نشریه جغرافیای اجتماعی شهری
پیاپی 17 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

One of the most complex social phenomena in today's cities is inequality. This inequality in urban space has led to problems, especially in metropolitan areas. One of these issues and problems is the social exclusion of some citizens in the urban space. The purpose of this paper is to survey urban space in terms of indicators of social exclusion.

The present paper is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive - analytical in terms of method. First, the data were collected using questionnaire tools for indexing and then Shannon entropy method was used to weight social exclusion indices. The target neighborhoods are then ranked and leveled based on the Coopers model and analyzed spatially through a map in ArcGIS.

According to the indicators of social exclusion from a total of 13 neighborhoods, the residents of 4 neighborhoods, all of which are located in the northern part of the region, do not suffer from social exclusion due to their social context, economic situation and access to political power structure. While the neighborhoods of Bazaar, Imamzadeh Yahya, Sangalaj and Harandi, which have the largest population and area and form the old and central core of Tehran, are severely socially excluded in terms of socio-cultural, economic- structural and political-civil dimensions. And the other 5 neighborhoods are in a moderate situation in terms of social exclusion.

A study and recognition of the concept and indicators of social exclusion and their evaluation in the urban space of District 12 of Tehran Municipality shows that although this area is located in the heart of Tehran in terms of geographical location, But it is not possible to provide social, political and economic opportunities for all its inhabitantsAnd some of its neighborhoods are considered isolated spacesAnd some neighborhoods are considered excluded spaces.

Since the last decade of the twentieth century, information technology and the use of computer networks as a powerful tool in the hands of society and has been proposed as an important paradigm in the efficient management and administration of societies around the world. On the other hand, good governance is a topic that has long been discussed in the efficiency of governments and is considered by governments today. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the tendency to e-government and the realization of good governance in Kerman.

The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research in terms of data collection method, which has been done by survey method. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling with SPSS and Amos software were used to analyze the collected data. The research data include a sample of 103 employees of the Kerman Governor's Secretariat and General Offices based in Kerman, which includes all employees in charge of the e-government correspondence site and the Kerman General Administration Secretariat using a stratified sampling method. Collected randomly. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by construct validity and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

The trend towards e-government has been able to explain 71% of the changes in good governance. The trend towards e-government has had the greatest impact on capacity building. The tendency towards e-government leads to the realization of good governance in the public management system of Kerman metropolis.

Tendency to e-government promotes transparency, accountability, effectiveness of roles and tasks, result orientation, promotion of values, capacity building in Kerman public management system.

Subject:

 Housing is one of the main elements in the formation of the structure of the city and the basis for the realization of spatial and social justice in it. The most important factor influencing a person's satisfaction with living in an area and his way of life is housing and environmental conditions in that area, so paying attention to it to balance the spatial structure of the city and increase the quality of residential environments is a necessity of urban planning. . The purpose of this study is spatial analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing and its relationship with the form of neighborhoods in the city of Babel.

The research method of this study is descriptive-analytical and based on applied purpose. The raw data of the article have been extracted from the statistical blocks of Babol city and the form of neighborhoods has been obtained based on the available layers of geographical information. For spatial analysis of indices, spatial autocorrelation model and Moran index and Gi statistic were used.

The research findings showed that 36% of the neighborhoods have a compact form and the middle and scattered forms each cover 32% of the neighborhoods. Also, most of the housing indicators in the city of Babylon have a spatial correlation and have a cluster pattern.

According to the results of Gi statistics, the indicators that indicate the desirability of housing are more clustered in the compact form, and the indicators that indicate poor housing are more concentrated in the intermediate and scattered form. The obtained results, while paying attention to spatial justice in the expansion and development of housing among neighborhoods, confirm the significant relationship between housing desirability indicators and intensive form.

Urban poverty is one of the main problems in dilapidated areas, and today these two issues are intertwined and have created an inappropriate urban structure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of urban poverty on the spatial-physical structure of worn-out tissues in the city of Izeh.

The method of conducting the present study is descriptive-analytical, the information of which has been collected through library studies and by completing a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is households living in dilapidated neighborhoods of Izeh with sample size. And for data analysis, the statistical approach of structural equation modeling (SEM) and the first two-factor confirmatory factor analysis test were used.

