مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 10 (پیاپی 170، دی 1399)

The widespread prevalence of Coronavirus (COVID-19) around the world has raised concerns about physical activity and exercise. Patients with COVID-19 are 22% percent more likely to have heart damage than other people with infectious diseases. Due to the cardiovascular complications seen in patients, there are limitations for athletes due to the severity of the disease. Despite doubts about the outcomes of COVID 19 disease, there is a lot of insist on athletes to continue sports matches, including football, due to economic and competitive factor. The main aim of this study was to explain about the time when athletes with Covid-19 and cardiovascular approach return to sports activities.

Following the outbreak of Qovid-19, many studies have been published rapidly on research sites and scientific literature around the world. This study aimed to investigate the strategies of this epidemic. This study was conducted in a structured review method without statistical analysis that was conducted by searching related studies and resources in databases of Web of Science and Scopus. Finally, 16 qualified articles were analyzed and their texts were reviewed. Based on the obtained data, 19 medical strategies and 3 macro-management strategies were included, which were expressed in several tables, and at the end, a practical proposal of the article was presented.

The main strategies in foreign studies are medical strategies and less attention has been paid to general management strategies. Based on the research results, the identification and application of macro-management strategies along with medical strategies are recommended to the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education of Iran in controlling the Covid-19 epidemic.

The only option for treatment of end stage liver diseases is liver transplantation. Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran is the third largest liver transplantation center in Iran. In this study, the outcomes of this center have been studied during the past 5 years.

In this cross-sectional study, the pre and post transplantation’s clinical, demographic and outcome data of all patients who received liver transplant at Afzalipour Hospital during the past 5 years have been collected and reviewed. SPSS software ver. 16 was used to analyze the data.

Forty-three patients have received liver transplantation during this time interval. The 3-year survival rate of patients was 77%. The most common cause of death was primary nonfunction graft after transplantation. The most common complication was acute rejection (15%), all of which were successfully treated with corticosteroids.

 Due to increment of cases of acute and chronic liver failure in the community and since the final treatment of these cases is liver transplantation, so there is need to develop liver transplant centers in the future. Quantitative and qualitative study of the activity of centers based liver transplant in Iran is necessary to set up successful centers.

Identification and promotion of diagnostic methods has been a continuous effort to reduce disease and its complications and reduce costs associated with treatment. Despite all these efforts and improving our knowledge of diseases and diagnostic tools, pediatric appendicitis remains part of the diagnostic challenge in the surgical field. The aim of this is to compare the two diagnostic criteria of appendicitis (Childrenchr('39')s Appendicitis Score [PAS] Versus Pediatric Appendicitis Score [CAS]) and evaluation of the diagnostic features of them.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all children admitted to the hospitalchr('39')s emergency center with a possible diagnosis of appendicitis (270 patients) during 2018 and 2019 at Tabriz Pediatric Hospital. Based on the clinical examinations and para-clinical findings some of the patients were underwent the surgical intervention (220 cases) and some discharged and followed up for a period of 2 and 4 weeks later (50 cases). The data were analyzed through SPSS ver. 16 software.

The results of the present study indicated that if CAS was associated with ultrasound, the specificity of these criteria would improve and could be more acceptable compared with the PAS. In addition, it was revealed that WBC≥11000, as well as PMN≥65% and guarding were very specific for diagnosis and complication of acute appendicitis. There was a significant relationship between US findings and pathology reports (P<0.05).

In conclusion, the CAS criteria were more sensitive and the PAS was more specific in diagnosing pediatric acute appendicitis.

Osteoporosis is one of the main causes of bone fractures in old age. The examination of osteoporosis in the elderly is very complicated due to the heterogeneity of the aging process. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of the TNC gene in the patients with an inherited and very rare osteoporosis syndrome. The importance of this study was the identification of a specific biomarker for the osteoporosis process in a monogenic disease.

In this case-control study, the patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta were used as a simple and monogenic model to investigate the possibility of TNC gene role in osteoporosis. For this purpose, TNC protein network and its related biological pathways were firstly evaluated by bioinformatic analysis. Then, skin biopsies were taken from 3 patients with inherited osteoporosis syndrome called Osteogenesis Imperfecta and two healthy individuals. After culturing the biopsy, fibroblast cells were isolated from keratinocyte cells. Then, the total RNA of each sample was extracted from two different passages and cDNA was synthesized. Subsequently, the expression of TNC gene was measured by Real-time PCR in healthy and patient cells using various replicates.

