فهرست مطالب

Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Volume:24 Issue: 1, Aug 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1399/09/16
  • تعداد عناوین: 25
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  • Alireza Mooghali, Bahador Kazemi* Page 1

    The aim of this study was to design and explain a social entrepreneurship model in the field of health. In the present descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population of the qualitative section of the health and health sector experts consisted of all the employees of the health area. The qualitative sampling was purposeful judgments. The sampling of a small, simple random sample with Morgan's table consisted of 290 health workers. In order to collect data, Delphi method was used in qualitative section and a questionnaire was used in the quantitative section. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages) and inferential methods (Pearson’s correlation coefficient and factor analysis) were used to analyse data. SPSS 16.0 and Amos 8.5 software programs were used. The results of this research indicated that different aspects of financing, promoting entrepreneurship level awareness and identifying entrepreneurship opportunities have a positive and significant effect on social entrepreneurship in the field of health. In conclusion, by enhancing and appropriate financing arrangements, one can promote the level of entrepreneurial consciousness and identify entrepreneurial opportunities that are in fact the gate to enter entrepreneurship

    Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Social entrepreneurship, Health
  • Abdol Rashid Amanjani, Reza Zandi*, Saeed Saber Samandari Page 2

    Due to the existence of different races and ethnicities and their different life styles, anatomical structure of people vary from one region of the world to another. The goal of this study is to determine the anterior femoral bowing to length ratio, which can be useful for planning major medical and therapeutic projects as well as designing medical equipment (including nails, orthoses and prosthetics). Lateral X-rays of femur bones of 250 patients who referred to Taleghani hospital in recent years (2011-2016) were retrieved from hospital archives and studied. 150 patients were females and 100 were males, ages ranging from 16 to 57 years old. All patients were Iranians with different ethnical backgrounds that referred to radiology centers of Tehran and Taleghani hospital and their records were saved in these centers archive. Based on femoral length, X-rays were categorized into eight groups; 300mm, 320mm, 340mm, 360mm, 380mm, 400mm, 420mm and 440mm, which are standards for manufacturing femoral nails in Iran as well as imported nails to Iran. Results showed significant difference compared to available femoral nails on the Iranian market, which indicates that these nails are not standard for Iranian population. Data analysis was based on anterior femoral bowing to length ratio alone. Gender and age were not considered for data analysis in this study and results were conclusive for all ages and genders.

    Keywords: Femoral nail, Anterior bowing of femur, Iranian population, Femur
  • Azamx Noori Frothagh, Akhtar amali *, Nadergholi Gourchian Page 3
    Background

    Educational environments are an integral part of the development of educational programs. Therefore, to improve the quality of clinical education environment, its status should always be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of teaching environment and learning the aids of cardiology residents of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

    Materials and Methods

    The study was a descriptive study, which evaluates the quality of the learning environment - the teaching of cardiology residents in a full-scale way. 33 people were included in the study. The questionnaire consisted of two sections of demographic information and 50 questions in five areas of learning, professors, student perception of their academic ability, educational atmosphere, student perception of their social conditions. Face validity was determined by medical education specialists and its reliability was 0.83 in Cronbach's alpha. Data was entered into SPSS-25 software and analyzed by descriptive methods and Independent t-test.

    Result

    The average scores earned in five areas were 4.99 out of a total of 200 points, which was relatively favorable with a tendency towards positive. In comparison with the educational groups, there was a significant difference in the attitude toward the teacher (p<0.01) and the individual's attitude toward their academic ability (p<0.01) between the second and third year residents. This was relatively favorable with a tendency towards positive. In comparison with the educational groups, there was a significant difference in the attitude toward the teacher (p <0.01) and the individual's attitude toward their academic ability (p <0.01) between the second and third year residents.

    Conclusion

    Although the quality of teaching and learning environment of the cardiology residents of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences tends to be positive and relatively favorable, but there is room for change. Therefore, the attention of the professors to create an appropriate educational environment should be emphasized on qualitative criteria in assessing the professional capabilities of the students

    Keywords: Quality, Teaching, learning environment, Assessment, DREEM
  • Mahdiyeh Sarraf-Razavi, Mahdiyeh Rahmanian *, Maryam Zamani, Parivash Purabassi, Sara Ramezani, Hadis Ghaffari Khaligh Page 4
    Background

    Self-esteem, the value we place on ourselves, has been associated with effects on health, and life satisfaction. Many studies reported that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from low self-esteem has been associated with negative life outcomes. The present study investigated neural correlation of self-esteem in this group compared with typically developing children using the event-related potentials (ERP).

