نشریه برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری
پیاپی 48 (بهار 1403)

In the situation of responsible consumption, the tourist considers the impact of consumption behavior on the environment, economy, society, and culture of the destination, and consciously maximizes positive effects and minimizes negative effects. Considering the importance of responsible consumption, especially the importance of this type of behavior among tourists, the present research has tried to provide a sociological analysis of responsible consumption with an emphasis on Bourdieu's theory.

Design/methodology/approach: 

This research was done with an emphasis on a quantitative approach and focusing on survey strategy. The statistical population of this study was tourists visiting tourist places in Mazandaran province. The research information was collected through a questionnaire from 385 tourists using a multi-stage cluster sampling method.

The results of the research show the impact of various types of social, economic, cultural, and symbolic capital on the responsible consumption behavior of tourists. The capital structure (with 4 dimensions) has had a direct and positive effect (Beta = 0.76) on the responsible behavior of tourists. In fact, with the increase in the capital level of tourists, their consumption will also become more responsible. Also, the capital structure (with 4 dimensions) has been able to explain 57% of the dependent variable (responsible consumption).

Conclusions and suggestions: 

Among the dimensions of capital, cultural capital has played the most important role in responsible consumption among tourists. Therefore, the design of cultural policies to promote the responsibility of consumer behavior, especially among tourists, is of great importance.

Originality/value: 

Based on the research findings, culture is an important factor in the discussion of the tourist's buying or consumption behavior. In fact, in addition to influencing the buyer's personal and psychological characteristics, culture also affects the buyer's decision-making process.

The purpose of this research is the sociological study of women's shopping behavior in large stores in the coastal and tourist cities of Mazandaran. The views of Giddens, Veblen, Simmel, and Weber were chosen as the theoretical framework.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The research method is a survey and the unit of analysis is the respondent (women over 15 years old). The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster and the sample size is 384 according to Cochran's formula. The tool for data collection is a researcher-made questionnaire.

The findings show that there is a positive and direct relationship between the variables of the use of mass communication tools, globalization, religiosity, consumption values, age, and the degree of relative deprivation with the degree of women's shopping behavior. There is a significant negative and inverse relationship between education and social class with the amount of purchasing behavior. Moreover, there is no significant relationship between the amount of education and change in the style of covering.

The results of the average comparison test show that there is a significant difference between the amount of shopping behavior of women according to the city of residence and marital status. The amount of shopping among young married women is more than single women. Regression analysis shows that 50.7% of the changes in women's shopping behavior are related to independent variables. The most explanation of the variance and changes of the dependent variable of women's shopping behavior respectively belonged to the variables of consumption values and social identity.

Originality/value: 

This research is the first study that investigates the shopping of women tourists in the tourist areas of Mazandaran province

Considering the changing interest of tourists towards acquiring authentic cultural experiences and the increasing importance of emerging types of tourism, such as food tourism, the present study has been conducted to design a model for the development of food tourism in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The current research is an exploratory, developmental study using a qualitative method and grounded theory approach. The statistical population consists of experts and practitioners in the country's public and private tourism sectors, of which 19 people were selected according to the rule of theoretical saturation using purposeful and snowball sampling methods, and semi-structured individual interviews have been used to gather the data needed.

After analyzing the interviews, 94 concepts (final code) were identified, which were classified into six categories: causal factors (economic factors, competitive factors and factors related to demand), central phenomenon (tangible Items and intangible Items), contextual condition (infrastructural factors and cultural factors), intervening condition (internal factors and external factors), strategies (related to products and services, related to marketing and advertising, related to infrastructure development and related to human resources) and consequences (economic, socio-cultural and competitive).

The results show that the development of food tourism in Iran should be considered from different dimensions and aspects, and it is necessary to consider all the mechanisms influencing this process in planning and policy-making.

Originality/value: 

The current research has a holistic approach to food tourism development and has investigated the effective mechanisms in developing this type of tourism from different aspects.

 The purpose of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the tendency of women with physical disabilities to travel and tourism.

Design/methodology/approach: 

This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and a survey method. The statistical population includes 781 physically disabilities women of Babolsar city, and using the Cochran formula, 257 people were selected as a statistical sample with a multi-stage sampling method. The data collection tool is a questionnaire.

The findings showed that the tendency of physically disabilities women to travel is lower than the average level. Women experience a strong feeling of rejection in terms of social participation, normative integration, access to social rights and material deprivation is also at a low level. Regression analysis showed that social participation and feeling of material deprivation respectively had the greatest effect on their tendency to travel. Bivariate analyzes also indicated the existence of a significant difference in the tendency of physically disabilities women to travel according to age, education, occupation and cause of disability(p<0/005).

This study provides a more distinct picture of the impact of social exclusion on physically disabilities women and its impact on tourism and travel. Since tourism can be effective in strengthening mental health and their return to the society, providing the ground for disabled tourism should be given more attention.

Originality/value: 

This study is one of the first researches in the field of physically disabled women and tourism in Iran.