Analysis of the findings of structural equation modeling indicates that among the measured indicators, among the components of urban poverty, economic index which has played a very important role in the physical-spatial structure of the worn-out tissue of Izeh city with Decreasing this index, physical-spatial structure has increased inadequacy. Also, by examining the migration patterns and choosing the area for living by residents and neighbors, the satisfaction of non-native neighbors in the area, non-native immigrants and improving the spatial and physical condition shows that the main reason for residents and immigrants to choose neighborhood for living is equality. Neighbors are economically and income-generating.

The results of the structural equations equation show that there is a significant relationship between the components of urban poverty and the components of the physical-spatial structure of the worn-out urban fabric. Therefore, in order to take the necessary measures, it needs the serious attention of city and regional managers and planners.

The worn out tissues as parts of the city that are separated from the evolutionary cycle of life and become the focal point of the problems and inadequacies have many hidden capacities and capabilities that, if activated, can be used as a driving force in the urban development process. The purpose of this research is to measure the cultural-social capacities of the worn out tissues on endogenous development in Tabriz metropolitan area.

The methodology of the research in the present study is of applied and descriptive-analytical nature. Data collection is done by documentary-field (survey). The statistical population of the study consisted of inhabitants of weary texture, managers, experts and academic elites aware of urban problems in Tabriz metropolis.

Findings show that the seven socio-cultural components of the research explain the endogenous development of the worn-out tissue of Tabriz metropolis by 72%. Among the research variables, the most influential components on endogenous development are: interest in continuing to live in the tissue, feeling safe in the tissue, helping neighbors solve problems, witnessing the formation of various events in the tissue and the level of participation in city council elections. The values are 0.936, 0.936, 0.933, 0.929 and 0.921, respectively.

The greatest impact of existing socio-cultural components on economic, social, environmental and physical development of worn-out tissues is 0.792, 0.760, 0.663 and 0.553, respectively.

Social resilience to improve and keep the city's performance as one of the fundamental strategies For Disaster Reduction Against Hazards Special emphasis is placed on Forming social groups and Upgrade social capital and increasing participation among residents.Therefore,identifying the factors that promote social resilience can reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between social components and prioritize the effective factors on promoting social resilience in Najaf Abad.

Current article is In terms of functional purpose  and with the descriptive-analytical methodan. Data collection was done by means of questionnaire and survey. Amos Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze and process the data.

According to the results, the most influential component on promoting social resilience against natural hazards in Najaf Abad is the social capital component with path coefficient of 0.82.

In case of efforts are made to improve neighborly relations, it can be hoped that, when risks occur, individuals with appropriate and timely response and behavior will preserve their lives and those around them and be less likely to suffer mental, financial, and personal injury. In general, promoting social capital and partnerships between citizens can increase social resilience in the city of Najafabad and reduce vulnerability at the time of the hazards.

Nowadays, locating urban land uses with GIS is very important in urban planning. The day market is one of the most important social uses in the city that also influences other important activities. This study investigates the current situation and proper location of Sirjan day market.

This article is an applied - developmental and descriptive - analytic method. According to the data collected, the parameters of the study area were studied and then weighted for the criteria using AHP model and then using ARC GIS software and FUZZY logic obtained the appropriate maps for the criteria and finally. Integrated together and then prioritized and ranked places using VIKOR method.

Based on these criteria, 3 places were the most prone areas for market placement, respectively.

Therefore, in order to facilitate access and reduce traffic as well as reduce environmental pollution, careful planning is needed to create the best day market.

Housing, in the sense the term of 'shelter', is the most basic and vital need of any living beings in nature. Housing is one of the most important sectors of development in a society that recognizing and assessing its status and unprosperous in the form of the social justice depends on identifying and analyzing the influencing factors. Likewise, the Promotion of affordable housing and also, increasing the choise of suitable housing options for all people, is one of the main goals of viability

Therefore, the purpose of the research is to investigate the housing viability for achieving to viability of cities in social justice’s shadow. The type of research is applied – developmental, and its method is descriptive-analytical. The gathering of data is documentary and research indicators were collected from the Population and Housing Census of Karaj districts in 2016.

