مجله نظارت و بازرسی
پیاپی 50 (زمستان 1398)

One of the influential people in the criminal process are judicial officers who are involved in the process of detecting a crime and arresting the accused. The criminal laws governing the case under review generally require the observance of certain rights of the accused (the rights of the accused) during the proceedings. The answer to the degree of compliance of the governing principles with international standards and its level in the law of Iran, the United Kingdom and the United States forms the purpose of the research. The method of collecting information and data is provided in a library and documentary manner and from various sources. Information is analyzed in an argumentative, rational and inferential way. Findings show that the constitutional and ordinary constitutions of Iran, the United Kingdom and the United States refer to the principles under study; Except that the US Constitution silences the presumption of innocence and ordinary Iranian law restricts the principle of access to a lawyer. It has also taken a step towards respecting the rights and freedoms of the accused by not specifying the term under US law and the need to introduce the accused to the judiciary immediately and without undue delay. The results show that detention is an act contrary to the principle of respect for the freedoms of individuals and an exception. The principles and rules of procedure, which require the observance of some defense rights in the monitored stage, facilitate the transition from this stage and minimize the amount of material and moral damages of the accused and the suspect. Each of the principles governing the supervised stage is necessary for each other, and the interdependence between them prevents the law enforcers from failing to implement these principles and the subordinate rights recognized at this stage.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an accurate semantics of the terms related to the vote monitoring stage, the approach of this effort is legal separation and its correct application in legal documents. The research method is library based on principled and legal analysis. Judicial oversight, in its broadest sense, is the most effective way of ensuring the observance of the hierarchy between legal sources and legal authorities. One of the most important examples of monitoring judicial decisions in the sense of monitoring, methods of protest, objection, complaint and appeal, appeal, appeal and retrial. In the general sense, judicial oversight of votes includes the oversight of judicial authority over the votes of the authorities. But the opinions of administrative authorities are (non-judicial); such as the supervision of the administrative court of justice, which deals with the objections of administrative authorities as an administrative judicial authority. Supervision of arbitral awards, if carried out by judicial authorities, is an example of judicial supervision in a special sense; because arbitration is an unjust reference.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of managers' decision-making styles on succession strategies in NAJA. This research is descriptive-survey in terms of purpose, application and research method. The statistical population of this study is all managers and employees of the Hormozgan police headquarters who were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula of 195 people. For data collection, Kim (2006) Standard Succession Questionnaire, Bruce and Scott (1995) General Decision Styles Questionnaire were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by professors and its reliability was used using Cronbach's alpha formula. 0 and 0.78 were obtained. Inferential statistics of Spearman, regression and Friedman tests were used to test the hypotheses. The results of analysis of the results showed that decision-making styles affect succession strategies. Findings also showed that decision-making style factors (rational, intuitive, dependent, immediate and avoidance) have a significant effect on succession. The results of Friedman test showed that the dependency style with a coefficient of 3.17 is in the first priority; As a result, it has the greatest effect on succession; Avoidance style with a coefficient of 3.01 is in the second priority and rational style with a coefficient of 2.82 is in the fifth and final rank, as a result, the least effect is on breeding in NAJA.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the barriers to monitoring and inspection of Iranian border units. In terms of applied purpose, and its method, the research is classical Delphi using the interview method and prioritizing barriers through a checklist extracted from interviews and resources. The statistical population of the study includes observers and inspectors of the border regiments in the southeast of the country. Purposeful sampling method and sample size in this study is 11 people in four stages in the form of interviews and questionnaires. Findings showed that monitoring and inspection barriers out of a total of 42 identified barriers in order of priority, including cultural factors, structural and organizational factors and finally socio-environmental factors. These factors include lack of location and residence of inspection staff, lack of electronic monitoring structure, lack of job benefits and lack of welfare facilities for border guards, lack of awareness of border guards about criminal and legal laws, negative points in reporting crimes and violations for the unit and assignment Miscellaneous to inspection, lack of competent and talented commanders, lack of fixed monitoring and inspection methods, lack of cover vehicles and organizational vehicles, and it can be concluded that the lack of vehicles for monitoring, delegating miscellaneous tasks to supervisors and inspectors and lack of electronic monitoring structure such as CCTV cameras are the most common obstacles to monitoring and inspecting border units in the southeast of the country.

Corruption is one of the oldest wounds of the administrative system, a twin of the government and the result of internal and environmental interaction and has emerged from the text of the organization. Corruption in all its dimensions and levels has three characteristics: pervasiveness, harmfulness and controllability. Therefore, its territory can be reduced and its losses can be limited. Descriptive-analytical research method and in the form of a library, in order to respond to the shortcomings of police approaches in the criminological investigation of corruption and the effect of the justice system approach on the dispersion and criminological diversity of this crime, the causes of corruption and ways to deal with it are considered. Corruption can be committed in various areas and levels. The duty of judicial officers is to identify, detect and introduce the perpetrators of all kinds of corruption to the competent judicial authority and to prevent crime through round-the-clock monitoring at the community level. The police approach to disciplinary prevention in terms of its characteristics, including action, orderliness and citizenship is possible through the use of new and specialized structures, functions and training. The purpose of this structural change in judicial officers is to create transparency and benefit from the maximum power of the law enforcement agency or police in the fight against corruption and to play a role on behalf of the criminal justice system in the administrative field. Accuracy and efficiency of laws and their least impact from private interactions of administrative officials and senior managers, allocation of sufficient resources by the government to target groups (prevention police) to train and equip supplies, internal police cleansing, development of accountability framework, proper control of procedures to ensure police performance Developing codes of ethics for government employees and on-the-job training and internalizing the culture of anti-corruption and anti-corruption, establishing mechanisms to detect and suppress corruption in law and inverting the positive evidence of corruption is a new approach that despite its change in the current system of proof, Proper in cleaning up the root of corruption.

The study is an analysis of the reluctance of Zimbabwe Republic Police to use Radio Communication systems. The establishment of the Zimbabwe Republic Police saw the development and use of information technology perceptible in nearly all levels of organisational operations including patrolling, crime detection and crime prevention. The target population was 714 police officers responsible for policing in Mutare Central District and use Radio Telecommunication system in their day today duties. They are also in agreement that a minimum of 10% of population can represent a total population to be a valid sample. In this study, the sample size used is 10% of 714 Police officers in Mutare Central District which translate to 71 police officers which is a representative of the target population. The researcher used a questionnaire which had opened ended questions and closed questions. The research also unearthed the challenge of handheld batteries which quickly get used up thereby causing police officer to go on patrol without the radios. Thus, perceived usefulness and ease of use as depicted in the Acceptance Technology Model which is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action are parameters that are considered when determining the use of a technology. The research recommended that the Zimbabwe Republic Police as an organisation should support the Information Communication Technology Department by availing funds to source for state of the art and sufficient radio communication equipment that would attract all members of the organization to use them in their day to day activities. Training on the use of newly acquired radio communication equipment should be conducted at Depot by Information and Communication Technology Training Wing and refresher programmes regularly conducted various Provincial Updating Centres to both seasoned and junior members of the organisation. Any member who attains the rank of an officer must undergo Signals orientation course through Staff College. This would necessitate acceptance and perceived ease of use of the radio communication systems.