نشریه برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری
پیاپی 35 (زمستان 1399)

Spatial planning is one of the approaches that can be effective in different economic, social, cultural, environmental and political aspects of tourism and as a system dominate the region and be considered as a basic strategy. The present study seeks to evaluate the spatial planning indices of sustainable development of rural tourism destinations in the east of Mazandaran province. The purpose of this study was descriptive-analytic and questionnaire was used and its validity was confirmed by (sources reviewed, university professors). Data were analyzed using statistical tests (one sample t-test, Pearson correlation, multivariate regression and path analysis). The findings of the study showed that economic and social variables are in relatively good condition. Fitting the regression model shows that 53% of the dependent variable changes are explained by the independent variable. From the viewpoint of locals and tourists at the level of (0.05) there is a significant relationship in all variables. From the experts' point of view, there is a significant relationship between all dimensions of activity and location except for human dimension, with all dimensions used. Therefore, the first hypothesis is rejected for the three groups studied and the second hypothesis is confirmed.

This research has been done in the framework of constructivist-interpretive paradigm, qualitative methodology and the approach of contextual theory. The participants in the study are experts from government departments and organizations, as well as rural experts living in the Mohammadabad-Zarrin Gol district. Among them, 29 people participated in the research using theoretical sampling. The techniques and tools for data collection were semi-structured interview techniques and semi-structured interview checklists, respectively. Open, central, and selective coding were also used for analysis. Based on the findings, this study concluded that the polar spatial organization of Mohammadabad-Zarrin Gol region (Aliabadaktol city) (with the dominant role of two urban points of Fazel Abad and Aliabad) is affected by factors such as mountain topographic structure, urban centrality, ، The weakness of services and access to it, the one-way relations within and outside the region, the weakness of the supply chain and the value of tourism and the weakness of the labor market have not been able to move towards a network pattern by

The purpose of this study is to investigate the sustainability of tourism villages in the study area that are in the discovery stage in comparison with the rural tourism centers that are in the stages of development and stabilization of destination tourism. With the above interpretations, the present study aims to explain the process of developing these tourism destinations and the stability of the study area. The present study is an applied type; statistical population of tourist villages of Darram and Chavarzgh villages that were selected by purposive non-probability sampling method, 277 households. Field-library data collection and data analysis using inferential statistics based on Butler's Tourism Life Cycle Model in SPSS software and applying COPRAS, ORESTE Multi-Criteria Ranking Technique; The use of the UCINET software is done. The research findings show that Gohar village is in the destination conflict stage from the perspective of Butler tourism life cycle model which with a total of 842 is in the first place from the perspective of sustainability of tourism activities and the lowest level of tourism sustainability in Shirin Su Residential Centers which is in the development stage of the tourism life cycle with a total of 1115.

, the present study uses a futuristic approach to identify the most important factors affecting the development of tourism in the villages of Saqez city and the survey. The extent and how these factors affect each other. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. Due to the nature of this research, structural analysis, MIC MAC and Delphi have been used. In this regard, after holding initial discussions with thirty elite and tourism experts of Saqez as the statistical population of the study, 38 variables were identified in the form of four general dimensions as initial variables. In the following, the initial variables were defined in the framework of the cross effects matrix in the MICMAC foresight software. . Finally, ten major factors are influential as key factors in the future of sustainable tourism development in tourism destination villages – Saqez county. Among these factors, climate conditions and participation and correlation are the most influential factors in the development of tourism in villages of tourism destination in Saqez. The awareness of the local community and tourists, competitiveness and incentive policies are also important at a later stage.

Today, the tourism industry is one of the most important sectors in the economy of any country in terms of employment and income can be effective. One of the most effective sectors in the tourism economy is small and medium-sized businesses, which are characterized by their emphasis on entrepreneurship and empowerment and continuous innovation. In this regard, this study examines the impact of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and innovation capability on the performance of tourism businesses. The statistical population of this research is the employees of tourism and hospitality businesses in Tabriz. 200 people were selected as the sample using stratified sampling method. The instrument used was a questionnaire and structural equations were used to analyze the research data using LISREL software. Findings showed that entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a significant effect on the innovation capability (0.49) and the performance of tourism businesses (0.32) and also the innovation capability has a significant effect on the performance of tourism businesses (0.57). Therefore, the results showed that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and innovation capability are critical to the success and improvement of tourism businesses and their performance can be improved through these factors.

Agricultural tourism as a complementary activity can have positive effects in villages with tourism capabilities, the most important is diversification of employment and i income. But assessing the willingness of the local community to accept tourists is the main purpose of this study. This research is of descriptive-analytical type which has been done by library and field method.Among the villages with a high capacity for agricultural tourism in the city, 424 heads of households were selected with the Cochran's formula and were interviewed.Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests and Spearman correlation test were used to analyze the data due to abnormality.The results showed that although Agrotourism is economically profitable for them and the results of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that it has the greatest impact on the economic وdimension and explains 17.93% of the total variance, But from a social point of view, it explains the lower impact rate and 13.65% of the total variance, because the local community has little interest in the presence of tourists in the garden and private space of their lives and seeks more economic benefits of tourism than social interactions. Therefore, efforts should be made to make the villagers aware of the social benefits.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of human barriers on the development of sustainable tourism in Kerman. The type of research is applied according to the purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and method. The required information and data have been collected using documentary and field methods (questionnaire). The statistical population of the study included two groups of domestic and foreign tourists of Kerman city, which were randomly selected and sampled using Delphi technique. In order to analyze the data from SPSS software, the statistical test of Kolmogorov Smirnov and T-sample test and also to prioritize and criterion of the criteria of DEMATEL technique using MATLAB software have been used. The findings of the study, according to the T-Tek test, show that in Kerman, the impact of the role of human barriers to the development of sustainable tourism has been undesirable and has reduced the tourism industry. Also, the results of Dimtel technique show that among the indicators of role analysis of human barriers on the development of sustainable tourism in Kerman, economic-financial index with 1.698 is the most effective factor and technology index with 2.622 is the most influential factor

To create a sustainable and appropriate development of the tourism industry, the existence of a capable, cohesive management and coordination between the public and private sectors is very important.

