نشریه قرآن و علم
پیاپی 27 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Lifestyle is one of the most important topics in sociology, educational sciences, ethics and economics. They use the concept of lifestyle to explain socio-cultural behaviors that typically reflect the complex reality of behaviors and even attitudes in society. Islamic lifestyle refers to the type of lifestyle that has originated from the teachings of the Qur'an and hadiths. In this article, after referring to the research background, the current lifestyle of Muslims in the face of the cultural West is discussed, then the basics of the Islamic lifestyle are mentioned in three sections: "faith and inclination", "behavior" and "cultur and socity". Then the foundations of the Western lifestyle have been introduced in three ways: "hedonism", "powerism" and "utilitarianism". This article, which has been studied by descriptive-analytical method, has come to the conclusion that the Qur'an has been able to enter into all aspects of life both materially and spiritually by organizing and shaping the daily life of the early Islamic community and introduce the Qur’an to different socio-cultural environments in a short period of time. The comprehensiveness of this divine book is such that it is considered as a model and a source for the Islamic lifestyle of contemporary man.

 "Tamaddun" or "hadzarah" [civilization] is a word that is not directly mentioned in the Holy Quran, but the way to research it is by searching for related words, especially words with a social connotation. "Ummah" [nation], "qawm" [ethnic group], "qaryah" [village] and "madinah" [city] are among the most important words that have been already considered as a form of civilization. The main question of the present article is what is the semantic relationship between the above words with civilization and is it possible to achieve a concept of civilization in the Qur'an through them? In this article, an attempt has been made to use a descriptive-analytical method to first study and describe the concept of the mentioned words and then to investigate its relationship with civilization. The findings of this study indicate that these words do not have a direct semantic signification on the concept of civilization and they can not be considered as civilization; But according to the meaning and social capacity of these words, they can be employed as the word “civilization”, ie, the wird civilization can be attributed to these concepts and social contexts. Meanwhile, the words "ummah" and "medina" have a high capacity for conceptual connection with religious civilization.

 Divine religions, including Islam and its teachings, especially the Holy Qur'an, have paid special attention to ethics and its components. The study of divine religions, including the religion of Islam, shows the role of morality in various areas of human life. One of the most important issues that is not discussed in ethics but is raised in another science called philosophy of ethics and is one of the so-called affirmative principles of ethics, is the issue of absoluteness and relativity of moral propositions. Beyond putting forth opinions and viewpoints, there have been important theoretical and practical results and implications of this issue, which, including the idea of ​​relativism in ethics, has had dire consequences. The emergence of some moral crises in some human societies is based on the prevalence of this idea. The decline of morality in the present age, to the extent of individual or collective tendencies, agreements and contracts, has led to a commitment to the view of moral relativism. Among the harmful effects of accepting this idea in Islamic societies will be the modernity and relativity of religious propositions (moral propositions) and the denial of the immortality, perfection and finality of Islam. According to this approach, the analysis of the proof of the theory of absolutism from the perspective of religious texts and mainly Quranic verses becomes doubly important and necessary. This issue, with the Qur'anic approach, has not been studied independently by thinkers of Qur'anic sciences and commentators, both Shiites and Sunnis; Of course, some commentators, according to some verses, have entered into this field and have expressed different opinions; But a review of various sources and interpretive texts leads to the conclusion that most of the old and new commentators have not entered into this important issue. In this article, based on some Quranic verses and the views of some commentators, the view of "minimal absolutism in morality" is proved.

Social security is an issue that has been considered in many countries, especially in countries with a welfare state approach, and has been defined in accordance with the political thinking of the ruling system. However, common value of the concept and definition of social security institutions as the governmental organizations, providing economic and insurance aspects and livelihood support for individuals in society. It seems that restricting the concept of social security and defining it in such a way that it is limited to the organizational goals that stem from its origin, i.e. the secular view of the West about people, is subject to criticism. So, a new concept and definition can be expressed for it according to the Quranic culture and teachings. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method, redefines the social security system according to the teachings of the Holy Quran and specifically seeks to answer the question of what is the redefinition of the social security system with the Quranic approach to human needs and what are the effects on this redefinition; Given the comprehensiveness of the anthropology of the Qur’an and its expression of past, present and future of man, as well as the expression of weaknesses, concerns and factors of human dignity, security and peace, the social security system based on the Qur’anic approach includes a wide range of material and spiritual human needs for the purpose of providing his security and peace in this world and the hereafter.