    Materials and Methods

    A total number of 10 children with ADHD were compared with 10 typically developing children matched with their age, gender and IQs. We employed the event-related potential (ERP) technique to explore neural manifestations of implicit self-esteem using the Go/Nogo association task (GNAT). Participants generated a response (Go) or withheld a response (Nogo) to self-words and good or bad attributed.

    Result

    ERP results showed delayed N200 response in frontal areas in bad condition in normal children compared to ADHD children (p <0.05), indicating positive self-esteem.

    Conclusion

    The present study provides neural evidence for probably low self-esteem in ADHD children.

    Keywords: ADHD, Event-related potentials (ERP), N200 component, Self-esteem
  • Fatemeh Ferdowsi, Anousheh Haghigh, Mitra Barati, Fatemeh Shirani, Hossein Keyvani, Mehri Naghdalipour, Nahid Kianmehr* Page 5
    Background

    The role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in triggering or exacerbating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains a subject of debate. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence rate of CMV infection between individuals with and without SLE.

    Materials and Methods

    This cross-sectional comparative study recruited 52 consecutive patients with SLE (based on the criteria determined by the Systemic Lupus Collaborating Clinics, 2012) and 52 healthy subjects. The exclusion criteria were immunodeficiency and other background diseases. CMV infection was assessed according to serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

    Results

    Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was positive in all participants. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) was positive in eight SLE patients (15.4%) and none of the controls (p = 0.003). The PCR was positive in four SLE patients (7.7%) and none of the controls (p = 0.041). IgM level was not related to age, gender, literacy, marital status, family history, SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), or duration of the disease (p > 0.05).

    Conclusion

    According to this study, CMV infection was higher in SLE patients but was not related to the type of organ involvement, type of immunosuppressive drug, or SLEDAI.

    Keywords: Cytomegalovirus, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Infection
  • Mohammad Hossein Shabahrami, Farideh Dokaneh-I Fard* Page 6

    Psychologists believe that there is a relationship between personality and criminal behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality disorders and criminal thinking styles in prisoners convicted of violent crimes. To what extent is there a link between the types of personality disorder, the type of criminal thinking style, and the type of crime in prisoners convicted of violent crime? Is there a relationship between personality disorders in prisoners convicted of violent crimes and their gender? To what extent is there a relationship between the type of personality disorder of prisoners and the frequency of committing violent crimes? These are the factors that led to the research. The research method is a descriptive-correlational study, in which a sample of 996 offenders were selected in terms of demographic characteristics. Data were collected using a questionnaire in two sections: demographic information and Christian Texas Intellectual Thinking Questionnaires and Millon Personality Disorder. The results show that there is a relationship between the type of personality disorder and the type of crime in prisoners sentenced to violent crimes. Different styles of criminal thinking lead to certain forms of violent crime. It was observed that based on tables and inferential tests, different criminal thinking styles are related to the prevalence of different types of crime. It has been clearly observed that some disorders are more common among women offenders and others are more common among men. However, there are some disorders that are similar in men and women. Different styles of criminal thinking relate differently to the number of crimes, the history of the crime, and the history of the same crime, and this shows that different styles of criminal thinking can create different patterns in the commission of a crime.

    Keywords: Personality disorders, Criminal thinking, Violent crimes
  • Elnaz lak *, Elena Lak, Mahmod Hashemitabar, Mahsa Afrogh, Kamran Nasirzadeh, Fatemeh Shamolaghamsari Page 7

    Infertility is one of the developing problems in most countries and it has a lot of problems, which can be emotional, social and political. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is the first line Assisted Reproduction Treatment (ART) modality for infertile couples because this method is inexpensive and non-invasive, which is effective for the treatment of couples with unexplained infertility or patient with normal or mild male factor. Two methods, mainly considered as laboratory techniques for improving the quality of sperm, includes Swim-Up (SU) and Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC). The SU is a common technique in IVF labs, and is mainly performed in a sample of semen having normal sperm concentration. In this technique, sperms are selected based on their motility and their capacity to leave the semen plasma. In the DGC method, sperms are selected based on the density, motile sperm are separated from dead sperms, leukocytes and other high-density semen plasmatic compounds. The aim of this method is thus to select sperms with high motility and morphology rates. Therefore,  the aim of the present study is to compare  the effect of these two methods on the outcome in intrauterine insemination  in different groups, including normal samples (< 60 million (type1)) and 20-60 million/ml (type2), oligospermia (type3) and  asthenospermia (type4), in patients referred to the Infertility Center. The present experimental study was performed on 545 couples  who referred to the Infertility Research and Treatment Center, in 2016 for infertile reasons and were in a good status in terms of general health. Processing of sperm was done by two common methods, swim-up and Density Gradient Centrifugation according WHO. Our study showed the effectiveness of the Density gradient-Swim up technique compared to Swim-up as a sperm preparation method with a favourable IUI success.

