فصلنامه زیبایی شناسی ادبی
سال یازدهم شماره 46 (زمستان 1399)

Ashura has always been the focus of writers and poets. After the Islamic Revolution poets paid more attention to Ashura poetry. Among these poets, Saeed Biabanki can be named in the contemporary era. The present study investigates, analyzes and critiques the Ashura poetry of this poet from the point of view of artistic and thematic images based on descriptive-analytic method in order to express its images and themes. Familiarity with prominent contemporary Ashura poets, identification of prominent post-revolutionary Ashura sonnets, and the use of visual language to explain the concepts of Ashura in the form of sonnets, are important in this research. The study of this collection shows that the poet portrayed the concepts of thirst, martyrdom and oppression of Sayyid al-Shohada (AS) and his loyal companions by utilizing imaginative factors on the horizontal axis, with symbol and metaphor at the top. The method used in this study is detailed analytical (library).

Imaginary forms and novel elements are beautiful whenever they act as part of the structure interacting with the word and its semantic structure in any text and on the other hand, when they are created in commitment to meaning and hence, play the role of a reliable guide. As Immortal masterpieces such as Rumi's Masnavi, are created mainly on the basis of the creation of the universe, are undoubtedly the result of an aesthetic approach to the elements and manifestations of this creation. On the other hand, one way to discover the artist's mental world is to study the literary and rhetorical images of the poet's poetry. Masnavi is a kind of revelation and inner enlightenment of the poet in an aesthetic approach to the soul of the universe, that is, the issue of life and death. Unity, diversity and repetition of the category of life and death in the form of artistic contradiction are among the topics caused the dynamism of language and meaning in Rumi's poetry as much as possible; To the extent that this art of confrontation can be considered as a kind of stylistic feature of Rumi, especially rooted in his mystical thought and the issue of opposition of unity and plurality. In this article, the aesthetic contrast between life and death in Masnavi with respect to the process of plurality in the heart of unity and vice versa, with regard to death and life will be studied using a library method by descriptive-analytical manner.

Create humorous situations. This study aims to investigate the relationship between language games and images and caricature space and to statistically analog. The effects of creating humorous concepts. By examining the five sets of caricatures of the nineties. The authors have considered the techniques of creating humor in the categories of irony, a ambiguity, pan allusion the contradiction of poetry and the proverb of good interpretation and embodiment. Among these illustrative and humorous elements, irony and ambiguity are the most common in the collection of caricatures of the nineties. By examining the five sets of caricatures of the nineties. The authors have considered the techniques of creating humor in the categories of irony, a ambiguity, pan allusion the contradiction of poetry and the proverb of good interpretation and embodiment. Among these illustrative and humorous elements, irony and ambiguity are the most common in the collection of caricatures of the nineties.

The splendor and richness of the Dari language, which has reached a very high level of evolution over the centuries, depends on the sweet, pleasant and meaningful words and combinations, the combination of which in order and prose has created glorious literature and a large part of them. It must be interpreted ironically. These allusions and idioms have gradually found their way into the treasury of Dari words in each era due to the special circumstances of that time and the developments that have taken place, and by entering a continuous and scattered context, have increased the volume of Persian language in terms of fertility and beauty. In Anvari's poems, many imaginary forms have been used. In this article, an attempt has been made to study and analyze the aesthetic aspects of Anvari's poems based on irony, and for that, many evidences of beautiful poems of this poet have been brought to use irony and proverbs. Presented in the sixth century.

Analysis and detection of stylistic elements can only be achieved by detailing the frequency of exit from the soft language. This detail requires an examination of the literary, linguistic, and intellectual details of a literary text. The element of color is one of the cases in which the quality of its rhetorical and semantic use varies in different literary styles and periods. By examining the functions and rhetorical developments of this pictorial element, a stylistic metamorphosis can be shown. Since stylistic developments are not very accurate and possible except by considering a wide range, so by considering five styles of Persian poetry and three prominent poets from each style, the subject has been addressed. The results show that in Khorasani style, descriptive compounds resulting from colors are in sensory matters and often with elements of nature. The predominant tricks in this style are the use of metaphor. in the Seljuk style, the frequency of abstract compounds is higher and the functions of irony, allegory and symbolism are higher in the field of mysticism and social issues (with the emergence of Sanai). In the Azerbaijani style, the rhetorical and expressive industries reach their peak, and the color "bleu" becomes a means of creating ambiguity, metaphor and irony with high frequency. In this style, “haft peykar” has a special place because it also uses the symbolism of myth (in colors). in the Iraqi style, too, most sensory combinations are used to explain mental concepts.