 Emotions play an essential role in family life, and without considering emotions, human success in life is difficult, if not impossible. The family is the first place of education, the place of emergence of human emotions and the foundation of society, and if it is healthy, we can hope to have healthy societies. The present article, using the ijtihad method, by examining the verses of the Holy Quran, has extracted the most important emotional characteristics of a healthy family, then described and analyzed it and presented the most important educational implications of each of them. Studies show that one of the emotional characteristics of a healthy family in the Holy Qur'an is kindness and mercy, which has educational implications such as the presence of God in the family, family strength, family growth and excellence, and increased intimacy between couples. And the other is comforting, the most important educational implications of which are the way to know God, joy in the family, the growth of the emotional health of the family and the satisfaction of the spiritual and psychological needs of the spouses in the family.

With the development of new topics in the field of social sciences and humanities, new perspectives have been presented to explain the various causes of a text in historical periods. One of these views is the design of the concept of feminism and its relation to the Holy Qur'an. The use of this concept can help to explain the reason for the difference of some interpretive opinions in some verses of the Holy Quran in the historical periods of Muslims. In this research, the opinions of the commentators on the Qur'anic phrase الرجال قوامون علی النساء " Men are the managers of women…" have been classified, analyzed and evaluated, and in the meantime, an attempt has been made to base the differences of opinion of the commentators on the phenomenon of feminism in different periods of the history of interpretation. Based on the findings of this study in the contemporary period of the history of interpretation, due to the introduction of the discourse of feminism in the West and its entry into Islamic societies, as a result of which the idea of equality between men and women was formed in the Islamic world and modern Western ideas entered the Islamic world, has led to the formation of a confrontation between the mentality and culture of Muslims with objective realities. As a result, a new interpretation of the word "guardianship" has been proposed in the verse under discussion, which in the pre-contemporary period was interpreted as male domination over women, but in the contemporary period this interpretation is more in the form of special talents of each sex and its responsibilities has appeared.

 In this article, first the thousand-year history of the principles of jurisprudence is mentioned, and then the necessity of establishing the knowledge of the principles of interpretation is stated. Because the principles of common jurisprudence are mainly responsible for the knowledge of jurisprudence. And it is not fundamentally based on other sciences such as interpretation. And in the knowledge of the principles of interpretation, some new topics such as hermeneutics, the language of the Qur'an, etc. are needed, which is not common in the principles of jurisprudence. And some issues of the principles of jurisprudence in the knowledge of interpretation are needed, but others have little to do with interpretation. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an independent knowledge called the principles of interpretation. Then, the concept of the principles of interpretation and its differences with similar sciences such as the principles of jurisprudence, the rules of interpretation and the principles and methods of interpretation are explained, then the pathology of the principles of interpretation (principles, sources and method of research) is discussed. In this article, the research method of historical analysis is used.

 The emergence of scientific interpretation and texts has aroused proponents and opponents; Literary commentary, known as expressive commentary, was a method of commentary organized and highlighted by Amin al-Khawli and his wife, Bint al-Shati, with the aim of preventing the harmful challenges of scientific commentary and the extremist tendencies of some contemporary commentators. Although Amin al-Khawli considers the use of both psychological and sociological sciences in literary interpretation necessary, he has criticized scientific interpretation and has proposed the method of expressive interpretation in order to not fall into the trap of imposing scientific theories on verses. His wife, Bint al-Shati, also strongly criticizes scientific interpretation and all forms of modern interpretation, and by presenting the expressive miracle of the Qur'an, confronts the scientific miracle and denies it. This research has dealt with the interaction between scientific and expressive interpretation, by content analysis method and comparative method.  The findings of this study indicate that although both of the aforementioned Qur'anic scholars are opposed to scientific interpretation, but since Amin al-Khawli's view on the critique of the method of scientific interpretation is closer to moderation, commonalities can be found between scientific interpretation and expressive interpretation; But according to Bint al-Shati's extremist view in this regard, there is no common ground between scientific and expressive interpretations, and these two interpretive methods will have a confrontation.