The analysis of the data has been displayed by using TODIM multi-criteria decision making model and finally, by integrating the indicators into the relevant model and formation its layers in GIS software and having districts map. The results show that Karaj 8th district, in comparison to others, is ranked first in terms of housing viability indicators, and the other districts are in the next levels with little difference. The findings also indicate different levels of viability within each district, so it is indicating a discontinuity between neighborhoods in districts.

This discontinuity indicates that neighborhoods do not have equal facilities and amenities, so that undermine the social justice at them.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of government policies and market proximity on functional changes and decline of siroos neighborhood.

The type of research is based on purpose, fundamental-cognitive and in terms of nature and method, qualitative-exploratory. Documentary-field research has been used to collect information. The statistical population includes relevant subject matter specialists, residents and owners, real estate agencies and market traders, who have been selected using the snowball technique. 25 experts related to the field of research, 42 residents and 38 owners of real estate agencies and market traders were interviewed. One-sample t-test and multivariate regression in SPSS software were used to analyze the data.

Out of 7 studied variables, the variable "How to acquire and destroy by the Reconstruction Company", with 16.7 and 83.3% frequency in the high and very high range, respectively, according to the respondents, had the highest level of impact on neighborhood decline. The components of "market entry and land use change" and "savings due to integration and proximity" are in the second and third ranks of impact and intervention in the decline of the neighborhood, respectively. The components of accumulation, landlord persuasion, rent and Gentrification were ranked next, respectively, in terms of the importance of their impact on neighborhood decline.

Despite the numerous plans that have been prepared for the siroos neighborhood, the neighborhood has been physically and socially neglected, so that the interaction of government and market forces with the tools of politics and economy has led to the gradual decline of housing.

Flood is the most important natural disaster that has caused many casualties and damages in different parts of the country. Considering the possibility of floods in Shiraz and the importance of resilience, especially against floods, this study was planned with aim to model the most important factors affecting social and physical resilience of Shiraz against floods.

Statistical society were selected through purposive sampling that consists of 50 university professors, experts and managers in the field of crisis management in Shiraz. After identifying the dimensions and primary factors, they were evaluated using Delphi method and also structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) method was used in order to analyze the data.

Based on the Mick Mac analysis, indicators of neighborhood status (C11), location of facilities and facilities (C8), capability and effectiveness (C10) and the degree of trust and solidarity (C9) have weak influence and dependence. Indicators of collective action and cooperation (C2), practice (C4), membership in groups and social networks (C13) have high influence, power and dependence. The variables of building strength (C1), access status (C7), type of attitude (C5) are more influenced by other factors and are effective and dependent elements. Awareness indicators (C3), acquired skills (C14), acquired knowledge (C6), procurement level (C12) are among the independent (key) variables that have a great impact on the process of physical and social resilience.

The analysis of the resilience of human and environmental systems against natural disasters such as floods and in analyzing and reducing the vulnerability of cities and neighborhoods, we should not only emphasize the physical dimension and characteristics of communities, but also pay attention to social structures and dimensions to empower citizens and prepare for natural disaster.

The excessive occurrence of vandalistic behaviors in urban environment is not only in conflict with the established principles of social order, but also has serious negative psychological and financial effects on citizens. One of the reasons for such behaviors is the quality of the urban environment. On the one hand, police has taken a new community-based approach in recent years, focusing on the potential of the community to reduce crime and violent behavior, and has tried to prevent this phenomenon in urban environment. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the impact of urban environment quality and police management on vandalistic behaviors of citizens of Ilam city.

The present study is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-correlational in terms of its methodology. The required data is collected using library and field methods with the help of a questionnaire. The statistical population is composed of urban management experts, university professors, and police officers and staff, 164 of whom are randomly selected through random stratified sampling method using Cochran's formula. Data are analyzed by one-sample t-test and correlation (SEM) in SPSS and LISREL software.

The findings indicate that the quality of urban environment with a coefficient of effect of -0.45 has a reversible effect on the vandalistic behavior of citizens in the city of Ilam. The coefficient of effect of police management on vandalistic behaviors is -0.50, so police management has a reverse and significant effect on vandalistic behaviors in Ilam city. Also, the dimensions of urban environment quality and the dimensions of police management have a reverse and significant effect on vandalism in Ilam city.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the low level of urban environment quality and the lack of police management in Ilam city have led to an increase in vandalistic behaviors by citizens.

