نشریه تعاون و کشاورزی
سال نهم شماره 36 (زمستان 1399)

In the most general sense, the word cluster refers to the spatial concentration of economic activity in particular lands. Industrial clusters are the aggregation of competing and competing industries in a region that interact in a networked manner through horizontal and vertical communications and strong and interconnected links. The purpose of this research is to model the factors affecting the competitiveness of industrial clusters. The research method used in this study design is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Accordingly, the statistical population of this study consists of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualification department comprises 10 experts in the field of industrial clusters as senior managers or marketing and sales managers with at least 5 years of useful work experience and a master's degree and above. The statistical population of the quantitative section includes all managers and administrative staff of Sari Agricultural Equipment Cluster. The number is 107. Then, effective factors were identified by using Maxqda qualitative software and open and axial coding and tested by PLS quantitative research model software. According to the qualitative results of the research, the factors affecting the competitiveness of industrial clusters and agricultural conversion industries are: network of supporting institutions and industries, social backgrounds, innovation facilitation, geographical focus, company structure and competition strategy. Also identified options for the core Agent and Support Industries network include public enterprise integration, supplier relationships, government linkage with research centers, banking contracts, tax adjustment mechanisms,

At the present time, although the productivity and sustainability of many environmental protection technologies, such as organic technology, have been widely demonstrated, many farmers are still unaware of these technologies and the reason of it, is that such technologies require the replacement of management skills, knowledge and local manpower with foreign inputs. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of agricultural extension and education system in the form of educational-extension methods on the development of organic agriculture in agricultural cooperatives. The statistical population consisted of the members of active and passive agricultural cooperatives in Shabestar township in 2019. This study is In terms of paradigm, quantitative; In terms of purpose, practical; In terms of data collection, survey and in terms of the relationship between variables, it is a type of descriptive-correlation researches. Structural equation modeling technique was used for data analysis. According to field data, there was sufficient evidence to support the significant impact of "scientific visits" and "training sessions" on "organic technology behavior". Also, the significant effect of the variables of "personal contact" and "knowledge of organic technology" on "attitude to organic technology" was confirmed. Based on the results, the following recommendations are proposed: the establishment of R&D center and national organic database, Orientation to farmers' thoughts for more communication with extension agents, leading farmers and experts, and culture building on how to use of messengers (Telegram, WhatsApp and Instagram) and mobile text messages.

Social capital as a set of relationships based on trust does not exist within a person or a social structure, but takes shape within the space between people. The present study has been developed to examine the impact of social capital on the quality of life of Cooperative activists. In this study we have utilized the correlational method with an applied purpose. We have collected data using two questionnaires on social capital and life quality. Social capital weakness of Cooperative activists has reduced the quality of life of these individuals. The social capital in the present research has been divided in two cognitive and structural dimensions. The cognitive dimension deals with the intangible part such as values, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors and social norms; and the structural dimension of social capital involves the structures and nets comprising collective decision-making and mutual responsibility processes. People with a history of weakness of Cooperative activists in life suffer from social isolation and their quality of life is severely reduced as well and in case of increasing the cognitive dimension of social capital, their quality of life will also be improved. There is a significant relation between the structural dimension of social capital and quality of life of Cooperative activists. Due to isolation in the community and lack of connection with other people, Cooperative Members will be severely limited in terms of the structural social capital; consequently, their quality of life will be greatly reduced as well.

The development of behaviors such as organizational justice, by increasing organizational obligations can be very effective in reducing administrative misconduct. The purpose of this study is to provide an effective model for reducing administrative misconduct among employees of agricultural production cooperatives with the mediating role of organizational commitment. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. To test the hypotheses, a 40-item questionnaire according to the Likert 7-choice spectrum was used. The statistical population of the study is the personnel of agricultural production cooperatives in Hamedan and Shiraz provinces with a total of 250 people. The statistical sample size of 148 people has been selected based on Krejcie and Morgan table by relative stratified method. The reliability of the analysis tool was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the validity of the tool was confirmed using construct validity through Lisrel software using confirmatory factor analysis. The path analysis model was used to analyze the findings and the Sobel test was used to analyze the mediating variable. The results showed that organizational justice and its components can have a negative and significant impact on administrative misconduct, directly and indirectly through organizational commitment.

The main purpose of the present study was to define an appropriate Farming System which provides environmental sustainability of agricultural activities in Ilam province in "ILam province". Regarding the purpose, the present research is an applied – developmental study. The population includes experts. The sampling of the experts was carried out via Nonprobability Sampling (Purposive and Chained). Two questionnaires were designed to serve as the major research instruments. Face and content validity was applied to determine the validity and Cronbach coefficient Alpha and consistency coefficient were applied to determine the inconsistency coefficient of the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used To achieve pre-determined purpose of the study. The procedures, all, were performed by spss 18 software. For multiple criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were applied for the decision making stage. The required statistics were carried out by the use of ES2000 software. Sustainability criteria were firstly recognized with the aid of the secondary documents. The Farming Systems were lying in the range of private, cooperative produce, rental, and share cropping. The results of this study demonstrated that the cooperative is the most useful Farming System in the environmental sustainability of agricultural activities.