Tourism industry has been affected by various crises over the years. Covid-19 has severely affected tourism in Iran, especially in Mazandaran. Small and medium-sized tourism businesses suffered the most hurt due to their limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting small and medium tourism businesses success in the post-Corona eras.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The method of this research is descriptive – analytical method based on survey. The tool used was a questionnaire with closed questions that its indicators have been collected by studying valid foreign sources and they have been approved by professors and tourism experts. The reliability level of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and then distributed among 177 tourism activists in Mazandaran province. SPSS and PLS3 software were used to analyze the collected data.

Findings show that there is a significant relationship between personal values and market-orientation. There is a significant relationship between personal values and customer orientation. There is no significant relationship between market-orientation and product performance. There is also no significant relationship between market-orientation and intangible assets performance. There is a significant relationship between customer orientation and product performance. There is also a significant relationship between customer orientation and intangible assets performance.

According to the results, suggestions show that it is important to place transparency and sharing of goals. It’s also important that government should support employees. The other important factors are integrated planning in the province, compliance with protocols, holding professional tours, etc.

Originality/value: 

For the first time, this research examines the factors affecting the small and medium-sized tourism businesses’ success in Mazandaran province during the pandemic.

The origins of literature and the development of the scientific and operational themes of creative tourism are more debatable than the economic aspect, which finds its functional impulses in the hearts of designers and commentators of developed nations. From this transition, creative tourism is mentioned as the key highway of the future world in environmental exploitation and future territorial and local research. Because tourism, with the objective combination of the concept of dialogue of civilizations, will be the basis of peace, development and prosperity of human civilization. The present article has studied this important issue in the future of our country's economy and with the influence of global studies and also the impact of the low role of creative tourism studies in the land economy, has studied this important issue in Isfahan province.

Design/methodology/approach: 

This research, which is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose of development-applied research and descriptive-analytical in nature, uses the method of collecting libraries and surveying relevant organizations to evaluate the spatial distribution of operators. Creative tourism (creative environment, creative process, industries and creative product and creative class).

Findings of this study from 27 components (natural heritage, medicinal and natural plants, historical and cultural heritage, traditional cultural effects, tourism facilities, tourism service-welfare activities, process, performing and visual arts , Audio-visual industries, games and entertainment, handicrafts, food, fashion and clothing, jewelry, books, publishing, creative services, engineers, music artists, fashion and clothing, cinema, theater, literature, handicrafts, Visual Arts, Elite Group, Human Investment, Tourism Employees) in these four areas, which have been achieved by using the CRITIC method, as well as the EDAS technique and, of course, using ArcGIS software. However, they show that based on the indicators, the studied cities are facing a relatively unfavorable and completely unfavorable situation.

The objective findings of this research in combination with theoretical foundations and studies show that there are problems of planning, structure and fundamental studies on the body of tourism that require extensive importance and attention to this area.

Desert tourism is one of the most special and adventurous types of tourism that takes place in many countries. Unfortunately, due to weak infrastructure and effective strategies in this field, attention to the potential of this type of tourism has been neglected in Iran. The aim of the current research is to outline a new perspective in the development of sustainable tourism in Iran in the form of desert tourism, which is centered on the desert forests of Um El Debs in Khuzestan.

Design/methodology/approach:

 The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and the research method used in it is quantitative, which investigates the issue using a semi-parametric geographically weighted regression model.

According to the findings of the present research, there is not much difference between the fitting results of the traditional weighted geographic regression model and the semi-parametric model of geographically weighted regression, and these values prove that the significance test can prove that all cases are in the correlation area. Also, the values related to the estimation of the parameters in this area are high and this shows that promoting the economic development of tourism will bring positive results for the majority of the local residents of Bostan county.

The results indicate that the expansion of tourism in the desert forest region of Um El Debs has positive and effective effects and consequences, and desert tourism can have a positive potential to increase the economic prosperity of the region, and in case of careful planning and policy, it can also be fruitful in the development of sustainable tourism in the region.

Originality/value:

 Referring to the results and findings of the present research, for the first time the possibility of developing sustainable tourism in Iran, centered on desert forests, was confirmed and investigated.

The growth and development of the tourism industry as a profitable industry can be effective in the economic, social and cultural growth and development of any region. Kermanshah province receives thousands of domestic and foreign tourists every year due to its many natural and historical attractions. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the level of demand for human resources required by businesses related to the tourism industry in the historical and cultural area of Bisotun by providing a dynamic model and creating a reference for future predictions.

Design/methodology/approach: 

For this purpose, after reviewing the research background and identifying the research variables, the most important of these specific factors and using the system dynamics approach, drawing a pattern of these factors and the relationships between them and using Vansim software in a period of 20 years (2011-2031) has been simulated. The data required for the study were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts, managers and faculty members in the field of tourism and human resources management who were selected purposefully. To validate the model and ensure the correctness of the simulated behavior, the comparison tests of the actual values and the predicted values of the variables, the future behavior prediction test and the sensitivity analysis test were used.

According to the research results, it is expected that the level of demand for tourism-related businesses will increase in the studied area. In addition, in the basic model based on the simulation, it was observed that the demand level of human resources, income, employment rate and the number of foreign tourists will increase over time.

Originality/value: 

The present research has presented a model for predicting the demand level of human resources required by businesses in the tourism industry in Bisotun area using the system dynamics approach.