فصلنامه پژوهش های تجربی حسابداری
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 37، پاییز 1399)

The effect of overvalued equity on the relation berween benchmark beating and unexpected accruals In this study, the impact of overvaluation on the relation between benchmark beating and unexpected accruals in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. Our sample was a group of 105 companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange and range of our data was years from 1388 to 1395, respectively. To analyze data and test hypotheses, multivariate regression model was used. Results show that there is no relation between overvaluation and unexpected accruals. Also we found that there is a relation between benchmark beating and unexpected accruals, which these results are in compliance with results of Coulton et al (2015) and Farajzadeh et al (1394). Finally, we found that overvaluation has an impact on the relation between benchmark beating and unexpected accruals, which these results are in compliance with results of Coulton et al (2015).

The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the existence of earnings manipulation in financially distressed companies, as well as the role of existence of governmental ownership in modifying this relationship. For this purpose, firstly the sample companies were selected among the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (the statistical population), through screening method (applying the conditions in the population), and then, based on the considered variables using Benford Law, the existence or absence of earnings manipulation in each group of companies was examined. The hypotheses test results based on the data (648 year-company) of the audited financial statements of the sample companies for a 9-year period (2008 to 2016) indicate that managers of financially distressed companies have manipulated the earnings, and in fact, the earnings figures in these types of companies do not follow Benford Law, and if the companies have an governmental ownership, there is no change in non-compliance of companies with Benford Law. and if the companies have an audit committee, there is no change in non-compliance of companies with Benford Law.

Career choice has become a complex science, with the advent of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and acquired knowledge on the profession. Factors influencing carer choice could be intrinsic or extrinsic. The influence of these factors on different cognitive styles is mixed and different cultures tend to have different cognitive styles. In this research, accounting career-choice factors, considering the dimensions of cultural values, have been investigated. The present study is quantitative and is included in the descriptive research group. The Hofstede Cultural Attitude Questionnaire (1980) has been used to collect data. The sample included 143 students in the first semester of the year 2018-2019. Data were analyzed using discriminant analysis. The results show that Parental influence, Teachers’ influence, Peers’ influence, and Association with others in the field are associated with that students who are characterized by large power distance and collectivism. Likewise, the "beliefs" and "material" factors does not affect students’ intentions of choosing accounting career in cultures characterized by collectivism and strong uncertainty avoidance.

Considering the importance of maintaining cash and comparing financial statements in the capital market, this research seeks to investigate the impact of the characteristics of the company on the relationship between the ability to compare the financial statements of corporate cash holdings. Company features include financial constraints, financial reporting quality and ownership concentration. In order to achieve the research goals, the period of 1391 to 1395 was tested. In this research, multiple linear regression has been used using panel data. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between comparability of financial statements and cash holdings. On the basis of the findings, there was a negative and significant correlation between ownership concentration and financial reporting quality on the relationship between comparability of financial statements and cash holdings. Meanwhile, the financing limitation on the relationship between comparability of financial statements and cash holdings did not have a significanteffect. Keywords: ability to compare financial statements, cash holdings, fiscal constraints, financial reporting quality, concentration

The review of literature on the theoretical foundations of corporate governance suggests that agency theory has been the dominant theoretical framework in this context. Some scholars, by proposing the argument that this theory has paid little attention to organizational factors, have drawn attention to the use of contingency theory in the study of corporate governance. In this regard, this study aims to provide a contingency model on the effect of board structure on earnings quality. The sample includes 103 firms listed at Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 1390 to 1395. The structural equation modeling approach and Smart PLS software have been used for modelling. The results showed that competition, business strategy and company size as contingency factors have a positive and significant effect on the structure of the board of directors. Also, the board structure has a mediating role in the relationship between contingency factors and earnings quality, and the adaptation between these factors and board structure affects the quality of earnings. Therefore, in Tehran Stock Exchange the effects of the board structure on the earning quality with regard to contingency factors can be explained in the form of a structured model.

Considering the importance of corporate default prediction for various stakeholders, the study aims to identify potential drivers of this event and to present a model for predicting corporate default in automotive and auto parts manufacturing industry, basic metals industry, and chemicals industry in Tehran stock exchange.