    Keywords: Infertility, Intrauterine insemination, Sperm
  • Leila Salek Ebrahimi, Imaneh Abasi, Sogand Ghasemzadeh, Abolfazl Mohammadi, Mohsen Saberi Isfeedvajani, Abbas Masjedi Arani* Page 8
    Objectives

    This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on anxiety-depressive symptoms and emotion regulation in child laborers.

    Materials & Methods

    This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on child laborers.The obtained data were collected from 15 participants in the experimental and 15inthe control group. The members of control group didn’t receive any intervention. The participants in experimental group received the cognitive-behavioral group therapy based on"coping cat" program. The treatment consisted of 18 weeks of 90-min sessions meeting once a week. Participants of two groups completed the Revised Child Anxiety andDepression Scale (R-CADS) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-child version (CERQ-K) before andafter intervention and threemonths later.

    Results

    Repeated measurement ofANOVA indicated that the CBT significantly decreased depressive-anxiety symptoms and negative emotion regulation strategies as well as increased positive emotion regulation strategies. Furthermore, results yielded moderate to large effect sizes for improvement of dependent variables.

    Conclusion

    This study showed significant differences in anxiety-depressive symptoms and emotion regulation between two groups. Therefore,CBT seems to be an effective intervention in child laborers. However when applying this intervention, the special cultural, social, educational and economic conditions of these children must be considered.

    Keywords: Cognitive behavioral group therapy, Anxiety, Depression, Child labor
  • Mohammad Fathi, Mohsen Soori, Fariborz Rashnoo*, Esmaeil Hajinasrollah Page 9
    Background

    The association between cholecystectomyand abnormal lipids and later increase in the risk of diseases related to dyslipidemia showed controversial results. Thisstudy aims to evaluate theassociation of lipid profile and VitaminD level before and after cholecystectomy.

    Materials and Methods

    Ninety-eightpatients with symptomatic gallstones were studied prospectively. Plasma concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and vitamin D was analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively after six months of cholecystectomy. None of the patients received any lipid-lowering drug or dietary restriction.

    Results

    Sixty-seven (68.4%) female and 31 (31.6%) male patients were studied for six months. There was a significant increase in total serum cholesterol besides a significant decrease in vitamin D and HDL serum level after six months. Also, there was a non-significant increase in the serum level of LDL and triglyceride. In stone based sub analysis the same results achieved.

    Conclusion

    There was a significant decrease in plasma concentration of vitamin D and HDL and the significantincrease in cholesterol , triglyceride,andLDL in cholecystectomy patients postoperatively. These changes in plasma lipids and VitaminD are likely to have a significant effect on the development of differentdisease related to dyslipidemia such as coronaryartery disease and low bone density after cholecystectomy in the long term.

    Keywords: Cholesterol, Cholecystectomy, Triglycerides, vitamin D
  • AfshinMousavi Chalak, Aref Riahi* Page 10
    Introduction

    Scientific databases are one of the most important information resources in academic community and can play determinative role in different aims and goals of student. This studyaimed to determine the rate of using, awareness and satisfaction of scientific database among student of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

    Materials and Methods

    This study is an applied-survey study and hasbeen done duringthe2016-2017 educational period. Self-questionnaire that made according to reviewof internal and external resources about the subject (in 6-sections), and its reliability and validity being approved, distributedamong 238 Students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences(Master, PhD, Doctors and Medical residents). To analysis data, we use descriptive statistics, statistical test and SPSS 16.

    Results

    Findingsshow that most of student use scientific database because of clinical activities (average of 4.27). Also we funded that most knowledgelevel of those students about database were ISI (average of 4.43) and they used Pubmed more than other database (4.30). Also the highest satisfaction rate of database was ISI (4.28) and “unfamiliarity with the Englishlanguage "funded as the most barriers related to use of scientific database.