Hooshang Ebtehaj (H.E .Saye), a contemporary poet and modern poet, has brought a new and special manifestation of Ghanaian poetry. In both Nimayi poetry and Ghazal, he is indebted to the lyrical attitudes and language of his predecessors, and has been influenced in various ways by the rich mentality prevalent in Persian poetry, as well as by renowned Ghazal poetry. Anyway, Ebtehaj's approach has monopolistic features that distinguish it from other traditionalist sonnets. In this essay, several aspects of the poetry of Ghazal are studied and the quality and aspects of this poet's influence on the tradition of Persian poetry, as well as how he deals with some of the foundations and components of lyric poetry, are analyzed and Explain. In this regard, Ebtajaj's dual approach, which is sometimes traditional and sometimes unusual and exclusive, deals with such topics as rich mentality, romantic attitude, love tradition, beloved beauty, beloved lust and fascination with love. Has been studied and the role of these categories in the development of lyrical and thematic-creativity and the aesthetic richness of ebtehaj's poems, both solely in love with his sonnets and with symbols of social and philosophical prestige, has been described.

Abstract This research, titled "Inspection and Analysis of the Role of Command and Prohibition in the Fifth Book of Molavi's Masnavi," intends to employ the analytic-library method to inspect two of the common terms of the Molana's poetics culture, "Command and Prohibition," by referring to the fifth book of Masnavi-e Ma'navi and Principles of the Meanings Science. Therefore, it shows these terms nature and manner in order to discover the secondary meanings of some verses in the mentioned work. The end of the rules and principles of the meaning science is not to inspect the literal meaning of the sentences, but to inspect the sentences' secondary meanings that can be expressed. In this science, sentences are divided into two categories: declarative and composite (Ensha'i). Declarative sentences are those having truth and falsehood qualities; however, composite sentences are those with no truth and falsehood qualities. According to the results of this research, Masnavi-e Molavi is a mystical and didactic book; therefore, Molana's extensive use of command and prohibition is obvious. We better understand the issue when we know that Molana's mind uses different methods to implant the ethical and mystical concepts into the audience's mind and conscience.

The present article is a comparative study of the structure of poetic images of Hossein Manzavi and Mohammad Ali Bahmani. For this purpose, first the isolated lyric poems and then the avalanche lyric poems have been studied, and after examining the lyric poems, adaptation and analysis have been done between these two contemporary lyricists. The method of work is such that the sonnets of these two poets have been studied in the field of image (image). The abnormalities and innovations of these two lyricists in each of these sections have been done according to the selected lyric poems and some of their strengths and weaknesses have also been expressed. It is worth mentioning that the lyric poems and verses mentioned by these two poets for example have been selected in such a way that they show the personal style of these two poets and can show the possible differences and similarities between the two.The aim of this study was to find linguistic deviations in Monzavi sonnets using descriptive-analytical method in the framework of structuralism and based on Leach deviation model. Accordingly, the deviations and artistic creations of the poet are often sought for simplicity in the language of poetry and its approach to common language (simple and impossible). In general, the most common type of deviation in qualitatively and quantitatively isolated sonnets is semantic deviation. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical with library technique.

The examination of the dualities in art and literary works has attracted the attention of contemporary linguists,mythologists,narrators, and semioticians.They believe that from this perspective a better understanding of literary works can be achieved. The Indian style is one of the periods that expresses its intellectual, cultural, geographical and religious oppositions more effectively than any other period. Among the poets of Indian style, "Salim Tehrani" is one of the powerful thinkers who has been able to create exquisite and interesting intertwining themes in various fields In this paper, the author examines in a documentary, library manner the dual opposites or reciprocal couples as one of the central elements of his poems. For this purpose, four sonnets were selected from the different positions of his court. In these sonnets, 335 dual contrasts were found, that is, about 3.3 per sonnet.These two dichotomous variants are categorized into three categories: lexical and verbal (70%),semantic and intellectual (81%) and literary (31%)The semantic reciprocal pairs are more frequent in Salim poems.Some of these interconnected couples, such as asceticism,perfectionism, and so on. He has distinguished himself from others and has shown his line of thought and beliefs. The most important reasons for Salim's attention to the dual oppositions of travel and distance from home, the impact of the social environment, the attention to ethical and mystical concepts, and the poet's attention to aesthetic and musical issues.In any case, dual contrasts are one of the stylistic features of saline grains that have semantic and aesthetic function