نشریه پژوهش در توانبخشی ورزشی
پیاپی 15 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

Interaction between the foot pronation and gait pattern has been emphasized by researchers; but this effect has not been well understood in patients with low back pain (LBP). Therefor This study investigated the characteristics of spatiotemporal gait factors patients with chronic Low back pain with and without pronated feet.

Among low back pain (LBP) patients of 25 to 35 years old, 10 patients with normal foot, and another 10 patients with pronated foot were selected as experimental groups. Also 10 healthy individuals of the same age group were selected as control group. Spatiotemporal parameters of gait were analyzed using Vicon motion analysis system during barefoot walking with self-selected speed.

Both experimental groups had less walking speed than control group. Stride and step length in LBP with normal foot were smaller than the other groups (p˂0.05). Double support phase time of LBP with normal foot was longer than control group (p˂0.05). Stride width and stride time was greater in LBP with pronated foot than control group (p˂0.05).

LBP is associated with decreased walking speed. In LBP patients with pronated feet the stride was wider and slower than in control group. However, the walking speed and stride and step length were affected only in LBP patients with pronated foot. It is better that the training and rehabilitation programs of LBP patients should be optimized based on the foot structure.

People with mentally retarded are inactive due to the specific mental and physical problems and they have motor function impairments. Therefore, this study aimed to study the effect of eight-week combined single-leg squat exercises on balance, lower limb strength and quality of life in mentally retarded students

In this quasi-experimental study, thirty 7-to-11-year-old male estudents of with IQ=50 to 70 were selected by purposive and convenience sampling and matched in two experimental and control groups. Bruininks-Oseretsky Mobility Test was used to assess the balance and strength of lower limbs of the subjects and Cummins Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. The experimental group performed single-leg squat exercises for 8 weeks (three 60-min sessions). During this time, the control group had no specific exercise program. At the end, post-test was performed for both groups. To determine the effectiveness of the exercises, statistical analysis of variance with repeated measures was used using SPSS-19 software. Significance level was considered 0.05 in all analyzes.

The results showed that single-leg squat exercises have a significant effect on static and dynamic balance, lower limb strength and quality of life in mentally retarded children.

Single-leg squat exercises can be used to improve static, dynamic balance, lower limb strength, and quality of life in mentally retarded children.

Exercise programs that target the quality of the fundamental movements, are an essential component in the safe progression of athletes. Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization(DNS) Exercise is a new approach based on fundamental movements which modify the motor program in the central nervous system. So the effect of DNS training program on functional motion screening (FMS) was investigated in this study.

The sample consisted of 34 female students who were randomly divided into two groups. Age, height and weight of the experimental group were 18.8±0.68, 160.4±5.63 cm and 61.4±14.41 kg, respectively, and in the control group 18.19±0.91, 16.05 ± 3.16 cm and 61.2±12.10 kg. The control group performed routine physical fitness exercises and the experimental group performed DNS training protocol for 3 sessions of 50 minutes per week for 6 weeks. FMS was measured as pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures at the significant level P≤0.05.

The results showed significant interaction (F(1, 32)= 250.42 , P = 0.0001), intragroup difference (F(1, 32)= 347.50 , P = 0.0001) and intergroup differences (F(1, 32)= 16.45 , P = 0.0001) for FMS in the experimental group. Compared to the control group, the experimental group progressed with a much steep slope (60.23% vs. 73.34%).

Our findings confirm that it is possible to use fundamental movement training to improve functional movements. In fact, the experimental group's significant improvement in FMS is related to the reinforcement of the pattern of movement resulting from DNS exercises.

Low back pain is one of the most common health problems in different societies in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dynamic stability training on pain, range of motion and trunk muscular endurance in women with chronic low back pain.

The subjects of this study included 30 women with chronic non-athlete low back pain who ranged in age from 19 to 48 years and were randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. All subjects were first assessed by the Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire for disability in the lumbar region. VAS, goniometer and ITO were used to determine pain, a range of motion and muscular endurance, respectively. The experimental group then received a training program (DNS) for eight weeks, but the control group received no specific rehabilitation program. Pre-test and post-test were used in both experimental and control groups. In this study, paired samples t-test and independent samples test was used by spss24 software.

The results showed that after eight weeks of dynamic neuromuscular stability training, there was a positive effect on pain, the trunk muscular endurance and range of motion (p≤0.05).