    Conclusion

    Rate of using, awareness and satisfaction of scientificdatabaseamong student of Mazandaran University of Medical Scienceswas more than average and close to high level. Mazandaran Medical Science University by planning and tacking suitable policy and also destroy of barriers and challenges can provided better conditionsof student's using scientific database and created causeof growth of their scientific and professional developments.

    Keywords: Information resource, Online database, Scientific database, Student
  • Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi, Adis Kraskian Mujembari*, PeymanHassani Abharian, Sara Pashang Page 11
    Introduction

    Acceptance and commitment therapy [ACT] can enhance psychological flexibility and subsequently improve mental health and quality of life of individuals. Also,recovery of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) dependson several physical and psychological factors. Therefore, the authors aimed to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on quality of life of women with chronic low back pain.

    Materials and Methods

    It was a semi-experimental research in pre-test and post-test design together with control group. Participants were 14 women with chronic low back pain attending clinical centers and hospitals of Rasht who were selected by convenience sampling. Next, they were randomly assigned to experimental (ACT+ usual medical care) and the control group (usual medical care only).Then,experimental group received ACT for 8 one-hour sessions. To analyze the data, covariance analysis wasused.The instrument was self-reported by the World Health Organization's quality of life. Data analysis was performed using analysis of independent t-test.

    Results

    Results indicated reduction effect in pain severity in the patients who practiced 8 sessions ACT reported significantly lower pain than patients who only received usual medical care. Also, the results shows that except of subscale of physical health (p< 0.38) there was significant increase in all other subscales of quality of life in experimental group (p< 0.001).

    Conclusion

    The results show that acceptance and commitment therapy reduces pain severity and improves thequality of life and recommends use of coping strategic with pain in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).Counsellingof treatment counsellors and family therapistsrecommended a counselling centers and family education classes in order to improve quality of life of female patients with CLBP.

    Keywords: Acceptance, commitment therapy, Chroniclow back Pain, Quality of life, Women
  • Bahareh kashanimovahhed, Alireza Bahrami*, Mohammad Bodaghabadi, Masoumeh Shokri Page 12

    Scientific and international assemblies now consider active aging as an important concept in an aging positive approach. The goal ofthis study is to evaluateactive aging condition in the elderly in Tehran and its relative factors. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive research,which is performed in June and July 2018. The sample includes 131 old adults (people with the age of 60 or more than 60) living in Shemiranat area of Tehran. These people are selected via two-stage cluster sampling. Data-gathering tool includes “active aging”questionnaire, “life satisfaction in elderly” questionnaire and demographic data of old adults.Data analysis is performed by SPSS software and also using descriptivestatistics, t-test and Pearson correlation.In this study, data suggest that only 9.2 % of case study were at the higher level of aging.According to six index of active aging,most respondent status wereweak in “active mind maintenance”and “social-institutional participation” and were average in “agent attitude”, “physical-functional activity”, “social contacts” and “productive engagement”. There were reverse and meaningful relation between age and number of children variables andactive aging (p≤0.05)and there were positive and meaningful relation between education, occupation and income level variables (p≤0.05). However,there were no meaningful relation between sex and marital status (p≥0.05). The results of this study also suggest that there is positive and meaningful relation between “life satisfaction of elderly” and “active aging” (p≤0.05).According to low level of active aging in old adult of Tehran, this issue needs to be addressed by the authorities. Therefore, it is necessaryto consider and modify the needed solutions to improve the level of active aging and special services for this group in the future planning of the country. Onthe other hand, considering the concept of active aging has recently been raised in the scientific community, researchers need to plan and implement more extensive studied in this area.

    Keywords: Elderly, Active aging, Life satisfaction
  • Samira Ameli, Saber Ghaderi, Maryam Aslezaker, Mohammad Hassan Davazdah Emami*, Hossein Dadashzadeh Page 13
    Introduction

    Thispurposeof this studyis to investigate the relationship between autistic traits and attachment styles, and also the mediating role of empathy.

    Materials and Methods

    254 students of Tehran’s universities were chosen by using cluster-sampling method. After that, the demographic questionnaire, Close Relationship-Revised Questionnaire (ECR-R), Autism Spectrum Quotient–Short (AQ-S), and The Empathy Quotient-Short (EQ-S) forms were distributed amongst them in order to be filled.