The current study aims to provide a data mining approach to customer-oriented development of new products with a focus on one type of fertilizer. The problem considered in this study was due to the high volume and variety of customer demand on the one hand and the limitation of agricultural cooperatives in the variety of available fertilizers on the other hand. Accordingly, the data related to the real needs and priorities of customers in terms of fertilizer type, price, and purchase time were collected using survey tools firstly, and then analyzed based on the CRISP algorithm in data mining. In the first step of data analysis and in order to develop customer-oriented new products, the clustering method was used and thus the variety of fertilizers introduced by customers was reduced from 37 to 5; In a way, the features of the new products were very close to the needs of most customers. Then, using the decision tree method, the desired quality forecast was done for each new product in different time periods and based on, the supply and production pattern of products was provided according to the desire and demand of customers in each season. In general, and according to the results obtained, it can be said that the use of data mining can be useful in the development of new products in a customer-oriented way and this approach is able to respond to issues such as data diversity management as well as customer-centric supply chain management planning.

Universities and higher education centers are responsible for the missions of training the expert force, and expanding of technology, innovation and creativity. Student cooperatives can play a significant role in developing the skills and abilities necessary to prepare students to enter in the labor market. Therefore, this research devoted to identifying characteristics of successful student cooperative in College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Razi University, through grounded theory methodology. The population for this study consisted of students majoring in agriculture who are members of the Pishgaman Student Cooperative in College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Razi University. Interviewing was the main tool for gathering data and using purposeful sampling method and snowball technique. The results showed the characteristics such as a "Participation and Cooperation", "Necessary Facilities and Infrastructure", "Appropriate Economic Conditions", "Entrepreneurship and Creativity", "Implementation and Development of Sustainable Agriculture", "Successful Management" and "Appropriate Marketing" were the most important characteristics of successful student cooperative.

The present research is an applied research conducted by survey method in order to determine the sustainable farming system in the downstream lands of the Karamabad dam. The statistical population includes all experts who had sufficient information and experience about dimensions of sustainability of farming systems especially in the research area. Using targeted sampling method, 15 experts were identified. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the faculty members in economics, extension and environment majors of the Urmia University. The inconsistibility rate was used to measure reliability. Utilizing the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) the decision tree was made consisting of criteria, sub-criteria and options, for determining a sustainable farming system. The data were analyzed using Expert choice software. The results showed that considering economic, social and environmental criteria, farming joint stock companies was introduced as the most sustainable farming system from the viewpoint of experts. Also, in terms of economic and environmental criteria, the agro-industry farming system was in the second priority. In terms of social sub-criteria, the small peasant farming system had better than other farming systems because of solving the problem of ownership conflict. Necessary suggestions for setting up farming joint stock companies in the study area were provided.

The present study is conducted with the aim of Identifying and Prioritizing Effective Factors on rural and agricultural products marketing in Ilam province emphasizing the role of agricultural and rural cooperatives by AHP Method. Research Methodology This research is an applied and descriptive research. The executive process consists of two main steps. The first step is to identify and categorize the factors influencing marketing using the Delphi method. In the second step, we analyzed the data from the expert questionnaire using Expert Choice version 11 software. Based on the results of prioritization among the main criteria, infrastructure, institutional and legal factors with 0.52 standard weight were ranked first and management and marketing factors with 0.48 standard weight were ranked next. Also among the sub-criteria, infrastructure and rules with respect to 0.134 integrated weight, collecting and concentrating products with 0.124 integrated weight ranked first and second respectively. Among the sub-criteria related to management and marketing factors, advertising and promotion of products with integrated weight of 0.153 and training of residents of these areas with integrated weight of 0.106, respectively, ranked first and second in importance and priority, respectively.

The present study was formulated in order to determine institutional capacity in participatory water management in Peyvand Cooperative in Aqqala. A survey method was adopted and data collection was carried out by using questionnaire. Target population included 102 experts and authorities in this initiative and data gathered based on a census. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires in terms of importance and status quo of institutional capacity were confirmed through experts’ opinions and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively. Institutional capacity was measured in 6 attributes and 62 items. The results obtained from components ranking revealed that the component “human capital”, “norms”, “provision of resources”, “management capacity”, “institutional integrity”, and “knowledge development and learning” were more important in participatory water management, respectively. Moreover, the results obtained from paired t-test indicated that the average of all components of institutional capacity during design and administration of participatory water management project in real setting is below the expected value. Furthermore, the results of one-sample t-test showed that the average of all the components is >3, which means the components of institutional capacity are in favorable level in administration of participatory water management project. The results acquired from the effect of institutional capacity on institutional effectiveness via multiple regression showed that six components of institutional capacity have positive and significant effect on institutional effectiveness. It is noteworthy that the component “management capacity” had the highest effect.