TNC network proteins are significantly associated with the biological pathways involved in the ossification process. The expression of the TNC gene was assessed in wild type and patient cells. Finally, our results confirmed a significant increase in the expression of TNC in the patients’ compared to wild types’ cells by using technical and biological replicates (p:0.005, p:0.007) and Student t-test. In this study, Excel and GraphPad Prism 5.0 software (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA) were used.

Increased expression of TNC gene in a monogenic osteoporosis syndrome can indicate the potential role of this gene in the process of bone loss and introduce this gen as a new biomarker for osteoporosis. The study on rare Osteogenesis Imperfecta syndrome is a simple and monogenic model to investigate the heterogeneous osteoporosis. Therefore, the expression of the candidate gene needs to be evaluated and confirmed in an appropriate statistical population composed of patients with osteoporosis.

Myostatin and follistatin proteins are key proteins in the regulation of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Aging and sarcopenia can lead to disruption of cellular mechanisms and the activity of these proteins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on myostatin and folistatin proteins content in Gastrocnemius muscle tissue of elderly rats.

In this experimental study, 12 female Sprague-Dawley rats (20-month-old) with an average weight of 250±30 g were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: resistance training (n=6) and control (n=6). The resistance-training program was as followed: 3 days a week for 8 weeks, climbing a one-meter vertical ladder with 26 steps and two centimeters of space between each step with a slope of 85 degrees. SPSS software version 23 and independent t-test were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that eight weeks of resistance training led to a significant increase in myostatin protein content in the training group compared to the control group (P≤0.04). In contrast, eight weeks of resistance training led to a significant reduction in folistatin protein content in the training group compared to the control group (P≤0.05).

According to the results of the present study on the content of myostatin and folistatin proteins, it is possible that the reduction of muscle atrophy in the elderly can be through other pathways of protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy.

Herbal medicines are one of the most widely used complementary therapies in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to perform exact studies on the status of herbal medicines in communities. The aim of this study was surveying the prescription amount of herbal medicines prescribed by physicians and the effect of variables such as gender, degree of education, age, type of specialization of physicians, different seasons, source of drug production, price and the rate of insurance coverage on it.

The current study was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional one. This research was conducted in the period of April 1 to March 20, 2016 in a public pharmacy in Yazd. 1824 prescriptions were obtained using Cochranchr('39')s statistical formula and the amount of prescription containing herbal medicines was evaluated using the prepared lists. The collected data in three general categories, including physicianschr('39') demographic characteristics, prescriptions and their containing drugs specification were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) software and using the Chi-square statistical test.

Among the 1824 prescription examined, only 120 prescriptions contained herbal medicines with the average number of 1.05 ± 0.22 herbal medicine items in each prescription. 114 prescriptions (95%) and 6 prescriptions (5%) included one and two herbal items, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the amount of herbal medicine and the degree (P=0.041), type of specialization (P=0.04) and gender of the doctors (P=0.009), however, there was no significant relationship between the amount of prescription containing herbal medicines, the seasons of prescription (P=0.866) and the age of the physicians (P=0.089).

Considering the results of this study, the amount of herbal medicines prescribed by physician in Yazd city is low.

Flaxseed and sesame both are capable of reducing blood pressure, but no studies have been done to compare their effects on hypertension. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of breads containing either milled sesame or flaxseed on blood pressure of patients with type I hypertension.

This was a randomized, single blind clinical trial study. Demographic information was obtained from 100 eligible patients and they were randomly allocated to flaxseed or sesame groups. They received breads containing 30 g of either flaxseed or sesame for 14 weeks. Blood pressure, abdominal circumference, and BMI (body mass index) were measured at the beginning, seventh week, and at the end of study. Questionnaires regarding their eating habits and physical activities were also completed at these times. Data was analyzes by SPSS version 16 and independent sample t test and repeated measurement test.

Both sesame and flaxseed significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001) and there was no significant difference. On average, systolic pressure decreased by 9.5 mmHg with sesame and 10 mmHg with flaxseed. Likewise, diastolic blood pressure decreased by 5.05 mmHg with sesame and 5.8 mmHg with flaxseed. BMI and abdominal circumference reduced in both flaxseed (p= 0.001 and 0.001, respectively) and sesame (p=0.01 and 0.02, in order). No difference was observed between these groups.

Both sesame and flaxseed could similarly decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure, abdominal circumference, and BMI. Therefore, they could be used as supplements in reducing blood pressure.