Population growth and climate change affect the sources of water. There are two Planning strategies to provide the sources of urban water: The first one is to provide a clean and reliable sources and the second one is the management of water demand. The second option΄s aim is to reduce water consumption. Traditionally, urban planners have not been involved in the management of urban water. While how to build cities, affects the supply and the use of water directly.

The goal of this article is to recognize the relation between built-environment indicators with how to use water in the level of quarter for increasing water protection. Based on this matter, 9 indicators in this field has been identified as effective urbanization΄s factors in the management of water consumption, and then the average of water consumption in each category was extracted. Also categorized data in different groups according to sightly indicator entered into SPSS software for statistical analysis. And in the process of analysis of the ANOVA method and multiple comparisons to specify the level of the indicators΄ importance and then the Friedman-Test to specify the level of the impact of indicators on Al-Ghadir Neighborhood has been used.

Findings have shown that respectively perimeter ratio indicators on area and the rotation of block with maximum impact on water consumption and the indicator of shape, continuity and area can have minimum impact on water consumption in Al-Ghadir Neighborhood.

Therefore, Results have shown that urban planners have been able to promote the protection of the urban water by using planning strategies and designing in the level of Neighborhood and shaping the built-environment and adjusting land use. And they can affect on how to consume water in cities. A comprehensive approach to all these categories and logical and reasonable connection between them and their pervasive development that is the only reasonable way to manage water in cities.

Social sustainability is considered as an essential element of sustainable development and social issues are the integral part of urban projects. Therefore, the dimensions of social sustainability are one of the most important and the key tools used inurban planning and policy. The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze the levels of social indicators in District 15 (Tehrn) and its subdistricts and the ranking of these elements in this area.

The present paper is applied in terms of purpose avd descriptive- analytical in terms of metod .First, the data were collected using questionnaire tools for indexing and then was used to weight to analyze the data and to rank the district 15 and its subdistricts, the ANP network analysis method and the Typsis method were used, respectively.

The findings indicate that among the social sustainability, social justice with a weight of 0.988 is the first, satisfaction with a weight of 0.977 is ranked the second due to the little access to the city services, and personal confidence with a weight of 0.884 is ranked as the thirdAccording to Typsis method, Moshiria, Abazar and Khavarshahr subdistricts are ranked the first, second, and third, respectively.

In this study, to achieve social sustainability, three major elements -Security, Participation and Quality of Life- were introduced. These three components were considered in the form of six criteria and fifteen sub-criteria. Among them, social justice has the highest weight.

With the advent of the information age and the growth of new communication technologies, the idea for the learning society has affected all human social relations and provided public learning for all people regardless of any differences. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of learning activities in urban spaces, it is necessary to pay attention to the location of these services and the benefit of all citizens from them. Accordingly, the present study, with the aim of spatial analysis relationships between demographic and physical factors as basic principles in the realization of learning city has examined spatial heterogeneities in urban neighborhoods of Zanjan.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The method of data collecting is documentary-library. To analyze the findings, Moran's self-correlation technique and geographical weight regression model were used.

The results of the use of Moran statistics show that the spatial self-correlation between all the indicators measured is positive and follows the cluster pattern. Following the existence of such a pattern, the assessments made using the GWR model show that the population index required for education with 13.5% has the highest impact factor on the transformation of Zanjan into a learning city. Also, considering the adjusted R2 values equal to 43 and 32%, the GWR modeled the spatial relationships between the variables with acceptable accuracy and was able to predict spatial inequalities and optimal deployment ranges of the centers in the coming years.

The findings show that most of the neighborhoods of Zanjan suffer from spatial imbalances in terms of the appropriateness between the learning land uses and their population. This is much more severe in the case of the Bisim, Islamabad and Trans neighborhoods with an illiterate population of 40.6%. Therefore, urban management should prevent gaps and social-spatial inequalities between urban areas and neighborhoods through proper planning in the fair distribution of learning services and make it possible to achieve learning city in Zanjan neighborhoods by determining the optimal location of learning land uses