In this study, first, by conducting library research and through the fuzzy Delphi method, the factors affecting corporate default were identified. Then, using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique, corporate default drivers were introduced, and the model for predicting this event in each industry was extracted and presented. Finally, the accuracy of the extracted model was tested.

the following variables could be introduced as corporate default drivers in the abovementioned industries: the ratios of net income to total assets, earnings before interest and tax to total assets, earnings before interest and tax to total liabilities, sales to total assets, sales growth rate, retained earnings to total assets, net working capital to total assets, cash to current liabilities, current liabilities to total assets, total liabilities to total assets, short-term and long-term loans to total equity, short-term and long-term loans to total assets, cash flow from operating activities to sales, cash flow from operating activities to earnings before interest and tax, cash flow from operating activities to total liabilities, cash flow from operating activities to current liabilities, and market value of equity to total liabilities.

It was found that in automotive and auto parts manufacturing industry and basic metals industry, only accounting ratios, and in chemicals industry, both accounting ratios and market variables were introduced as corporate default drivers, and other potential drivers (according to previous research findings and experts’ opinions) including macroeconomic indicators, nonfinancial factors, and earning quality measures did not play a role in predicting corporate default.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between financial and economic models with data envelopment analysis technique in evaluating the performance of investment companies. In order to achieve this goal, aggregate assets, total debt, total equity and total company expenses as input variables as well as income, net profit and operating profit are considered as output variables of data envelopment analysis model. According to The model of data envelopment analysis, the performance of investment firms was evaluated. Then, the performance evaluated in the form of regression model was compared with financial and economic models. In this study, two hypotheses were presented to examine the relationship between financial and economic models with the data envelopment analysis technique and designed regression model to test the hypotheses. In this research, the statistical population is the investment companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Sampling from the research community is based on the method of judging sampling and systematic elimination. The research period is from 2014 to 2016. The results of the research hypothesis test show that there is a significant and inverse relation between financial models and data envelopment analysis model in assessing the performance of investment firms. There is also a significant and direct relationship between the economic models and the data envelopment analysis model in assessing the performance of investment firms.

Classifying trusted auditing firms in the base of rules and regulation of the Securities and Exchange Organization is one of the activities were done in Iran in order to promote auditing quality. The purpose of present research is to determine the effectiveness of this classification through measuring its relationship with disclosure quality and financial reporting quality. Disclosure and informing score of Securities and Exchange Organization has been used for measuring disclosure quality and earnings response coefficient has been used for measuring financial reporting quality. According to research purpose, two hypotheses were formulated which were tested with a sample of 86 companies during years 1391 to 1394. Results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between auditing firm`s class and disclosure and informing score of the client. Also, according to findings, auditing firm`s class has a positive effect on earnings response coefficient. In other word, this variable has a significant effect on financial reporting quality.

This study focuses on the influence of the period of collaboration between chief executive officer and internal audit director on financial reporting complexity. For this, the data from 60 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2012 to 2016 was tested, using Robust Least Squares(RLS) method. In order to measure the financial reporting complexity, the number of the board's activity annual report pages have been used as a criterion of complexity (the longer the reports, the more complexity). The findings of this research indicate that longer collaboration between CEO and the director of internal audit increases financial reporting complexity. The reason is that as the collaboration between them becomes longer, the CEO and director of internal audit will conspire to hide poor performance of the management from investors, therefore they release longer reports(the more pages, the more complexity).

One of the criteria for economic development is the existence of capital markets that can attract investors' confidence through providing high quality financial reports. The purpose of this research is to investigate the simultaneous effect of macroeconomic variables and product market competitiveness on earnings quality. The period under study is from 2006 to 2015 and the sample is 70 companies. For analyzing the data, the algorithm of equations with partial least squares (PLS) and Smart-PLS2 software was used. The results show that the product market competition directly and indirectly (through the mediator of financial performance) has a significant positive effect on the earnings quality, but negatively influences it through the intermediary variable of the capital structure. Also, direct impact is stronger than indirect effect. Other findings suggest that macroeconomic variables from the intermediary path of financial performance have a positive effect, but the mediation of capital structure has a negative impact on the earnings quality. Also, macroeconomic variables have a direct negative relationship with the quality of profit, but this relationship is not significant.