The dynamic neuromuscular stability (DNS) training focus on the natural growth process of the motor system, reduce pain, increase lumbar range of motion, and increase trunk muscular endurance in women with chronic low back pain. Keywords: DNS training, Chronic back pain, Range of motion, Trunk selective muscular endurance

Proprioception is one of the most important factors in preventing injury, which is influenced by many factors, including the circadian rhythm. Proprioceptive dysfunction can increase the risk of injury and falls in the elderly.The aim of this study was to investigate effect of two different time of day on accuracy of knee JPS among Kerman elderly men.

Twenty elderly men with mean age of 68.09±6.34years old,height171.23±6.99cm and weight75.12±10.54kg were selected randomly from among60volunteer participants,based on inclusion and exclusion criteria of study.Reconstruction error data of knee joint was measured.AutoCAD software was used to analyze the images and repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare data at different times.

Despite recording different records at different times and also decreasing mean reconstruction errors in early hours of day and according to results of analysis of variance in results of knee joint angular reconstruction error measurements at different times of day No statistical significance was observed.Although different records were recorded at different hours,and although mean of regenerative errors was lower in early hours of day,according to results of analysis of variance,there was no significant difference in results of regenerative error measurements at both angle of45(p=0.591)and 60(p=0.310)of knee joint at different times of day.

According to results, accuracy of proprioceptive function in knee joint is not affected by circadian rhythm and,there is no difference in likelihood of injury and possibly fall risk of elderly at different times of day due to proprioceptive dysfunction while performing physical activities in different hours of day and night.

Genu Valgum Leading to changes in the structure and function of the muscles around the knee, proprioception, neuromuscular function and control of lower limbs. the aims of this study were investigation of the current and NASM corrective exercise on dynamic Q angle and the positional sense of the knee joint in girl students with Genu Valgum.

Forty-five girl students with Genu Valgum with aged 12-16, were voluntarily included in the study and divided into two experimental groups (current and NASM), and one control group. The experimental groups received current and NASM corrective exercises for eight weeks. In the pre- and post-tests, the dynamic Q angle and the positional sense of the knee joint were examined. , paired t-test, ANOVA test were used to analyze the data. (p≤0.05)

The results of this study showed that current corrective exercises and NASM reduced the dynamic Q angle and there were no significant difference among the three groups in the post test. However, mean comparisons showed that the NASM group had more reduction compared to the current group. Also, both exercises had a significant effect on the positional sense and there was a significant difference among the three groups, which was only significant between NASM and control groups.

According to the results both types of exercise improved the dynamic Q angle and the positional sense, the effect of NASM corrective exercises was higher. Therefore, both exercises, especially NASM corrective exercises are recommended to improve the Genu Valgum.

The shoulder joints of Wheelchair basketball athletes are subjected to a lot of pressure and injuries due to overhead throwing movements, repetitive activities, wheelchair propulsion and body weight-bearing, which can lead to a decrease in proprioception.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Thera-band exercise program on the proprioception of the shoulder joint for the elite male in wheelchair basketball athletes.

14 athletes (8 intervention group, 6 control group) participated in this study from two clubs in Tehran province. The teams were divided into intervention and control groups. Initially, the proprioception of internal and external rotation of dominant shoulder was measured using isokinetic Biodex system 4 by two methods of joint position sense (JPS) and threshold to detect movement (TTDM). Then the intervention group performed a shoulder injury prevention program with a Thera-band for eight weeks, and at the end, both groups were tested again by isokinetic Biodex system 4.

The results of this study showed that this training program increases the proprioception of internal and external rotation of dominant shoulder (P <0.05).

The findings of this study suggest that the shoulder injury prevention training program by using Thera-band has been effective on proprioception of internal and external rotations of the wheelchair basketball athletes' shoulders. Therefore, to wheelchair basketball coaches and athletes and athletes of other sports and non-athlete wheelchairs are recommended to perform this exercise program to improve the proprioception of the shoulder muscles.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a course of central stability training and water training on balance, flexibility of the trunk area and lower limb function of trainable mentally retarded girls. Research

The research samples included 30 female mentally retarded female students of the exceptional school of the mafia system who were randomly divided into two experimental groups (20 people) and control (10 people). Then, the experimental group performed their exercises in the pool environment for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week) and the control group avoided any activity during the study.

Statistical findings showed that in measuring static and dynamic balance, the effect of central stability exercises was more than water exercises (P <0.05). Also, in flexibility, the effect of exercises in water was more than central stability exercises (P <0.05) and in lower limb function, the effect of central stability exercises was more than in water exercises (P <0.05).

