نشریه پژوهش نامه حقوق بشری
پیاپی 22 (زمستان 1399)

The solution for human society is to conclude dozens of conventions centered on terrorism in order to counter state terrorism; but the United States and Israel have targeted the security of rival governments by committing international and illegal crimes through terrorism. The assassination of nuclear scientists, especially Dr. Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, has been defined as US and Israeli state terrorism and is contrary to Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The unwillingness of international organizations and courts to fight terrorism has led to the immunity of hostile states. In this article, the author examines the right to life and the prohibition of its deprivation in Islam and international rules to answer the question that what strategy should the Islamic Republic of Iran adopt to condemn the main perpetrators of the assassination of Martyr Fakhrizadeh? The basic hypothesis of this article in answer to the main question is that litigation in international courts, reciprocal action, information dominance and countering intrusion into security and intelligence devices, Prevention of money laundering offenses, imposition of financial penalties and sanctions on countries that support terrorism and challenging terrorist movements with the mass media are the most appropriate solutions.

Citizenship rights are a new concept that is very important today. The importance of citizenship rights becomes clear when we want to talk about a democratic society. Because the requirement of such a society is respect for civil rights and is an integral part of it. The citizens of a country enjoy these rights, taking into account the principle of human dignity. Human dignity is the basis of civil rights, which in itself is divided into two types: intrinsic dignity and acquired dignity. So the author in this article answers the question that is human dignity, which is the basis of citizenship rights, necessity according to the school of jurisprudence or not? Therefore, in this research, the concepts used in the text is defined and examined by verses and narrations to provide a basis for examining dignity as one of the necessities in the destination-oriented jurisprudence. Finally, the need to respect citizenship rights to preserve human dignity as a necessity of religion is discussed.

The concept of citizenship rights should be analyzed in terms of more general issues such as the “study of social rights” and “human rights” and this can only be achieved with government support. Therefore, given the sensitivity and support of human rights promotion institutions in recent decades, increasing communication between people in the international community who want to realize their citizenship rights in their social environment, considering the importance of the Charter of Citizenship Rights, which is currently considered an important issue in Iran. In this article, suggesting the creation of an organization to spread the culture of citizenship rights and legal protection in a separate ministry called the “Ministry of Citizenship” with regard to Article 133 of the constitution is examined. Therefore, this article answers the question that what is the possibility of forming a Ministry of Citizenship Rights? It is believed that in order to better institutionalize the culture of citizenship rights and to promote and implement a culture of civil rights; there is no institution more useful than the ministry. Because its development and promotion needs regular and lawful executive strategies and methods, which requires basic administrative mechanisms and planning.

In recent decades, Iran has faced several regional and international sanctions on foreign trade, financial services and banking; but US secondary sanctions against companies, particularly the commercial finance sector, significantly affect their behavior. It forces them to comply with their policies in order to avoid the financial losses resulting from punitive measures. US sanctions are based on a trade-oriented approach, which is more effective than the government-centered approach. Sanctions, like levers of pressure, are always applied directly or indirectly to target countries, which have many different consequences. Coercion is the main function of sanctions. The impact of secondary sanctions violates fundamental human rights. The main question in this research is: Do secondary sanctions and penalties imposed by the United States, which changes behavior and business that aligns with US demands (Mostly from the US Treasury Department) affect the human rights of the Iranian people?