level of pain in the onset, sex, old age, low education, low income, place of residence, insignificance of pain, being alone at the time of acute myocardial infarction, onset of symptoms from midnight to early morning, negative history of heart disease, and the gradual onset of symptoms.

Conclusion:

The results of this review showed that the most important factors in prehospital delay of Iranian people experiencing myocardial infarction individual factors and misunderstanding of the disease. Health care team should work to improve public awareness of the signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease.

Aim :

This study aimed at examining the effect of preoperative fluid therapy on kidney function in patients undergoing heart surgery.

Background:

 As one of surgery complications, kidney failure occurs with oliguria and rise in creatinine. Decreased heart output leads to reduction in renal perfusion. Acute renal failure is associated with increase in morbidity, mortality and high medical treatment cost. Various studies has indicated an increase in postoperative mortality rate when complications of acute renal failure superimpose the situation. One of the best strategies for kidney protection is optimizing preoperative hemodynamics and fluid therapy.

Method:

 In this clinical trial study, 107 patients were recruited based on inclusion criteria and randomly allocated to experimental (n=54) and control (n=53) group. Patients in experimental group received Half- Saline, 1cc/kg/hr, during 12 hours before surgery. Patients in control group started as being NPO, 8 hours before the surgery. Creatinine level, BUN, and 24-hours urine output were measured and recorded during two days after surgery. Data were analyzed in SPSS V.22 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Findings:

The groups didnchr('39')t differ in terms of age, gender, weight, and ejection fraction. There was no statistically significant difference between experimental and control group in terms of creatinine changes during the preoperative day and the first and the second day after surgery. Also, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in BUN on the first and second days after surgery. The urine output of the experimental group was greater than control group on first and second days after operation, but the difference was not significant. The duration of ICU stay were similar in both groups. There were recorded two deaths in control group while there was no death in experimental group.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that preoperative fluid therapy has no short-term effect on kidney function. It is recommended to examine the effect of fluid therapy on kidney function in longer periods.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and sleep quality in people with heart failure.

Background:

 The quality of sleep in patients with heart failure is unfavorable compared to healthy individuals. It is stated that in some societies, spirituality is related to mental health and sleep quality.

Method:

 In this descriptive correlational study, 207 people with heart failure, who were recruited in the study through convenience sampling method, were given demographic questionnaires, Pittsburgh sleep quality and Alison and Palutzian spiritual health questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS V24.

Findings:

The mean total score of sleep quality was 8.90±3.16; indicating that the sleep quality of people with heart failure was at an unfavorable level. The mean total score of spiritual health was 93.36±9.20; demonstrating that the level of spiritual health of the people with heart failure was moderately high. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between sleep quality and spiritual health (r=0.175, p=0.026).

Conclusion:

 People with heart failure who have higher spiritual health experience better sleep quality. It is recommended to pay attention to spiritual health as well as to the physical health of patients when planning caring programs for these people.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of compassion-based therapy on adherence to treatment and components of type D personality in people with coronary heart disease in Alborz province, Iran.

Background:

 Coronary heart disease as a chronic disease is being considered as a psychosomatic disease that is affected by psychosocial factors as well as biological factors.

Method:

The study method was quasi-experimental with pre-test post-test with control group and follow-up period. The statistical population of this study included people with coronary heart disease who referred to the cardiac ward of Rajaei hospital in Karaj, Iran, on an outpatient or inpatient basis in 2019. The sample consisted of 30 patients who were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly divided into experimental (N=15) and control (N=15) groups. The experimental group underwent compassion-focused therapy (CFT) weekly in 90-minute duration sessions for 8 weeks according to Gilbertchr('39')s CFT protocol, and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. Data were collected using questionnaires adherence to treatment and Denolt type D personality. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 24 using mixed variance design.

Findings:

 After intervention, the mean score of adherence to treatment in experimental group (43.33±4.22) was statistically higher than that of the control group (34.60±4.33). After intervention, the mean score for type D personality in experimental group (26.73±4.94) was statistically lower than that of the control group (36.53±4.27). The main effect of time, the main effect of group, and group-by-time interaction for both adherence to treatment and type D personality was statistically significant, meaning that CFT influences these variables in people with coronary heart disease.

Conclusion:

 Programs that are performed in the form of psychological educational interventions along with medical interventions may decrease the severity of coronary heart disease, accelerate the healing process, and promote general health and long-term adaptation of these patients. Therapists and health professionals are advised to use compassion-focused therapy to improve the mental and physical health of people with coronary heart disease.

The present review study was conducted to investigate the effect of family-centered care education on outcomes of heart failure in Iranian patients

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that poses a health problem due to its chronic, progressive, and irreversible nature

 A comprehensive searching out scientific databases and search engines including Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline with the keywords heart failure and family-centered care education in both Persian and English language was done to find published studies between 2000 to 2020 Six articles were found based on inclusion criteria and reviewed to report their dominant findings

 Studies on the effect of family-centered care education on outcomes of heart failure in Iranian patients showed that this educational method has yield in effective results

 Family-centered care training improves and promotes self-care and quality of life in people with heart failure Using this training program is recommended as an effective, cost-effective training method without the need for special equipment

Aim:

This study aimed to review educational techniques in neonatal resuscitation training for nurses with focus on improving knowledge and skill.     