    Results

    Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient indicated that there is a significant relationship between the components of autistic traits with empathy, and avoidance and anxiety attachment. Also, there was a significant relationship between empathy and avoidance and anxiety attachment. Chi-square, SRMR, and other indexes indicate that empathy mediates the relationship between the autistic traits with the anxiety and avoidance attachment styles.

    Conclusion

    According to the results, it can be concluded in the way that individuals with high autistic traits have lower empathy. Individuals, who report more anxiety and avoidance attachment, are less likely to have empathy in their relationships. As a final point, the high autistic traits are correlatedwith anxiety and avoidance attachment through their association with low empathy.

    Keywords: Autistic traits, Attachment styles, Empathy, Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
  • Younes Parvaz, Maryam Bakhtiari*, Abbas Masjedi Arani, Maryam AsleZaker Page 14
    Introduction

    This study aimed to predict emotional divorce based on metacognitive beliefs and psychological flexibility.

    Materials and Methods

    The type of study was cross-sectional.The target populationwas the totalmarried individuals in Tehran. Usingcluster random sampling 467 married people (282 women, 185 man) were chosen to complete the Gottman emotional divorce scale, Meta Cognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), acceptance and commitment inventory and demographic information sheet.

    Results

    findingsshowed that metacognitive beliefs and psychological flexibility had a significant relationship (p <0.01) with emotional divorce. These variables accounted for 24%of variance in emotional divorce. Negative metacognitions had a positive significant relationship with emotional divorce.In other words,by incremental level of negative metacognitions the rate of emotional divorce will increase. Also, positive metacognitions and psychological flexibility had a negative significant relationship with emotional divorce. Results showed that by increasing in level of psychological flexibility and applying Positive metacognitions instead of negative metacognitions the rate of emotional divorce will diminish.

    Conclusion

    The current study support empirical evidence that a significant relationship does exist between aforementioned constructs. Given the implications of this research, by modifying of metacognitive beliefs and increasing psychological flexibility, the marital relationship can be improved. Thereby diminishing emotional divorce in couples.

    Keywords: Emotional divorce, Metacognitive beliefs, Psychological flexibility
  • Nahid Shahabi*, Fatemeh Rakhshani Page 15
    Background & Aims

    Providingqualified careservicewith proper education and information for clients is promising. Nurses are the primary providersof most healthcaresin the health system and they have a considerable power to affect thequalityof healthcare. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of educational workshop on educational and informational skills of nurses working in hospitals in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.

    Materials & Methods

    This research was conducted as semi-empirical with control group in April-May 2014. Samples included 181 nurses working in hospitals in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. They were selected by random sampling from the list of nursing staffs in nursing office of aliIbnAbiTalib(98) and Khatam(83) hospitals. Questionnaire was developed based on expected skills for patient education.To determine the validity of the questionnaire, it was given to 8 experts and CVR and CVI were obtained as 0.93 and 0.89 and for reliability the Cronbach's alpha was 0.86. After the data collection phase, a workshop was held and after waiting two months, data was recollected.

    Results

    Theinterventionincreasedscoresof nurses, Informationalskills 8%and educationalskills24%.

    Conclusion

    Educational and informational skills, which are important factors in improving the quality of services delivery, can increase through effective educational interventions.

    Keywords: Educational, Workshop, Informational, Skill, Nurses
  • Leila Salek Ebrahimi, Seyedeh Elnaz Mousavi*, Soheila Belal Habashi, Jafar Hasani Page 16
    Introduction

    Ruminations are one of the influencing factors in the development and continuation of obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobias. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the rumination between man and women with obsessive-compulsive disorder and social anxiety.

    Materials & Methods

    The research design was cross-sectional. The research participants included 30 patients with social anxiety disorder and 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were aged between 15 and 50 years from Zanjancity in 2017.Sampleswere selected on the basis of psychiatrist diagnosis and structured diagnostic interviews (SCID-I) and (SCID-II), and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The rumination response style questionnaire (RRS) was used to measure the variables.

    Results

    The results of MANOVA showed that women with OCD have more rumination and distraction than men with this disorder (p≤0.05). However,there was no significantdifference between two groups regarding the component of contemplation. There wasno significant difference between men and women in social anxiety disorder in terms of rumination and its related components.

    Conclusion

    According to research findings, rumination plays an important role in obsessive-compulsive disorder and social anxiety, which are experienced by both groups. Therefore, the role of ruminations in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder is more intense.