Scientific interpretation of the Qur'an means using the convincing findings of the experimental sciences in understanding the Qur'an. In the forthcoming effort, which has been written as a library form by descriptive, analytical and critical method in the revelatory and experimental sciences, a comparative study of Allameh Tabatabai's theories with those of Maurice Bucaille regarding the scientific interpretation of Quranic verses has become an indicator to get a clear picture of the view of the Shiite commentator (Allama Tabatabai) in comparison with the Muslim Orientalist (Maurice Bucaille) and what is certain is their positive approach in evaluating the scientific verses of the Qur'an; In many cases, Allameh has taken the path of caution and in some verses has confirmed that they are a scientific miracle; But Maurice Bucaille has sought to conclude the harmony of the verses with the science of the day and to prove the scientific miracle of the Qur'an. Meanwhile, Allameh, by using the power of interrogation of verses, in understanding the experimental sciences, has paved the way for the followers of this field.

Providing material and spiritual needs is necessary for human growth and perfection, and paying attention to the body and meeting its needs is also a prerequisite for reviving this growth and seeking perfection. Since the structure of human existence is two-dimensional and the dimensions of body and soul affect each other, paying attention to the health factor of the body has a special importance and place.  For this reason, body nutrition is of a special value and importance as the most significant factor in ensuring health. Ignoring or not knowing enough about the value of healthy, good, quality food, paying attention to food diversity and using different food groups, not only cause physical illness, but also a warning signal for the onset of inappropriate moods such as mood swings, nervousness and depression. This article, which uses a descriptive-analytical method, has been written with the aim of introducing and explaining the value of nutrition in religious teachings and presenting different food groups in these teachings. The results of the research indicate the special place of nutrition in religious orders. Paying attention to the balance in eating and drinking and distinguishing valuable nutrition from improper ones according to the criteria of the nutrition system model in Islam can help man in the path of righteous action and guarantee his all-round growth and survival, in addition to bring closer the divine society to its human perfection. Finally, the group of bread and cereals, milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables and meats are among the most important food groups in the religiously healthy nutrition system.

 There are verses in the Holy Quran about the creation of the heavens and the earth and their description. Some orientalists, taking certain assumptions for granted, emphasize the conflict between the verses regarding the order of creation of the heavens and the earth. This article responds to the claims of orientalists by describing and analyzing related verses and examining the views of commentators. In this research, the following four perspectives are evaluated: 1) denial of attributing precedence and delay to divine actions; 2) Lack of stating the order of creation of earth and heaven in the Qur'an; 3) The precedence of the creation of earth over heaven; 4) The precedence of the creation of heaven over earth. According to the author, the holy verses related to the heavens and the earth are in harmony with each other and refer to the three stages of creation which are: The first stage: Creation of the sky and raising its roof; The second stage: Creation of the earth and its expansion; The third stage: Expansion and settlement of the Seven Heavens.

Cyberspace is a space in which communication is done by the World Wide Web, which includes a variety of networks such as Facebook, WeChat, Telegram, WhatsApp, ETA, Viber, and so on. The human instinctual desire to talk and communicate with others is one of the important reasons for using cyberspace. On the other hand, the spread of high-speed interactions and exchanges in cyberspace has made it possible to break temporal and spatial boundaries and allow people to easily talk and exchange opinions and thoughts with each other. The use of this space has widely affected individual and social life, sometimes more than the real space. Proper knowledge and public awareness has provided the ground for the proper use of this space, and by observing the rules and requirements of dialogue in this space, it has turned threats into opportunities and eliminated the destructive damages of this space. Effective communication and mutual understanding requires compliance with rules and regulations. The communication process consists of three main elements: the message, the sender, and the receiver. A descriptive and analytical study of the enlightening verses of the Holy Quran shows that this book of guidance has set criteria for each of these pillars. This heavenly book, observing the principle of science and awareness, honesty, chastity, politeness, beauty and also having the support of thought and knowledge, is considered as one of the requirements related to the message that the sender of the message must be obliged to.