مجله راهور
پیاپی 35 (زمستان 1399)

One of the factors affecting the vulnerability of quality of working life is personality. Personality traits destroy or facilitate the process of adaptation and psychological and physical health by influencing the individual's interpretation of environmental events. This study intends to investigate the effect of personality traits on quality of working life with the mediating role of sleep quality.

The present study has an  practical purpose and in type of correlation, the purpose of which is to investigate the relationship between the existing variables in the research. The statistical population of this study was 1250 drivers of all bus company drivers in Tehran, which among them, 294 people were selected by simple random method using Cochran's formula. The main tool used in this study were the  Ayznek four-factor questionnaire (for measuring personality traits) (1977) with 48 items, Pitesbereg sleep quality questionnaire (Boyce et al., 1989) with 19 items and Vokol group standard questionnaire of quality of working life (1996) with 36 items. Item) whose  its validity was confirmed by the content method and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha. Kolmogroph-Smirnoph test was used to check the normality of the data, structural equation method was used to analyze the data and SPSS23and Smart PLS2 software were used to analyze the data.

The results of Sobel test showed that sleep quality is considered as a mediating variable in the effect of personality traits on quality of working life. Also, personality traits on sleep quality (t = 3/312 and β = 0/289), sleep quality on drivers' quality of life (t = 2/289 and β = -0/186) and personality traits on quality of working life (t= - 6/658 and β= - 0 / 558) has an effect.

Due to the adverse effects of sleep quality on drivers' working process, managing their personality traits will improve their quality of working  life.

Driving and mental health do not make sense without each other; The presence of these two elements together reduces the costs and related harms in its various dimensions for society and families. Therefore, the present study was conducted to develop a structural model of the role of mental health on high-risk driving behaviors of young people with mediating of resilience.

In this descriptive-correlational study, 383 undergraduate students of Tabriz Azad University by online sampling method and by participating in virtual classes, were participated in the present study online and to answerd the Kezes mental-social health questionnaire (2002), Wangild Dimensions of Resilience (2002) and Risk-taking Questionnaire (2008). This method was chosen due to traffic restrictions when the corona risk became serious. Structural equations modeling method was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the proposed model has an acceptable fit; Because it was stated that mental health has a significant effect on the dimensions of resilience and this effect is direct and positive. Mental health components also directly and negatively affect the components of high-risk driving behavior. It was further found that mental health has the power to explain high-risk driving behaviors indirectly and generally through resilience.

According to the findings, mental health increases the rate of resilience and consequently reduces the tendency to high-risk driving behavior among young people; Because in the absence of mental health and the level of resilience among individuals, will increase traffic disorder and consequently the amount of various socio-economic costs for society and families.

Today, the severity and number of road accidents caused by climatic factors has increased in the suburban roads of Semnan province; Therefore, this study, due to the importance of the subject and with the aim of investigating the probability of road accidents risk in different climatic conditions, was conducted for the main suburban axes of Semnan province.

In order to obtain the probability of road accidents risk in different climatic conditions by descriptive-analytical method, first was paid to collect and process data of climatic elements affecting road accidents in a period of 15 years from 5 synoptic stations, 14 main axes and traffic data in 2016 to 2018; Then, data were analyzed based on Palm's probabilistic concept and stochastic process theory.

The highest palm probability and relative accident risk for the type and intensity of rainfall were calculated to be 0.845 for no rainfall and 2.18 for snowy days, respectively. The relative accident risks for rainfall type, rainfall intensity and weather conditions on Highway 44 are twice as high as for other types of roads.

The relative risk of accidents increases with unfavorable weather conditions at a severe rate on the roads; Roads and passes in the cold semi-arid regions of the province, such as Ahovan Pass, Bashm, Khosh Yilagh, Foolad Mahaleh in winter, have snow and icy conditions; While in the desert roads of the province in summer, the climatic element of maximum temperature is the most effective factor in accidents.

Road accidents financial losses in most countries, improving roads   safety has become a very important goal in safety management and traffic engineering. The high volume of accidents and the resulting human and financial losses in our country requires a management mechanism. So far, the methods of prioritizing corrective actions have been without considering the amount of cost to benefit, and have been largely based on total benefit. In this study, a useful tool is presented for prioritizing corrective actions.