    Keywords: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Social anxiety, Ruminations, Women, Men
  • Reza Zandi, Mohammad Reza Minator Sajjadi, Mohammad Ali Okhovatpour, Mehrdad Sadighi, AdelEbrahimpour*, Pooyan Jalalpour Page 17

    Fractures of the distal femur may be extraarticular or have an intra articular component.Mismanagement of any of these fractures can result in abnormalities of alignment of the load-bearing axis of lower limb and/or rotational deformities. Essentially all supracondylar femurfractures require operative intervention because of the severe potential risks of prolonged bed rest.Yet,despite their proven trackrecord and benefits over older implants, technical errors arecommonand must be overcome with proper preoperative planning andintra-operative attention to details.The goal of this study was to present an update on the management of these fractures.

    Keywords: Distal femur, Fracture, Surgery
  • Hossein Hatami, Zhaleh Mohsenifar, Amir Salimi* Page 18
    Introduction

    Frozen section is mainly performed to determine malignity, so it is of fundamental importance to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of frozen sections performed for each group of tissues in order toreduce false diagnoses, unnecessary surgeries and followingunwanted complications. This study is conducted to evaluate the diagnosticaccuracy of frozen section performed on ovary tissue compared to permanent sections.

    Materials and Methods

    In this retrospective study, we evaluate frozen sections performed at Taleghani hospital pathology department in five yearsandtheir results were compared with permanent sections’ results to calculate sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value. In cases which results were discordant,we check for probable reasons.

    Results

    83species were evaluatedfrom patients with a mean age of 42.9 years; the smallest was 19 andthe oldest was 86 years old(Std. dev: 12.84). 75cases of frozen sections were benign(90.4%) and8 cases were malignant. 73cases of permanent sectionswere benign(88%) and10 cases were malignant(12%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value rates were 66%, 100%, 100% and 96.55% respectively.

    Conclusions

    This study shows the importanceof cooperation between pathologist and surgeons that they can prevent unnecessary surgeries. Inour study the only cases of discordancy were borderline tumorsandthe diagnostic accuracy for all other species were perfect.

    Keywords: Frozen section, Permanent section, Concordance, Discordance, Intraoperative consultation
  • Ali Ramezankhani, Ameneh Pooresmaeil*, Sakineh Rakhshandehrou, Soheila Khodakarim Page 19
    Introduction

    Nowadays, high blood pressure is a major risky factor for heart disease, stroke and kidney diseases and education is one of the effective factors that reduces high blood pressure. This study was designed and conducted to compare the effects of group discussion and lecture methods on preventive behaviors of high blood pressure in Eslamshahr school students’ mothers.Materials &

    Methods

    In this experimental study, a two-stagecluster samplingwas conducted and 168 students were selected. Then, these students were divided into three groups of 56 members each. In addition, their mothers were invited to participate in the study. Samples into three groups (two case groups and a control group) were divided into three stages and with a questionnaire which consists of demographic information questions and questions related to knowledge, attitude, behavior developed by the researcher, were evaluated. provide educationalcontent, lectures and group discussion methods were toused. Data collected using software SPSS-21 and ANOVA, chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used.

    Results

    The test showed significant differences between the two methods in the confidence level of 0.95, so that the ratings of knowledge and attitudes and preventive behaviors were higher in grou discussion (p<0.001). These results suggest that education in group discussion in comparison with lecture method is more effective and encouraging.

    Conclusion

    The results showed that the group discussion method is more effectivethan lecture is.therefore recommended to pay more attention to high blood pressure in mothers, in this educational method, especially in the education of preventive behaviors.

    Keywords: High blood pressure, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior, Education
  • Faramarz Mosaffa, Shideh Dabir*, Nima Tavakoli, Behnam Hosseini, Amir Sabaghzadeh Page 20
    Introduction

    The pneumatic thigh tourniquets are routinely used in below knee orthopedic surgeries to provide a bloodless operative field. Moderate to severe thigh pain following tourniquet inflation is a common patient complaint that can be so severe that necessitate general anesthesia. In the present study, we assessed the effectiveness of a single dose fascia iliaca block on thigh tourniquet pain during unilateral orthopedic foot and ankle surgery performed under popliteal sciatic nerve block.

    Materials and Methods

    Seventy-two American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of spinal anesthesia and fascia iliaca block. Spinal anesthesia was provided with 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Fascia iliaca and popliteal blocks were performed under the guidance of ultrasound using 30mlof 1.5% lidocaine and 20 ml of lidocaine 1.5% with epinephrine 1:200000, respectively.

