فصلنامه تحقیقات در علوم ورزشی و گیاهان دارویی
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1399)

Research and study on the therapeutic effects of plants  as well as on people's acceptance of these plants has been considered. Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomile)  is one of the most widely used plants in traditional medicine. Chamomile is one of the medicinal plants for which various effects have been mentioned in traditional and modern medicine. In this article, studies on the therapeutic effects of Chamomile  have been reviewed.

In this study, valid scientific articles, since 2000, on the pharmacological effects of Chamomile   in Pubmed, ISI Web, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID and Magiran databaseshave been used, and Persian and English studies were intended in the search.

In clinical and experimental studies, the therapeutic effects of this plant on the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, neuropsychiatry, menstrual problems, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antispasmodic, analgesic and anticancer properties and wound healing have been proven.

Matricaria Chamomile is recognized worldwide as an important medicinal plant. The various uses of this plant in the treatment of diseases from ancient times and its use in the pharmaceutical industry are the reason for its noticeable worthiness and valuable benefits in the world.

Antioxidant use can affect delayed muscle soreness, inflammation, and oxidative markers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dried barberry root supplementation on muscle pain and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) following a session of eccentric exhausting activity in non-athlete women.

In this quasi-experimental study, thirty non-athlete women aged 20 to 30 years were randomly divided into three groups of 10, including 1- eccentric exhaustion activity (control group), 2- eccentric exhaustion activity + placebo (placebo group) and 3- eccentric exhaustion activity + barberry supplement (Barberry group). On the pretest day, all three groups participated in an exhaustive eccentric activity. Blood samples were taken from the subjects before and after the activity. Then, the subjects participated in a group-specific supplementation program for 2 weeks. Groups 2 and 3 received dried barberry root and flour powder with a daily dose of 3 capsules of 250 mg respectively. After two weeks of receiving the interventions, all three groups again participated in the post-test similar to the pre-test in the eccentric exhausting physical activity with the same intensity and duration .Blood samples were taken again from the subjects before and after this activity To analyze the data, 2 4 ×  factor analysis of variance (2 groups and 4 times of measurement)  including Benfroni post hoc test was used(P≥0.05).

Eccentric exhausting activity and eccentric exhausting activity + barberry supplement had no significant effect on changes in serum levels of SOD and CAT (P≤0.05). Althougheccentric exhausting activity significantly increased serum GPX levels and muscle pain (P≤0.05), this increase was less in the barberry supplement group (P≥0.05).

It seems that one session of eccentric exhausting activity can increase muscle soreness and serum GPX levels in non-athlete women. However, 14 days of barberry supplementation can reduce its levels.

Impaired energy balance causes various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, etc. Many peptides are involved in regulating energy balance in the body, of which ghrelin is one of the most important. This study investigates the effect of endurance training and Pistacia Atlantica extract (Baneh) (as a plant rich in fatty acids) on ghrelin gene expression in the intestinal tissue of female rats.

In this experimental study, 20 adult female Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into four groups: 1) saline control, 2) saline training, 3) Baneh control, and 4) Baneh + training. Groups 2 and 4 trained on a rodent treadmill for eight weeks (five days a week, each session for 60 minutes at a speed of 25 m / min with a zero slope) while groups 1 and 3 did not. Groups 3 and 4 received Pistacia Atlantica extract and groups 1 and 3 received saline solution before exercise as a gavage (1 mg per gram of body weight). Rats were anesthetized and biopsied 72 hours after the last training session in the fasting state. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and P<0.05 was considered significant.

Eight weeks of aerobic training decreased ghrelin gene expression in rats intestinal tissue (P<0.001) but its expression increased in response to Pistacia Atlantica use (P<0.001).

The use of a high-fat diet (Baneh extract) increased the expression of the ghrelin gene in intestinal tissue. Eight weeks of aerobic training moderated this increase.

