مجله پزشکی قانونی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 96، زمستان 1399)

Personal identification is one of the important issues in forensic medicine to the identity of an individual. Due to differences in ethnic groups in physical characteristics, it is necessary to perform anthropometric studies in each population.  The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of the foot and its relationship with stature in the Lebanese population.

In a cross-sectional study, the stature and anthropometric factors of the foot (length and width) were measured in 100 men and 100 women aged 20 to 40 years living in Beirut, Lebanon after obtaining consent. The data were then analyzed. Linear regression and Pearson correlation were used for finding the relationship between quantitative data.

There was no significant difference in mean age between men and women. Also, the mean stature, length, and width of the foot in men were significantly higher than in women. There was a significant correlation between stature and leg length and width in the Lebanese population and leg length was a more appropriate factor for predicting stature. However, in the male population, foot length was significantly correlated with stature. Foot length and width in women had no significant correlation with stature. Also, different equations for calculating stature based on leg length and width were calculated.

According to our achieved results, foot length and width can be used to estimate stature in the Lebanese population in forensic research. However, foot length is a more appropriate factor for estimating stature in this population.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience in premature children of pre-school age children under the well-being of Kashan.

This research was semi-experimental and pre-test-posttest with control group was used. The sample consisted of 30 non-affiliated children who were selected by available sampling method and based on entry and exit criteria from the day-care center. They were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 subjects. Measurement tools were the Conner Dodson Resilience Scale (2003), which was completed by participants in the pretest-posttest phase. Then, the participants in the experimental group participated in eight 90-minute treatment sessions based on admission and commitment.

The mean score of resilience before the intervention in the experimental group was 47.65 which after the intervention reached 93.15 and in the follow-up stage reached 87.92 and in the control group these scores increased from 78.59 to 72.64 in the post-intervention stage and 44.36 in the follow-up stage Resilience was in the control group. Acceptance and commitment therapy had a greater effect on resilience in the participants of the experimental group than the control group. Based on the results of analysis of covariance, acceptance and commitment therapy increased resilience.

Considering the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on increasing resilience of homeless children covered by welfare, the importance of using this treatment compared to other treatments to increase resilience and ability to cope with problems should be considered.

Tramadol is an opioid analgesic used to treat pains. With a statistic of up to 50%, this substance is considered the first cause of death due to drug poisoning. Investigating the prevalence of tramadol poisoning plays an essential role in providing a suitable context for the authorities to take the necessary decisions to reduce the use of this drug. This review study explores the side effects of tramadol overdose.

The present study is a review study. The search was performed by using keywords such as tramadol, poisoning, overdose, and tramadol complications in Persian and English in reliable databases such as PubMed, Wiley, Elsevier, Science Direct, and SID from 2000 to 2019.

In general, according to the findings of most studies, tramadol is the most complicated opioid drug and due to its prevalence among young people with low education level, it is necessary that the physician and pharmacist colleagues carefully prescribe and sell this drug. In addition, increasing awareness about its potentially dangerous side effects and precise monitoring of the distribution of this drug is mandatory. Tramadol poisoning and overdose can cause a reduction of the activity of the central nervous system, respiratory system, tachycardia, seizures, and hypertension. The narcotic effect and the inhibitory effect of reabsorption of monoamines are possible methods for the action of tramadol.

Estimating limb length based on the remaining parts of each limb is one of the most important challenges among anatomists and forensic specialists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between upper limb length and length of upper limb segments to derive a regression formula for estimating upper limb length.

Four parameter of upper limb length, arm length, forearm length and arm length were taken from 199 students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (18-25 years old) and then statistically analyzed using SPSS 16 software. And linear regression model was used to estimate the length of the upper limb.

By examining the Pearson correlation in the whole statistical population, a direct relationship was found between the total length of the upper limb and arm length, forearm length and arm length (p = 0.0001, 0.803, 0.824, 0.836, respectively).

We found a strong correlation between upper limb length and arm length, forearm length and length. Regression analysis also showed that arm and forearm length were more valuable than forearm length for estimating upper limb length.

Anthropometric data, particularly cranio-facial variables, is important in forensic medicine, sex determination, designing ergonomic instrument and plastic surgery. The aim of present study is to determine the relation between stature and facial length and facial width among students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

This study was done on 201 students (100 males and 101 females), in the range of 18–41 years. Stature, facial length and facial width were measured by using a standard spreading caliper. The linear regression used for examining the relationship between stature and facial length and facial width. The data was analyzed by software SPSS 16. Independent-Samples T-Test was used to compare the data. The relationship between quantitative data was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the linear regression equations were used to determine the relation between stature with facial parameters.