    Results

    Intraoperative tourniquet pain and the use of analgesics were significantly higher and patient satisfaction was significantly lower in the fascia iliaca block group than in the spinal anesthesia group.

    Conclusion

    Fascia iliaca blockalone was inadequate for relieving thigh tourniquet pain during surgery. However, for patients who are not suitable for spinal or general anesthesia, it can be used with supplementary intravenous analgesia fortolerance ofthigh tourniquet in foot and ankle surgeries performing under popliteal sciatic nerve block.

    Keywords: Thigh pain, Ultrasonography, Nerve block, Fascia iliaca block, Lower extremity
  • Shahab Banihashem, Mehdi Arabzadeh*, Mohsen Ghotbi Page 21
    Introduction

    Thyroid cancer can affect the quality of life of patients and no validated study has been conducted to evaluate the quality of life in patients with thyroid cancer in Iran. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of quality of life in patients with thyroid cancer treated with radioactive iodine.

    Materials and Methods

    According toa prospective longitudinal study, quality of life and mood in these patients were studied by two questionnaires: Short Form Health Survey(SF36) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) provided to the patients by the researcher. The questionnaires were completed one month before iodine injection, on the day of injection, at the end of the second week, and sixth month after radioactive iodine injection. The patients were treated in two groups of 100 and 150 μ Curie. After completing the questionnaires, the resulting scores at four different time points were evaluated and compared.

    Results

    The mean SF36 scores were lower than one month before iodine intake and after 6 months, the mean scores were lower than one month before iodine intake. The mean HADS scores one month after iodine intake were not significantly different from the time of iodine intake, but after two weeks, anxiety and depression were reduced, and the result continued till the sixth months. No difference was found in the levels of anxiety and depression between the doses of 100 and 150 μ Curie.

    Conclusion

    The highest level of anxiety and depression and quality of life during the first two weeks of iodine intake reduced with time and iodine intake dose did not affect it.

    Keywords: Thyroid cancer, Radioactive iodine, Quality of life
  • Seyed Mohammad Reza Nejatollahi, Maryam Khoshkholgh Sima*, Habibollah Peirovi, Farhad Niaghi Page 22
    Introduction

    Blood flow and hemodynamic of the transplanted liver has an important predictive role in the survival of the patients. We aimed to determine the diagnostic value of early post-operative color doppler ultrasonography (CDU) for detecting vascular complications following liver transplantation at our center.

    Materials and Methods

    In this prospective study, consecutive patients who underwent deceased donor liver transplantation between March 2016 and March 2017 were enrolled. Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed within the first week following surgery. The follow-up CDU was performed after 1 year from the liver transplantation. Using the findings of follow up CDU as the reference standard, we calculated values of the capability of the initial CDU in the diagnosis of the hepatic artery, portal vein and intrahepatic veins' stenosis, including the level of agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy.

    Results

    The data of 50 patients were analyzed in this study (mean age=38.9±13.2 years, 26 [52%] men). Inthe initial ultrasonography, 16 cases had hepatic artery stenosis, 4 cases had portal vein stenosis and 4 patients had IVC stenosis. The diagnostic value of the early postoperative CDU forhepatic artery stenosis, portal vein stenosis, and other vascular stenosis were 71.9, 96.0, and 62.0, respectively.

    Conclusion

    Early post-operative CDU is a safe and feasible method that can detect the development of hepatic artery or portal vein stenosis in liver transplant recipients with a low to moderate positive predictive value and a high negative predictive value.

    Keywords: Liver transplantation, Color doppler ultrasonography, Portal vein stenosis, Hepatic artery stenosis, Diagnosis
  • Alireza Rezayi, Fariba Farnaghi*, Shiva Sadeghian, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Nasim Zamani, Latif Gachkar, Narges Gholami Page 23
    Introduction

    Lead is a highly neurotoxic metal mainly in early life. In this study weinvestigate blood lead level (BLL) in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and some related factors mainly opium exposure, as a source of lead exposure in recent years in Iran.

    Materials and Methods

    In this cross-sectional descriptive study children & adolescents aged < 18 years in Child Neurology Clinic of Loghman Hakim hospital with ADHD criteria according to DMS-V in Tehran-Iran were studied. Lead Care II checked BLLs using 0.5-milliliter heparinzed venous blood. Demographics characteristic and some related factors such as old housing, parents’job, pica, opium exposure were asked and analyzed.