The aim of the present study is to identify and compile a green supply chain model in the tourism industry of Fars province using the qualitative data method of the foundation and to examine the impact and effectiveness of Dematel method.

Data collection method, study of documents and interview with 30 experts who are aware of the subject in question, using snowball sampling method. For data analysis, three stages of open, central, and selective coding have been used.

The results of the present study indicate the extraction of 21 main criteria and 90 sub-criteria that were included in the paradigm model model including causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, pivotal phenomenon, consequences. Weight for Final Ranking The relationship between the selection criteria shows that the criteria for designing green processes, customers and other external institutions, green innovation, environmental management approaches, environmental management and performance capabilities, green suppliers, human resource management Energy (with values greater than the threshold) has a higher degree of importance (weight).

Today, the tourism industry can bring various aspects of development, including social development to the host regions, if properly managed and managed. The attitude and perception of local residents on tourism is an important factor in identifying the priorities and strategies of tourism management in each region and influencing future planning. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between social variables and citizens' attitude to the relationship between tourism and social development. The method of this research is survey. The statistical population of the study is citizens of Chelgerd over 15 years. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size for this study was 324. Required data were collected using a questionnaire and multistage cluster sampling. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between social trust, citizenship participation and place attachment with the dependent variable, but there is no significant relationship between the cultural capital variable and the dependent variable. Regression analysis showed that the variables of social trust, citizenship participation and social attachment were able to explain 11.3% of the variance of attitude towards the relationship between tourism and social development.

This research aims to investigate the trust of independent travelers to online content during the pre-trip decision making. The statistical population was travelers who had a completely independent trip with personal planning during the past year. Adopting snowball sampling, an online questionnaire was designed and the link was published through social networks. Findings indicated that men are more likely to make pre-trip decisions based on User-generated Content compared to women and this decision is mainly based on other travelers' comments and their opinions regarding their previous experiences. The results also show that the more people use social networks in their daily lives, the more they tend to trust other users' experience in making the pre-trip decision and plan their trip accordingly.

Studying tourist's experience quality, especially in relation to behavioral intentions, is considered an important research area in the tourism industry. However, while there are a large number of studies about the quality of experience in mass tourism, the empirical study of experience quality in dark tourism has been less studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate experience quality on tourists' behavioral intentions by mediating the destination image, perceived value and tourist satisfaction in dark tourism destinations. This research is descriptive and of the correlational type. In order to achieve the purpose of this research, data were collected from 330 tourists who visited two dark tourism destinations. The results of testing hypotheses using SPSS and SmartPLS software indicate that the quality of tourist experience does not directly affect their behavioral intentions. But through the mediating variables of destination image, perceived value and satisfaction have a positive effect on tourists' behavioral intentions. Meanwhile, the destination image plays the most mediating role in the relationship between experience quality and behavioral intentions; and tourist satisfaction is the most important antecedent of tourist behavioral intentions.

Confirming the hypothesis, tourism is a factor in rural development, especially on the outskirts of cities, which is a bit difficult and complex. In this study, it is assumed that tourism in the garden of the villa and the cafe restaurant in the form of discourse has protected the power relations in the city and the village and helped redistribute urban capital. In general, this type of tourism is not a positive function in the development of villages in the study area. In this research, discourse analysis is a suitable methodology for studying the relationship of tourism target villages of Imamzadeh, Band, Gog Tapeh and Burhanloo with Urmia metropolis. The results show that the principles of sustainable development and ideology played a role in formulating the rural tourism discourse of the garden villa and café. The results also suggest that rural tourism discourse has served the interests of the private sector by undermining the interests of the public sector. And this transition has been accomplished through mechanisms such as expropriation and problem-building. Of course, the assumptions of this research can be studied in the different political, social, economic and ideological structure of Iran as well.

Hotels play a pivotal role in the tourism sector's accommodation. But how they are distributed and located can have a significant impact on the provision of services and tourism. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The nearest neighbor mean, multi-distance spatial cluster analysis, center mean and standard deviation ellipse were used to analyze the findings. For this purpose, Iran is divided into seven regions based on tourism geography, including North, East, Center, Alborz, South, West and Northwest, and then in each of these regions and for the whole country in general, the analysis has been done. . The results indicate that based on the average of the nearest neighbor, the distribution pattern of hotels in the west and northwest is scattered and the distribution of hotels in Iran is clustered. Also, based on the multidimensional spatial cluster analysis, the distribution of hotels in Iran have a total cluster distribution. Also, many hotels have been distributed in the centers of the province. In general, it can be said that many cities and regions with potential tourism potential are deprived of this type of basic infrastructure. Therefore, all areas of the country should be considered in the spatial distribution of hotels.