It was observed that exercises for central stability as well as exercises in the aquatic environment increase static and dynamic balance in mentally retarded children. Central stability training can be effective for mentally retarded children by strengthening the deep muscles of the body in the abdomen, pelvis and thighs, as well as the stability and strength of these areas. Since central stability training does not require a lot of equipment and a large space, it can be done with the least facilities.

One of the problems of the elderly is a decrease in balance and an increase in static fluctuations. the purpose of this research was to determine the effects of isometric and concentric strength training on dynamic and functional balance in case of after 2 months training in elderly women.

This study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. 30 elderly women aged selected voluntarily and according to the inclusion criteria and they were homogenously divided into three equal groups: isometric, isotonic and control. Dynamic balance scores were measured by a Biodex balance system, and the functional balance scores were calculated by time up & go test (TUG).Resistance training was performed during 18 sessions (40 minutes and 3 sessions each week). Participants examined before, after and 1 and 2 months after training sessions.. Data were analyzed by Mixed ANOVA with repeated measure (3 * 2) and (3 * 3).

Isometric and concentric strength training had a significant increase in dynamic balance (P = 0.001) and functional balance (P = 0.001) in elderly women. The effect of concentric on dynamic balance is more than isometric. In contrast, the effect of isometric on functional balance was higher than that of concentric. Training had continues effect on functional balance .

Isometric and concentric training improved balance. The positive effect of these exercises is not only immediately after the training period but even up to 2 months after the end of the training.

Genu varum is one of the most common disorders of the lower limbs and the person walks on the lateral edge of the foot. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks combined exercises (core stability and theraband) on distance of knee medial condyles, Q angle, and endurance of core muscles in adolescent students with genu varum. 30 female junior high school students with genu varum purposefully selected and randomly divided into two experimental (age 14/47±0/74years, height 158/80 ±0/93cm and weight 48/80±8/68kg) and control (age 14 ±0/76years, height 157/73 ± 5/18cm and weight 49/13 ±5/22kg) groups (n=15). The distance of knee condyles, Q angle and endurance of core stability muscles of subjects was measured with collis, goniometer, macgill side plank test, respectively. The experimental group completed 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 60 minutes per session of the combined exercises (core stability andtheraband) program Data were statistically analyzed by the use of covariance, using SPSS 25 software (p < 0.05). After the training, there was a significant decrease in the distance between the internal condyles of the knee (P = 0.002), a significant increase in the Q angle (P = 0.007) and endurance of the central muscles (P = 0.001). Therefore, according to the effective results of the exercises of this research, it is recommended to use this training protocol in corrective programs to improve and correct the genu varum anomaly.

Low back pain is one of the most common and most expensive medical problems in modern societies. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of eight weeks walking and core strength training in water on pain and postural sway in women with non-specific chronic low back pain (NCLBP).

twenty patients with NCLBP in both experimental and control groups (CG) participated in the present study. patients in the experimental group (EG) eight weeks (3 sessions per week) performed combined training (walking and core muscle strength training) in water. The patients in CG did not receive any training. Visual analogue scale and foot pressure system were used to evaluate the pain and postural sway in both groups before and after the intervention. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software version 21 (p≤0.05).

The pain (p=0.000), anteroposterior center of pressure (CoP) direction sway (p=0.001), CoP sway area (p=0.02), path length (p=0.008) and CoP sway velocity (p=0.009) decreased significantly in EG. Mediolateral CoP direction sway in the EG and none of the variables in the CG did not show any significant differences after eight weeks (p˃0.05).

According to the results, the use of combined protocol in the aquatic environment was effective in reducing pain and postural sway in patients with NCLBP. Due it is recommended to the use of the present study protocol in combination with the water environment to improve the pain and balance of these patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dynamic neuromuscular stability (DNS) training on dynamic balance and functional disability in athletes with non-specific chronic low back pain.

The present study is quasi-experimental, applied with pre-test and post-test design. The sample consisted of 24 male team athletes with chronic non-specific low back pain in two equal and random control groups and experimental were divided into. The control group did not participate in any treatment and rehabilitation activities during this period and was engaged in normal daily activities. The experimental group performed dynamic neuromuscular stability training for 8 weeks. Also, before and after the intervention, the Oswestry questionnaire was used to evaluate the functional disability and the Y balance test was used to evaluate the dynamic balance. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at the significant level of p < 0.05.

The results of intergroup comparison after dynamic neuromuscular stability training showed a significant difference in improving dynamic balance and functional disability in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05).

Based on the findings of this research, dynamic neuromuscular stability exercises improve functional disability and dynamic balance in athletes with non-specific chronic low back pain.