The result of study showed that the mean of facial length in male and female were 12.077±0.212 and 10.998±0.261 respectively. The mean of facial width in male and female were 13.727±0.820 and 11.363±0.675 respectively. In both sex, there were significant importance in facial length and width, especially in facial width in comparison to facial length. The mean of stature in male and female were 171.036±3.528 and 167.430±3.938 respectively. There was a correlation between stature and facial length (r =0.429, P=0.0001) and facial width (r =0.54, P=0.0001).

The analysis of linear regression for the all cases indicates that there is a relationship between stature and facial length/width. Hence, this study can be useful in forensic medicine, sex determination, designing ergonomic instrument and plastic surgery.

Considering the objective evidence that some patients with Vegetative State return to normal life after more than a year and medical research shows that in the evaluation of some patients with Vegetative State, the activity of cortical areas is related. It can be seen by understanding the feeling of pain and comprehensible sentences, which in general can indicate the absence or at least doubt in the relative or permanent decline of all benefits, especially the five benefits (sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste) in such be patient. Therefore, this study has been conducted with the aim of challenging the decline of benefits, especially the five senses in patients of Vegetative State from the perspective of medicine, jurisprudence and law.

The research method in this study is the library, descriptive and analytical and evaluation of jurisprudential and legal research, medicine for some patients with Vegetative State.

In the present study, medical, jurisprudential and legal findings are such that the existing ambiguities in the field of consciousness, diagnosis of decline or non-decline of interests, especially the interests of the five senses to examine the rules of multiple and interference of diets are different from other findings are given. According to medical findings, examinations and tests performed on patients with Vegetative State, as well as the existence of objective evidence of cortical activity related to the perception of pain and hearing during the expression of comprehensible sentences and the return of some of these patients to the normal life, we can not talk about the definite decline of interests, especially the benefit of the five senses. Evidence for the decline of benefits has been examined and analyzed from the perspective of jurisprudence and law on the subject of counting and the application or non-application of the counted cases to a person with a Vegetative State.

Assessing disability and permanent disability is one of the concerns of all industrial and developing societies.

This cross-sectional descriptive study examined the files of all injured people who had referred to forensic medicine to investigate the extent of injuries caused by accidents in the first six months of 2019. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and then analyzed by SPSS21 software.

Out of 1300 cases, 58.4% were due to accident, 36.9% to dispute and 4.7% were due to work accident. 959 (73.8%) were male and the rest of them were female. The highest frequency in the age group of 15-20 years was 19.4%. Of all clients, 9.2% had a disability and 90.8% had no disability. 35.1% had referred once and 64.9% had referred twice or more than twice. 26.4% of the clients were less than one month old and 73.6% were more than one to 24 months old for follow-up.

Due to the results of the study and the low level of organ failure and the possibility of diagnosing it in the initial referrals, the number of referrals and a follow-up period of clients can be significantly reduced; As a result, it will save time and energy for clients, forensic medicine and speed up the proceedings.

Cases related to medical malpractice are among the cases that due to their technicality, judicial authority must obtain the opinion of experts. According to the regulations, Forensic Medicine Organization and Medical Council are the competent authorities to comment on this matter. This study aims to examine that judge tend to choose which of these organizations and what factors play a greater role in this regard.

This research has been done by descriptive and analytical method and 87 cases that were registered in 3.21.2019- 3.19.2020 as medical malpractice in the judiciary of North Khorasan have been reviewed. The researcher-made questionnaire distributed among 18 judges of the criminal courts and the opinions were asked about each of the questions. Finally, based on the obtained data, the factors are discussed and the output is analyzed.

The findings show that most judges know that Forensic Medicine Organization and Medical Council are competent authorities in the field of medical malpractice. Judges are satisfied with the performance of the Forensic Medicine Organization and prefer to refer cases to this organization. From the point of view of judges, impartiality of the Forensic Medicine Organization was the most important factor in this choice. Since the impartiality of the Forensic Medicine Organization is the main factor in choosing this organization as an expert reference, it is necessary to maintain this feature and the high position of this organization as one of the assistants of the judiciary will be maintained.