Background:

 Successful management of neonatal resuscitation is associated with knowledge and skill applied in golden time. Neonatal resuscitation training can help nurses for choosing right steps and practice skillfully. In neonatal nursing, neonatal resuscitation teaching methods is very important for knowledge improvement and sustainable enhancement in skill with the final goal of neonatal surveillance.

Method:

This literature review was conducted with searching out data bases and search engines (Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed, Magiran, CINAHL, and Web of Science) with the keywords neonatal resuscitation training, nurse, knowledge, skill and their Persian equivalent. Overall, 48 articles published within the last 10 years were identified, out of which, 13 articles were omitted because of not having access to their full text and 35 articles were reviewed.

Findings:

 The method of neonatal resuscitation training has shifted from traditional self-learning by reading the book and watching slides to learning by training on manikins. It has been changed to simulating such real situations for decision making and right techniques even by soft wares on smartphones too.

Conclusion:

In choosing the methods of teaching neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation to nurses, those methods would be more effective that can increase how to apply knowledge as well as transferring knowledge. New educational methods allow nurses to increase neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills to maintain survival of this vulnerable group.

Aim:

 The present article aimed at reviewing the literature regarding factors causing arteriosclerosis.

Background:

 The origin of arteriosclerosis, which leads to the development of cardiovascular diseases, is quite complicated. The pathogens involved in arteriosclerosis include hemodynamic, thrombotic, carbohydrates, lipid, metabolic changes, and the inherent properties of the arterial wall. These physiological and biochemical properties finally give rise to the clinical symptoms in patients. Furthermore, environmental factors such as smoking, and changing lifestyle can aggravate these symptoms. The progression of arteriosclerosis and the increase in its severity depends on these risk factors as well as their continuation over time.

Method:

The present research reviewed the literature published within the last 20 years concerning the factors causing arteriosclerosis. The articles were searched out using databases Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, SID, Scopus, Iran Doc, OVID, CINAHL, and Magiran and the keywords were Atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and their Persian equivalents.

Findings:

The findings indicated that there have been considerable developments in identifying the factors causing Atherosclerosis, factors such as age, sex, hypertension, smoking, increase in the LDL level, decrease in the HDL and cholesterol level, which are effective in the development of atherosclerosis, and the metabolic factors (disorder of glucose metabolism), thrombogenic and homeostatic factors such as fibrinogen and inflammatory factors that can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Despite the various studies carried out in this regard, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death as reported by the World Health Organization and the methods for controlling and preventing these diseases have not yet been completely developed.

Conclusion:

 Taking into account the high mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases, besides identifying the risk factors leading to arteriosclerosis, there must be public education at every level in order to increase awareness, cause fundamental changes in people’s lifestyles, and increase patient self-care education.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mentalization-based therapy and supportive psychotherapy on object relations in people with coronary heart disease.

Background:

 Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of disability and death in different countries of the world and despite the development of various treatments, it is still highly prevalent.

Method:

This experimental study was conducted in the form of the pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up stage. The statistical population consisted of all people with coronary heart disease who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil during 2018. Of this statistical population, 60 people were selected through purposive sampling and according to inclusion criteria, and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group). Finally, 55 people remained until the end of interventions and evaluations. The first experimental group received 12 sessions of mentalization-based therapy, the second experimental group received 10 sessions of supportive psychotherapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Bell Object Relations Questionnaire was used for data collection in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and LSD post-hoc test using SPSS statistical software (version 22).

Findings:

After controlling the pre-test effects, a statistically significant difference was found between the post-test mean scores of the experimental groups (mentalization -based therapy: F=19.69, P≤0.0001; and supportive psychotherapy: F=28.86, P≤0.0001) and the control group (F=0.87, P<0.43) in terms of object relations and its components. Also, the effect of supportive psychotherapy on object relations of patients with coronary heart disease was higher than that of mentalization -based therapy (P<0.01).

Conclusion:

The results of the present study provides the basis for using these interventions in people with coronary heart disease.

Aim:

 This study was conducted to evaluate the readiness of intensive care units of hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences for the implementation of family-centered care in 2017.

Background:

Patients in the intensive care unit often are not able to participate in therapeutic decisions, therefore, involving families in decision-making process, implementation and treatment processes, and meeting the their needs improves treatment outcomes and increases patient and family satisfaction. Family-centered care is one of the means of providing care that recognizes and respects the vital role of the family.

Method:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which all of the intensive care units in the hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences were studied in terms of their preparedness for family-centered care. Proportionate stratified sampling method was used to recruit nurses, and the physicians were recruited based on convenience sampling. In order to investigate the structure and facilities, through a census of all specialized departments of hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, a checklist was filled out. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 22 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Findings:

 According to the results, 60.9% of nurses were opposed to implementing family-centered care and have a negative attitude, and 57.3% of physicians agreed to implement family-centered care. There was a statistically significant difference between the attitudes of nurses and doctors (p≤0.0001). Also, the overall scores obtained from hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences showed that the facilities and hospital structure were poor for implementing family-centered care.

Conclusion:

Differences in the attitudes of nurses and physicians about family-based care showed the need for clarifying the concept of family-centered care. The implementation of family-centered care requires structural changes and extensive equipment in accordance with the standards.