Nutrition and exercise are two effective factors in regulating the body's endocrine system. Due to the positive effects of sports activities and herbs on sex hormones, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of eight weeks of swimming training and chamomile extract consumption on serum levels of Luteinizing, Testosterone, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormones in male rats.

in this experimental study, 40 male Sprague-dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups consisting of eight rats. The groups include: (1) swimming training, (2) chamomile extract administration, (3) swimming training, and chamomile extract administration; (4) placebo; and (5) control. The swimming and the swimming plus chamomile extract administration groups had three session swimming trainings per week, each session lasted 60 seconds. Also, the swimming plus chamomile extract administration and the chamomile extract administration groups received (200 mg/kg body weight/day) chamomile extract peritoneally. Kolmogorov–Smirnov and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s Post-hoc tests were used to analyze the results (P≤0.05).

chamomile extract administration had significant effects on increasing testosterone levels (P=0.04). However, the effects of swimming training (P=0.79) and swimming plus chamomile extract administration (P=0.09) on testosterone levels were non-significant. Swimming training plus chamomile extract administration had significant effects on increasing serum levels of FSH (P=0.001), but only swimming training (P=0.89) and only chamomile extract administration (P=0.46) had no significant effects on serum levels of FSH. Also, none of the swimming training, chamomile extract administration, and swimming training plus chamomile extract administration had significant effects on LH serum levels.

although chamomile extract administration alone can increase testosterone serum levels, and simultaneously can improve FSH serum levels when used with swimming training, it seems that further study is required to confirm the interactive effects of chamomile consumption and swimming training.

Considering the high prevalence of overweight and obesity And the need for effective and practical solutions to control them, the present study was conducted with the aim of Evaluation of the effect of a balanced aerobic training with trunk stability training on blood glucose, insulin, anthropometric indices and insulin resistance in overweight women

The study sample consisted of 80 women (25-45 years old) with BMI greater than 25 They were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Exercises were performed for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week - each session 1 hour). Study variables were measured before and at the end of the training period. After data collection, data was coded and entered into the computer. Data were analyzed by SPSS software at two levels of descriptive and inferential. Significance level was set at 0.05.

A rhythmic aerobic training course Along with trunk stability exercises on body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage had a significant effect on overweight women and reduces them (p < 0.05), but it had no significant effect on fasting glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in women (P>0.05).

The results of this study emphasize the effectiveness of trunk endurance training on decreasing body mass index, waist circumference and body fat percentage.

 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of using L. Thymus vulgaris honey after a resistance circular training session on cerulopasmin, muscles damage markers, lactates and insulin resistance in young college men.

 18 young college men were randomly divided into three groups: control-water, control-honey and training-honey. Control-honey and training-honey groups were fed honey immediately after training. Control- water group at the same time, consuming 5 ml water. The circular resistance training included 10 minutes warming, 12 station (%351-RM) and 5 minutes cool down. Blood sampling was taken in 5 steps. Data was analyzed by using ANOVA with repeated measurement at the significance level of p < 0.05.

 The Result showed significant difference in the level of glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in control-honey and training-honey group from the first to the fifth stage (p < 0.05). The greatest difference (increase) was in the third stage between the groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma Ceruloplasmin, total Creatin Kinase, CK MB, CKBB and LDH (P≥0.05).

 According to the findings of research, Honey consumption did not prevent inflammatory factors after resistance training and increased insulin resistance index.

The current study was to examine the effect of eight weeks resistance training with D vitamin consumption on Interleukin 10 & 15 in overweight women.

In semi experimental study with pre-post phases, 60 over weight women with age range 20-35 years old selected and those located in 4 groups: resistance training, D vitamin consumption, resistance training with D vitamin consumption and placebo. Blood sampling collected in pre test phase and post test phase (after 8 weeks training). The training protocol consisted of 8 weeks of resistance training, which was held three sessions per week. Participants in two groups of daily vitamin intake consumed 1 unit of vitamin D in capsules (at night and before going to bed). Participants in the placebo group also received a placebo from lactose. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results showed that resistance training and resistance training along with vitamin D significantly reduced interleukin-6 and significantly increased interleukin-15 in overweight women. Other results showed a greater effect of resistance training with vitamin D compared to resistance training alone in reducing interleukin-6 and increasing interleukin-15.

Overall, the current results suggest that overweight and obese women using vitamin D combined with resistance training may be able to prevent the inflammatory stress caused by moderate exercise and its aftermath.