    Results

    Fifty-one children and adolescents <18 years,25.5% female and 74.5% male with mean ages of 71.4+30.3 months entered the study. Mean BLL was 6.34+2.63μg/dl. The mean BLL in100 normal children in Loghman Hakim hospital was 3.4 μg/dl.Mean BLL was 57/6μg/dl in boys and60/6μg/dl in girls, (p=0.973). Also, the difference in mean BLLs were not significant in terms of living place, sex, age, pica and parents job. Totally, 43 patients (84.3%) of thestudy samples had BLL ≥5 μg/dl.The highest blood leadlevel in our patient was20.1 μg/dl. Eighteen (32.7%) of our patientshave positive history foropium exposure in their familythat BLL in this group was5.84μg/dl in comparison 6.95μg/dl in cases with no opium exposure, that there were not statistically significant. (p=0.148)

    Conclusion

    Based on the results of our study, clinicians are encouraged to take accurately attention about possible lead exposure and to rule out environmental hazards when evaluating for ADHD, particularly in young children and laboratory investigation for this toxin in high-risk cases and further researches recommended.

    Keywords: Lead poisoning, ADHD, Opium exposure, Children
  • Sorayya Rezayi, Ali Asghar Safaei*, Nilofar mohammadzadeh Page 24
    Introduction

    The timely and managed intervention reduces the consequences of disease and sudden death among the patients in emergency conditions. Monitoring the patients in emergency conditions requires rapid and appropriate decisions to save their lives. The present study aimed at modeling the wearable smart blanket system for monitoring the patients in the emergency conditions of ambulance.

    Materials and Methods

    The present study was based on an applied and descriptive-developmental design. Firstly, the requirements and features of wearable smart blanket system were elicited and secondly a smart blanket system was modeled by using the UML charts and elicited requirements. Finally, the designed architecture was evaluated using ARID scenario-based method.

    Results

    The functional requirements of wearable smart blanket system with its data elements and physical-structural features of this system as well as non-functional requirements were elicited. Based on the requirements and data elements elicited from the questionnaire, class diagram, activity, use-case diagram, sequence, deployment, and component were drawn. Then, using the UML and the relationships between components, systems, and users from the structural and behavioral perspectives used the ARID scenario-based evaluation method to indicate that the designed architecture couldprovide the expected scenarios from the proposed system.

    Conclusion

    Wearable smart blanket system collects the data related to medical signals by the sensors installed on the blanket and such data are processed by the smart system. Therefore, it can be concluded that the design of this system makes it possible to monitor and control patients in risky conditions with better quality and to integrate vital signs. The analyzing biological data makes it easy for doctors to take early diagnosis and interventions.

    Keywords: Wearable technology, Physiological parameters monitoring, Modeling, Smart systems
  • Morteza Abdoljabari, Mahdi Fani, Seyyed Majid Ghoreishi, Ali Rajabzadeh, Marzieh Karamkhani* Page 25
    Introduction

    All divine religions have paid a special attention to the preservation of life. In a similar vein, the last monotheistic religion, Islam, has emphasized the need to respect this right and the need to preserve human life. Some solutions have always been proposed on the need to respect and exercise this right. All divine religions are against euthanasia and the views of its opponents and euthanasia has been interdicted in many verses in the Quran. The current study was an attempt to demonstrate the importance of preservation of life from the perspective of Islam and to examine this issue from a religious point of view and the emphasis on the need to preserve human life

    Materials and Methods

    The study adopted a descriptive-analytical design. In line with this design, various books on Islamic sciences, interpretation, narrations, and jurisprudence were consulted. Furthermore, using the databases, related papers were also consulted.

    Results

    According to Islam, God is the genuine owner of human bodies and lives. Humans cannot jeopardize their lives and perform euthanasia without a legitimate reason based onjurisprudence or wisdom but should use their life in line with the goal of creation, i.e., to serve God. The importance of preservation of life is primarily recognized by wisdom1. The Holy Quran and Islamic narrations have also recognized the need to preserve human life. Islamic scientists (clergymen) have also emphasized its obligation.

    Conclusion

    Human beings are obliged to avert dangers and do their best to preserve their lives. Every action, which may lead to euthanasia, is against wisdom Islamic jurisprudence.

    Keywords: Euthanasia, Islamic jurisprudence, Obligation, Preservation of life