The main purpose of this study is to model and prioritize corrective actions in suburban areas. To answer the question of what is the priority of different corrective actions in different parts of the transportation network, first a descriptive model of accidents was made for the axis under study and based on corrective actions was re-estimated the rate of accidents reduction which from the rate of reduction of accidents was calculated the amount of benefit resulting from the corrective action. The cost of each corrective action was also inquired from the Highway Organization. In order to achieve the studied objectives, the Yasuj-Isfahan axis was considered as a case study. The 90-kilometer two-lane crash data was selected to identify accidental hotspots during 2014-16. The variables studied to build the model include the weighted financial loss index, the percentage of heavy vehicles, the logarithm of the average daily traffic and the percentage of slope. In order to prioritize corrective actions and to calculate the amount of accident reduction, optimization methods (maximum profit or minimum cost) were used using mathematical planning model and accident adjustment coefficient .  

The findings show that the highest rate of accidents occurred in places with geometric characteristics of curves, intersections and turns.

The results show that can reduce accidents with low budget levels such as the installation of directional and danger signs on the way at intersections and the creation of vibrating bar in turns and insert the shock absorber in the u-turn.

Driving is a behavior that a person chooses as a practical model of action and implements it with a vehicle. This behavior includes two distinct categories of behaviors, namely positive and negative behavior. The set of negative behaviors in driving is called aggressive driving or high-risk driving. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to aggressive driving motivations among drivers in Yazd city.

The method used in this research was survey. The statistical population of this study consists of all drivers in Yazd city that 429 people have been selected as a sample. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and a simple random sampling method. In this study, the NPI-16 narcissistic personality scale and the MCMI-II narcissism scale were used to measure drivers' narcissism. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by the content validity method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 0.77 and was within the acceptable range. The retest reliability coefficient, correlation coefficient in determining the halving reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient in measuring internal consistency were calculated to be 0.84, 0.74 and 0.79, respectively.

The findings showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the variables of age, marital status, narcissism, behavioral openness, aggression and the type of reaction when angry with the aggressive driving variable. The findings also showed that there was no significant difference between the variables of gender, driving time, socioeconomic status, legalism, discipline and flexibility with the variable of aggressive driving.

The results of multiple regression show a significant effect of five variables of age, socioeconomic status, narcissism, legalism, openness of behavior, aggression and type of reaction of drivers when angry in aggressive driving among drivers in Yazd city, among which, two variables are narcissism and Aggression plays a greater role in explaining the variable of aggressive driving. independent variables can explain 24% of the variance of the aggressive driving variable using linear combination variance.

Although the history of traffic violations and accidents of drivers largely reflects their driving status and skills, but because this data is passive in nature, in recent years, researchers have proposed approaches that are preventive in nature and can be used as alternative indicators instead of accident data. The rate of change of speed and the rate of change of acceleration while driving are among the indicators that have received a lot of attention recently. These two indicators are derived from drivers' field behavior. In the present study, it has been tried to examine the mentioned indicators as a criterion for measuring the safety of their behavior by using the speed profile of drivers. Due to the high importance of reducing drivers 'driving risk, public transportation modes, especially high-speed buses modes (due to higher speeds and higher capacity compared to conventional buses) as well as the lack of similar studies in the field of risk analysis of drivers' field behavior of this fashion in the country, the present study has examined the mentioned indicators in the high-speed buses lines of Tehran.

In this study, first the structure and method of measuring these two indicators are reviewed and then in order to investigate the correlation of these indicators with accidents, 176 high-speed bus drivers in Tehran (lines 3 and 5) is studied with the use of smartphone positioning system and the is calculated correlation between the indicators obtained from the field behavior of drivers and their accident history.

Both indicators obtained from drivers 'field behavior while driving had a positive and significant correlation with drivers' accidents in the last two years. The acceleration change rate index had a significantly higher correlation with drivers' accidents and the threshold of 2 m / 3 s had the highest correlation among the thresholds of this index which was selected as the critical threshold.

According to the obtained correlation results, the mentioned indicators can be used to assess the safety of field behavior of drivers of the fleet of high-speed buses lines. Also, the higher correlation of the acceleration reduction rate compared to the speed reduce rate indicates the better performance of this index in the analysis of drivers' field behavior.